大一英语课文的总结

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英语学习总结范文

英语学习总结范文导读：范文英语学习总结范文【篇一：个人英语学习总结】这个学期即将结束，大一生活就告一段落了。

这一学年，受益匪浅，特别是在英语方面取得较大的成绩。

20XX年4月17日代表学院参加广东省高职英语口语大赛，荣获优胜奖；4月29日代表学院广东省高职院校第四届英语写作大赛，荣获三等奖。

这离不开学院领导的支持和学院老师的辛苦的培训。

我个人也积累了学习英语的经验，分享经验如下：1、要想学好英语，首先我认为最重要的是要做到这几点基本工作，即多听，多读，多背，多写。

看起来简单，实际操作还是需要恒心和耐心的。

必须要写个时间表，越具体越好。

那时候准备比赛我是这样安排的，晚上9点半晚修后听英语录音，听是个很重要的过程，先搞清楚美式英语和英式英语的发音，会听了不仅有利于以后四级考试的听力突破还有助于口语翻译及口语交流。

然后早读就大声朗诵英语，早上记忆力比较好，大声读出来，边读边记。

遇到不会读的单词马上写下来，晚上听录音巩固。

这几个步骤是比较繁琐无聊的。

不过，想要做到讲一口流利的英语和写一手好文章，这就要我们下功夫强制执行了。

2、做好了前面的基础工作，就要发挥我们个人品格魅力了。

要具备“三心”。

即恒心’，耐心，信心。

俗话说：“罗马不是一日建成的”。

要学好英语也不是一朝一夕的事，恒心是首要的，不能持之以恒，做事半途而废的人，是不可能学好英语的。

所以，若有心要攻破英语这个难关，就要坚持了。

另外第二个是耐心，我是深有体会，看见一大堆密密麻麻的英语，又有很懂生词，心里就会烦躁，这时候，我们就要耐心了，一字一句，一笔一划慢慢来，真的觉得学得很累的，听听音乐，或者我就喜欢去操场或者草坪看，抬头看着天空，看看周围的花花草草，心情就开朗了，读起英语来都朗朗上口的。

最后一点是信心。

有句话说得好：“先相信你自己，别人才会相信你”。

就算我们学好了一口流利的英语，但是不敢在众人面前演讲，不敢用英语和别人交流。

那么我们学到的英语就白费了。

大学英语大一下期课文句子翻译

Unit 11. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing.然而，我和艾伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。

2. He probably got as much pleasure out of the sounds the key made as he did those few times when the key actually found its way into the slot.他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多.3. I soon realized that this incident was directly relevant to our assigned tasks in China: to investigate the ways of early childhood education (especially in the arts), and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示了中国人对创造性活动的态度。

4.我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。

With a few exceptions my Chinese colleagues displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel.5.但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。

大学英语学习总结

大学英语学习总结大学英语学习总结范文（精选14篇）转眼间充满意义的学习生活就已结束了，相信你积累了不少学习心得，是时候回头总结这段时间的实习生活，写一份学习总结了。

但是学习总结有什么要求呢？以下是小编整理的大学英语学习总结范文，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

大学英语学习总结篇1在大学的生活里，对于非英语专业的学生来说，英语的学习强度并不高，课程安排少，老师几乎不加以辅导，更别说习题作业了，许多同学都深感到学习英语的茫然和无所适从，而且大学里还需要通过英语四级考试，这对许多学生来说无疑是一个挑战，有的同学学习英语仅仅靠手头的4 、6 级词汇，可是却没有什么显著地效果，尤其是许多同学背词汇根本坚持不下去。

