nba篮球知识百科中英文互译

travelling 走步Even professional players sometimesget penalized for travelling.the violation of moving with the ballwithout dribbling correctlyturnover 失误Good players protect the ball to stopopposition players from making aturnover.a player loses the ball to a memberof the other team without taking ashotviolation 违例Two of the most common violations injunior basketball aredouble-dribbling and travelling.an infraction of the rulesBasketball is played by millions of people, both men and women, in all parts of the world. Professional basketball is watched by millions more on TV. The game is played between two teams, with five players per team allowed on the court at any one time. Points are scored by getting the ball through a hoop called 'the goal' or 'the basket', and the team scoring the most points wins.HistoryIn 1891, Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian physical education instructor at YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, decided to create a new indoor game to keep his students fit during the cold winter months. He experimented with a team game in which players threw a soccer ball to each other and scored by throwing it into a peach basket nailed high on a wall. Later that year he wrote the first version of the rules of what he now called'Basket Ball'. In 1906, the baskets were replaced by metal hoops in front of backboards. The ball still had to pass through the hoop from above to score a goal, however, as it did when baskets were used.The game soon spread to other U.S. schools and universities. In the early twentieth century, basketball competitions and leagues were set up all over North America, but most didn't last long. Then, in 1946, the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was formed to organize the top professional teams in the U.S.A. and Canada into one professional league. The BAA became the National Basketball Association (NBA) in1949, and today the NBA is the world's top professional basketball league.Most of the world's best players are with NBA teams, attracted by thecompetition's popularity, its high standard of play, and the high salaries.How the Game WorksBasketball is played on a rectangular court 28 metres long and 15 metreswide (approx. 92 ft by 49 ft) with a basket at a height of 3.05 metres (10 ft) ateach end. Most indoor courts have a floor made of wood. Points are scoredby throwing the ball through the opponents' basket. A goal scored frominside the three-point line earns two points (see diagram at right), and a goalscored from outside the three-point line earns three points, and goals fromfree throws earn one point.NBA games are played over four quarters of twelve minutes. Teams include twelve players, but only five can be on court at one time. Players can be substituted as often as the coach likes. Each coach has a limited number oftime-outs they can call during a game, and the game clock is stopped whenever play stops. Several officials oversee each game, including three on-court referees who call fouls, and table officials who keep score, run the game and shot clocks, and keep track of fouls and substitutions.Violations and FoulsThe ball can be moved by throwing it to another player (called passing) or by bouncing it with one hand while running or walking (called dribbling). If a player moves both feet without bouncing the ball, he commits a violationcalled travelling. If he uses two hands while dribbling, he commits a violation called double-dribbling. If a player's hand moves under the ball while dribbling, he commits a violation called carrying the ball. Violations are also committed when time-limits are exceeded, and usually result in a free inbound pass for the opposition team.A personal foul is committed when a player challenges another player unfairly, such as by blocking their run or hitting their arms. A player or coach who argues with a referee commits a technical foul. Fouls can be punished with a free inbound pass, free throws at goal, or with sending off. A player who commits five fouls, or six in the NBA, can no longer take part in the game and is said to have been 'fouled out'.Shots and PassingPlayers shoot for goal with a set shot if both feet are on the ground, or with a jump shot if the player is in mid-air. Other shots are the lay up (shooting, often off the backboard, while moving towards the basket) and the slamdunk(shooting straight down from above the basket). Passing can be done with a chest pass, a bounce pass oran overhead pass. More difficult passes are the no-look pass and the behind-the-back pass, though some coaches don't like these techniques because they can easily go wrong.Famous PlayersMichael JordanMichael Jordan is a former US player named "the greatest player of all time" by the NBA. He joined the NBA's Chicago Bulls in 1984 after an outstanding career at the University of North Carolina. He won the NBA championship with the Bulls in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997 and 1998. He also won two Olympic gold medals with U.S. basketball teams in 1984 and 1992.Yao MingYao Ming is a Chinese player who went to the U.S.A. and joined the NBA's Houston Rockets. Standing 7'6" tall (2.29 m), he is one of the tallest players in the history of the NBA. After joining the NBA draft in 2002, he was picked by the Houston Rockets and became the first player without any American basketball experience to be selected first overall in the draft. Yao Ming has a huge following in China, and he has increased interest in basketball in China and throughout Asia篮球比赛中的英语知识球场playing court 罚球线free throw line 违例violation 掩护screen篮球basketball 罚球区free throw lane 投篮goal throw 两次运球double dribble边线side line 三分线three point line 阻挡blocking 罚球违例free throw violation中线center line 限制区restricted area 踢球kicking the ball 非法运球illegal dribble端线end line 用过的球used ball 争球held ball 技术犯规technical foul界线boundary line 犯规次数牌foul markers 罚则penalty 故意犯规intentional foul前场front court 本方球篮own basket 罚球free throw 对方犯规personal contact中场mid court 对方球篮opponet's basket 犯规foul 身体接触screen foul后场back court 全队犯规标志team foul marke 推人pushing 投篮动作the act of shooting 中圈centre circle 球队席team bench 拉人holding 投篮未中goaln't madel篮圈ring 替补队员席substitude bench 撞人charging 得分无效cancel score篮网net 球队席区域team bench areas 绊人trip 控制球control of the ball篮板backboard 哨whistle 传球pass 妨碍视线obstructed visionAir ball:“三不沾”，投出的球什么都没碰到。