英语基础语法知识

英语句子成分（8种）

主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语、同位语

1、主语是句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词、代词、动名词充当。

En glish is a foreig n Ian guage. I like lear ning En glish. Lear ning En glish is in teresti ng.

2、谓语说明主语的动作或状态，回答“做（什么）”。主要由动词担任。

I lear n En glish every day.

3、表语在系动词之后，说明主语的身份或特征，回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常

由名词、代词或形容词担任。

女口：My name is Ping ping . I am happy. The book is mine.

连系动词分类：

（1）状态系动词：用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be 一词。

He is a teacher. He is ill.

（2）感官系动词：look,feel, smell, sou nd, taste Your mother looks young. This kind of cloth feels soft. The flower smells good.

This song sounds great.. The soup tasted delicious.

（3）表像系动词:seem, look 看起来好像

He looks tired. He seems （to be） very sad.

（4）持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况，主要有keep, stay keep 和stay义为“保持”，remain 义为“仍然是，依然是” keep/stay healthy （5）变化系动词：变得become, turn, get, fall, go ，grow 等.

become /get an gry, famous, fat, ill, old, strong（人）

become/ get cold ,dark, cloudy （天气）

go 主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化（可用于人或事物）

go bad, hun gry, wrong

Her face tur ned red/ gree n.

fall ill/ sile nt

grow impatie nt

6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out,表达"证实"之意.

The theory proved （to be ） wrong.

His plan turned out （to be ） successful （turn out 表终止性结果）

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果，回答做的是“什么”。

有些及物动词带有两个宾语，一个指物，一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语，指人的

叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote mea letter .

有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语，放在直接宾语后面，来强调间

接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . _____

5、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么，通常由形容词或动词充当。如：

They usually keep their classroom clea n. / We call him Jack.

6、定语修饰名词或代词，如: Shanghai is a big city . I have something interesting

to tell you.

7、状语：副词作状语用来修饰动词或整个句子。此外，还有地点状语，时间状语等等。

She cried sadly. Sadly, she failed in the exam.

8. 同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：

Where is your classmate To ___ ?

分析下列句子成分

1. She smiles happily

2. I am hungry.

3. . Trees tur n gree n in spri ng.

4. Un luckily, he broke a wi ndow.

5. They pushed the door ope n.

6. Mr. Li con sidered him hon est.

7. She showed us her pictures.

8. I ' ll get my hair cut tomorrow.

9. We will make our school more beautiful.

10. Gran dma gave me a letter last ni ght.

英语句子的基本结构

英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

英语简单句的五种基本结构

1. 主语+谓语（vi.）

She cried sadly.

2. 主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语

I saw a film yesterday. I didn ' t meet him at the meeting. He reached London.

3. 主语+谓语（vt.）+间接宾语+直接宾语

Mother bought me a watch. —Mother bought a watch for me.

She showed us her new dress. —She showed her new dress to us.

4. 主语+谓语（vt. ）+宾语+宾补

I heard him singing in her room. We must keep our rivers clea n. We call

him Tom.

5. 主语+系动词+表语

She was too tired. Tom fell ill.

翻译下列句子：