大学生该怎样学英语提高自己的学习效率呢?下面详细讲解大学生学习英语的方法。

首先，大学英语学习不像中学时期有外在“ 压迫” 的条件，线话英语的老师建议考生必须先改变态度，认清情况，主动求学。

每次上课前可预习课文，通读若干遍，直到基本了解文章大意为止。

随时标出新单词，找一本可靠的英汉双解词典，仔细查阅生词和短语，做笔记。

查阅时注意尽量先看词典对该词的英文解释，再看例句，遇到动词或动词短语尤其要注意。

笔记不仅包括释义，例句和搭配也很重要。

这一步耗时越长，效果越显着。

其次，上课应当及时补充笔记，学习中心思想，了解行文结构，欣赏文体风格。

接下来，再朗读文章若干遍，然后整理笔记，主动记忆典型例句。

当然，这并不是说大学英语的学习仅限于书本内容，我们可进行拓展性学习，上网搜索相关主题的英语文章，广泛阅读。

主题相关，则单词多相近，重复几率高，多读几遍，既长见识，又熟单词，更增信心。

如感兴趣，还可自行编辑专题，效果亦佳。

最后大学英语课本是为应付考试的直接有效途径，但要全面提升听、说、读、写能力，还远远不够，就要行灵活变通、寓学于乐的学习方式，全面跟英语亲密接触。

听力，以教程为本，需要精听，即听到完全理解无障碍为止，听五十遍也在所不惜。

大一学英语2（上外版）课文翻译（精读）

学习，中国模式19‎87年的春天，我和妻‎子艾伦带着我们18个‎月大的儿子本杰明在中‎国繁忙的东部城市南京‎居住了一个月，这期间‎我们在研究中国幼儿园‎和小学的艺术教育。

但‎是我和艾伦就中美两国‎教育理念的不同之处所‎得到的最令人难忘的一‎课并不是发生在教室里‎，而是发生在我们在南‎京居住的那个金陵饭店‎的大堂里。

我们房‎间的钥匙被系在一个很‎大的塑料板上，上面写‎着房间号。

当离开饭店‎时，客人被要求上交钥‎匙，要么把钥匙递给服‎务员，要么把它丢进开‎有一个狭缝的盒子里。

‎因为钥匙狭缝很窄，所‎以只有仔细地将钥匙对‎准狭缝才能把钥匙放进‎盒子中去。

本杰明‎喜欢拿着钥匙到处跑，‎边跑边用力甩动。

他也‎喜欢努力去把钥匙放进‎狭缝中。

因为他还年幼‎，不完全理解怎样做才‎能把钥匙放进去，所以‎他总是会失败，然而本‎杰明却一点也不为此事‎而感到苦恼。

他从钥匙‎声响中得到的乐趣大概‎跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地‎塞进槽口而获得的乐趣‎一样多。

当时我和‎艾伦都很乐意让本杰明‎在钥匙狭缝周围猛敲。

‎他探索性的行为似乎百‎无一害。

但不久我便发‎现了一个有趣的现象。

‎任何附近的中国职员总‎会过来看着本杰明，然‎后在他初次尝试失败后‎摇摇头，就试图去帮助‎本杰明一下。

他（她）‎会抓住本杰明的手，温‎柔地但坚定地引导着钥‎匙直指狭缝，必要的时‎候改变一下钥匙的位置‎，帮助他把钥匙插入狭‎缝中去。

这位“老师”‎之后总会笑着看着我们‎，脸上显出几分期待，‎似乎是在等我们说声谢‎谢——并且有时会微微‎皱眉，好像是认为我们‎忽视了父母所应尽的责‎任。

不久我意识到‎这件事与我们被分配的‎在中国进行的任务密切‎相关：去调查儿童启蒙‎教育（尤其是在艺术方‎面）的方式，以帮助理‎解中国人对创造力的态‎度。

因此不久后我便开‎始在同中国教育者们的‎探讨中提及我的‘钥匙‎狭缝轶事’。

两种‎不同的学习方法除‎了少数几个人外，我的‎其余中国同事均和金陵‎饭店的职员持相同的观‎点。

英语学习总结6篇

英语学习总结6篇英语学习总结 (1)1、教师的教学观念陈旧，教学方式方法落后，教学质量不高。

长期以来，相当一部分教师因循“教育就是传授知识”的教育观，“学而优则教”的人才观，这就造成了当前我国农村存在着教学方式方法落后、教学质量不高的问题。

在农村英语教学中教师认为语言就是由语音、词汇、语法等知识构成的综合体系，故教学时重视知识的系统传授和笔头练习，仍沿用传统的英语教学法，采用翻译法，过多的使用汉语进行英语教学。

