美国文学复习资料

美国文学复习资料一、TranslationThe shark was not an accident. He had come up from deep down in the water as the dark cloud of blood had settled and dispersed in the mile deep sea. He had come up so fast and absolutely without caution that he broke the surface of the blue water and was in the sun. Then he fell back into the sea and picked up the scent and started swimming on the course the skiff and the fish had taken.这条鲨鱼的出现不是偶然的。

当那一大片暗红的血朝一英里深的海里下沉并扩散的时候，它从水底深处上来了。

它窜上来得那么快，全然不顾一切，竟然冲破了蓝色的水面，来到了阳光里。

跟着它又掉回海里，嗅到了血腥气的踪迹，就顺着小船和那鱼所走的路线游去。

Sometimes he lost the scent. But he would pick it up again, or have just a trace of it, and he swam fast and hard on the course. He was a very big Mako shark built to swim as fast as the fastest fish in the sea and everything about him was beautiful except his jaws. His back was as blue as a sword fish‘s and his belly was silver and his hide was smooth and handsome. He was built as a sword fish except for his huge jaws which were tight shut now as he swam fast, just under the surface with his high dorsal fin knifing through the water without wavering. Inside the closed double lip of his jaws all of his eight rows of teeth were slanted inwards. They were not the ordinary pyramid-shaped teeth of most sharks. Theywere shaped like a man‘s fingers when they are crisped like claws. They were nearly as long as t he fingers of the old man and they had razor-sharp cutting edges on both sides. This was a fish built to feed on all the fishes in the sea, that were so fast and strong and well armed that they had no other enemy. Now he speeded up as he smelled the fresher scent and his blue dorsal fin cut the water.有时候它迷失了那气味。

但是它总会重新嗅到，或者就嗅到那么一点儿，它就飞快地使劲跟上。

它是条很大的灰鲭鲨，生就一副好体格，能游得跟海里最快的鱼一般快，周身的一切都很美，除了它的上下颚。

它的背部和剑鱼的一般蓝，肚子是银色的，鱼皮光滑而漂亮。

它长得和剑鱼一般，除了它那张正紧闭着的大嘴，它眼下就在水面下迅速地游着，高耸的脊鳍象刀子般划破水面，一点也不抖动。

在这紧闭着的双唇里面，八排牙齿全都朝里倾斜着。

它们和大多数鲨鱼的不同，不是一般的金字塔形的。

它们象爪子般蜷曲起来的人的手指。

它们几乎跟这老人的手指一般长，两边都有刀片般锋利的快口。

这种鱼生就拿海里所有的鱼当食料，它们游得那么快，那么壮健，武器齐备，以致所向无敌。

它闻到了这新鲜的血腥气，此刻正加快了速度，蓝色的脊鳍划破了水面。

二、Reading（一）"If time be of all things the most precious, wasting time must be" as Poor Richard says, "the greatest prodigality;" since, as he elsewhere tells us,"Lost time is never found again; and what we call time enough, always proves little enough." Let us then up and be doing, and doing to the purpose: so by diligence shall we do more with less perplexity. "Sloth makes all things difficult, but industry all easy; and he that riseth late, must trot all day, and shall scarce overtake his business at night; while laziness travels so slowly, that poverty soon overtakes him. Drive thy business, let not that drive thee; and early to bed, and early to rise, makesa man healthy, wealthy, and wise.1.作者：Benjamin Franklin2.书名：The way to wealth3.主人公：Richard Saunders4.Who do you think poor Richard is? And what judgment does Benjamin Franklin have of him?A. Benjamin Franklin himselfB. People were the best judges of his merit.5.Do you agree with Poor Richard’s view on time? Why?（开放题）（二）I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.My tongue, every atom of my blood, formed from this soil, this air,Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same,I, now thirty seven years old in perfect health begin,Hoping to cease not till death.Creeds and schools in abeyance,Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are, but never forgotten,I harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard,Nature without check with original energy.1.作者及诗歌名：Walt Whitman; Song of Myself (出自Leaves of Grass)2.诗歌的形式(written in)：free verse3.诗歌中的“I”指什么？Universal self4.What does grass symbolize in this section?A. The regeneration in natureB. A common thing that unites disparate people in the USC. Democracy（三）One morning about daybreak I found a canoe and crossed over a chute to the main shore –it was only two hundred yards –and paddled about a mile up a crick amongst the cypress woods, to see if I couldn’tget some berries. Just as I was passing a place where a kind of a cowpath crossed the crick, here comes a couple of men tearing up the path as tight as they could foot it.1. 作者及书名：Mark Twain; The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn2. What happened next?One day two people, who turn out to be the swindles, seek refuge on their raft. The younger one poses himself as the Duke of Bridgewater, and the elder, the exiled Kind of France. Finally, Huck found that they were liars and chose to keep silent and let them to have their own way. （Finally, it didn’t take Huck much time to find these two were liars.）3.Make comments on the theme.On freedom. For Huck Finn, only the Mississippi river can bring him warmth. In his world , he feels lonely,cannot receive love from his father, however, the nature can afford comfort to him and a sense of home. For Jim, he doesn’t feel fair in that society. He considers that everybody should be treated equally. Also, as a slave, he wants to get freedom and live with his family.（四）In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.1. 作者及诗歌名：Ezra Pound; In a Station of the Metro2. Images: apparition, petals, bough3. The theme of the poem: Optimistically, the poem may imply that even in such a seemingly least probable circumstance as a gloomy underground railway station, beauty can still startle people with unusual force. 以下是匹配题、选择题及判断题1. The thoughts of America Literature in the Colonial and Revolutionary period is puritanism.2. The doctrines of predestination, original sin, total depravity and limited atonement were all that they believed in.3. Benjamin Franklin----Poor Richard’s Almanack, The Autobiography.4. Ralph Wald Emerson is the teacher of Henry David Thoreau(学生). T5. Washington Irving----The Sketch Book (其中Rip Van Winkle 和The Legend of Sleepy Hollow很出名)6. James Fenimore Cooper----Leather-stocking Tales are a series of five novels, including The Pioneers, The Last of the Mohicans, The Prairie, The Pathfinder and The Deerslayer. (考哪本书不属于这个系列的)7. Nathaniel Hawthorne----The Scarlet Letter8. Walt Whitman----Leaves of Grass9. Mark Twain(humorist)----Life on the Mississippi, The Gilded Age, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.10. Henry James----Daisy Miller, The Portrait of a Lady. 判断题11. Theodore Dreiser----The Financier, The Titan, The Stoic(欲望三部曲)。