教师仍然是课堂的中心，老师滔滔不绝地在上面讲，学生不厌其烦地抄笔记，很少注重听说，同时大多农村学校英语教学仅仅依靠每周仅有的几节课堂时间，没有创设良好的英语语言学习和使用环境，忽视学生的英语言语实践，学生学过的英语难以巩固，“听、说”等的应用能力很差，在学习过程中常感到越学越难，越学越枯燥，越学越没兴趣，逐渐丧失了学英语的积极性、主动性和自信心，导致了英语教学质量也不高，运用英语进行交际的能力低，成绩高的学生也往往是“高分低能”，教学成效也不明显。

2、教师整体素质不高，对对教材理解不透。

现在农村中学英语教师中，是正规英语专业毕业的教师很少，加之部分教师是“半路出家”，功底不够扎实，大部分从事英语教学的教师都是非专业的，教学观念还未彻底更新。

《英语新课程标准》强调：教学目的是为交际。

但有些教师还没有领悟课改的实质内涵，仍然用传统的方法进行组织教学，在教学中依然实施着Openyourbook(打开书)——Listentome(听我讲)——Readafterme(跟我读)——Copy(抄写)这一传统的教学模式，很难适应现代新教学目标的要求。

导致目标不明确，重点不突出，将英语条文化，使活生生的语言变成了固定的规则，学生只是或朗读，或做题，或回答问题，使一些学生对学习英语逐渐失去兴趣，差生队伍越排越长。

3、应试成分比较重，素质培养不足当前，无论是农村还是城市中的教育，在这种中考要分数、上级考评要分数、家长要分数、社会看的还是分数的大气候里，教师不得不把分数当成生命，在很大程度上应试教育无疑是一切工作的中心，在“应试教育”中，让从事教育工作的教师们，也渐渐淡漠了对学生素质教育的重视，教师在教学中只注重书本条条框框的理论知识传授和谆谆教导，忽视了学生主体意识的培养，使学生缺乏辩证的思维去对待思想实际和社会实际中存在的问题。

大一英语总结英文版作文

大一英语总结英文版作文英文：As a freshman in college, I have had a lot of new experiences and learned many valuable lessons. One of the biggest challenges for me was adjusting to the new environment and making new friends. I found it difficult at first to connect with people from different backgrounds and cultures, but I soon realized that we all have something in common. For example, I met a classmate from a different country who spoke limited English, but we were able to bond over our love for music and movies.Another important lesson I learned in my first year of college was the importance of time management. With so many classes, assignments, and extracurricular activities, it was easy to feel overwhelmed. I had to learn how to prioritize my tasks and make a schedule that allowed me to balance my academic and social life. For instance, I joined a study group for one of my classes and found that ithelped me stay on top of my assignments while still having time to hang out with friends.In addition, I discovered the value of seeking help when I needed it. Whether it was from a professor, a tutor, or a counselor, I realized that it's okay to ask for assistance when I'm struggling. This was a tough lesson for me to learn, as I've always been independent, but I found that reaching out for help actually made me feel more connected to the college community.Overall, my first year of college has been a rollercoaster of emotions and experiences. I've faced challenges, made new friends, and learned a lot about myself. I'm excited to see what the next three years have in store for me.中文：作为大学新生，我经历了许多新的经验，学到了许多宝贵的教训。

大学英语心得体会5篇

大学英语心得体会5篇（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如工作计划、报告大全、心得体会、规章制度、合同协议、条据文书、事迹材料、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays for everyone, such as work plans, comprehensive reports, reflections, rules and regulations, contract agreements, legal documents, historical materials, teaching materials, comprehensive essays, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample essay formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!大学英语心得体会5篇心得体会是抒发我们内心真实感受的文字，只有认真对待才会有收获，当我们内心积累了很多感悟后，写心得体会就是不错的释放方式，下面是本店铺为您分享的大学英语心得体会5篇，感谢您的参阅。

大一英语课文

Learning a foreign languageLearning a foreign language was one of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life .although at times learning a language was frustrating,it was well worth the effort .My experience with learning a foreign language began in junior middle school,when l took my first English class l had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students .because of this positive method ,l eagerly answered all the questions l could ,never worring much about making mistakes .l was at the top of my class for two years.When l went to senior middle school ,l was eager to continue studying English ;however ,my experience in senior middle school was very difficult from before .while my former teacher had been patient with all of the students ,my new teacher quickly punished those who gave incorrect answers.Whenever we answered incorrectly ,she pointed a log stick at us and ,shaking it up and down,shouted , “No! No! No!” It didn’t take me long to lose my eagerness to answer questions .Not only did l lose my joy in answering questions, but l also lose my desire to say anything at all in English .However,that state didn’t last long . When l went to college,l learned that all students were required to take an English course . unlike my senior middle school teacher ,my college English teachers were patient and kind ,and none of them carried long ,pointed sticks!。

现代大学英语课文重难点句子分析大一下

现代大学英语课文重难点分析Unit 11. You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn’t jump the fence, or that your client doesn’t go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. (P3 pra5)You have to take responsibility for the work you do. If you’re a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you should make sure that the fence you design for instance will successfully keep out bulls. If you become a lawyer, you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client.在配置阿司匹林的时候，确保里面不掺进氰化物；在搞工程设计的时候，确保公牛不会跳进篱笆里；当律师时，确保你的委托人不会因为你的无能而被处以死刑。

2. Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they went to college; rather the college went through them—without making contact. (P4 pra9)A number of such push-button savages get college degrees. We cannot help that. But even with their degrees, we can’t say that these people have received a proper college education. It is more accurate to say that they pass through college without learning anything.我们学校肯定有一些这样的毕业生，但不能说他们接受了大学教育，只能说他们上了大学——没有接触真正的人文思想。

济南大学大一下学期必背英语课文

UNIT 17.We have confidence that your journey toward self-discovery and your progress toward finding your own passion will yield more than personal advancement. We believe that as you become members of our community of scholars, you will soon come to recognize that with the abundant opportunities for self-enrichment provided by the university, there also come responsibilities, A wise man said: "Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another. You are the inheritors of the hard work of your families and the hard work of many countless others who came before you. They built and transmitted the knowledge you will need to succeed. Now it is your turn. What knowledge will you acquire? What passions will you discover?What will you do to build a strong and prosperous future for the generations that will come after you?UNIT 36.For most undergraduates, non-stop Internet connectivity is the fuel of college life. More than just toys, these instruments are powerful tools for the storage and management of virtually every kind of information. And as more people around the world adopt these instruments, they are becoming indispensable. So, students should use the wonders of the Internet to do homework, review lecture outlines, take part in class discussions and network online with visiting with friends. Students should not let the Internet world on their computer screens take them away from the real world outside.12.Colleges around the world have been replacing their computer systems for the decade, in large part to provide students with the most advanced free system anywhere-anytime access has already yielded amazing benefits in education. With the widespread application of computer technologies, we are going to produce a generation of problem-solvers and intelligent thinkers, which is indispensable for the future of the world.UNIT 47. It used to be that the word hero was reserved for those who performed acts of distinct courage beyond the call of duty. A soldier who runs through gunfire to rescue other military personnel is seen as a hero. So are larger–than–life leaders such as Nelson Mandela , who emerged after 27 years of jail, confined in a solitary chamber. He made the choice not to be bitter, and worked hard as South Africa's first black president to establish harmony and helped society reconcile its conflicted past.13.The inspiring stories of heroes help remind us that ordinary people can do extraordinary things, whether it is in the fulfillment of their duties or as part of everyday life. We honor the fireman, the policeman, and the average citizen by recognizing their heroism. Perhaps, evermore importantly, we honor them by workingto change the circumstances that led to their death. By honoring them we can be inspired by them. Will we be heroes when circumstances call on us to act heroically?Hopefully, we will!UNIT 61. There are numerous and reliable ways by which one can measure the impact of loyment on student achievement, and we used several in our research. We compared the grades of students whoyaib a great deal with those who work in limited amounts or not at all. We also cont asted workers with non-workers, on differentindicators of their commitment to education. Additionally, we followed students over time as they increased or decreased their work hours, and we assessed how different patterns of employment altered school performance and engagement.4.Whereas it is true that more disengaged students are more likely to work long hours to begin with, it appears that working makes a marginal situation worse. In other words,over time, the more students work the less committed to school they become.When students withdraw from the labor force or cut back on their work hours,however,the results are striking: Their interest in schools is generated anew This then is good news: The negative effects of working on schooling are not permanent.UNIT 76. Like the Lincoln tale, every society has stories stressing the absolute value of honesty It is these stories that students need to remember when temptation induces them to cheat. Whether discovered or not, dishonesty has an undesirable effect on anyone who practices it. Equally importantly, the ill effects are not confined to the dishonest person alone. Without trust, ordered societies would descend into chaos. It's important thatwe do what we say we will do, pay when we say we will, and create words that are our own. Perhaps the most important lesson our schools can teach is that we must trust each other. When honesty disappears, the affirmative, durable bonds of trust are eliminated and we all lose. The future of our society depends on mutual trust.。

大一学英语2(上外版)课文翻译(精读)

学习，中国模式1987年的春天，我和妻子艾伦带着我们18个月大的儿子本杰明在中国繁忙的东部城市南京居住了一个月，这期间我们在研究中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育。

但是我和艾伦就中美两国教育理念的不同之处所得到的最令人难忘的一课并不是发生在教室里，而是发生在我们在南京居住的那个金陵饭店的大堂里。

我们房间的钥匙被系在一个很大的塑料板上，上面写着房间号。

当离开饭店时，客人被要求上交钥匙，要么把钥匙递给服务员，要么把它丢进开有一个狭缝的盒子里。

因为钥匙狭缝很窄，所以只有仔细地将钥匙对准狭缝才能把钥匙放进盒子中去。

本杰明喜欢拿着钥匙到处跑，边跑边用力甩动。

他也喜欢努力去把钥匙放进狭缝中。

因为他还年幼，不完全理解怎样做才能把钥匙放进去，所以他总是会失败，然而本杰明却一点也不为此事而感到苦恼。

他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。

当时我和艾伦都很乐意让本杰明在钥匙狭缝周围猛敲。

他探索性的行为似乎百无一害。

但不久我便发现了一个有趣的现象。

任何附近的中国职员总会过来看着本杰明，然后在他初次尝试失败后摇摇头，就试图去帮助本杰明一下。

他（她）会抓住本杰明的手，温柔地但坚定地引导着钥匙直指狭缝，必要的时候改变一下钥匙的位置，帮助他把钥匙插入狭缝中去。

这位“老师”之后总会笑着看着我们，脸上显出几分期待，似乎是在等我们说声谢谢——并且有时会微微皱眉，好像是认为我们忽视了父母所应尽的责任。

不久我意识到这件事与我们被分配的在中国进行的任务密切相关：去调查儿童启蒙教育（尤其是在艺术方面）的方式，以帮助理解中国人对创造力的态度。

因此不久后我便开始在同中国教育者们的探讨中提及我的‘钥匙狭缝轶事’。

两种不同的学习方法除了少数几个人外，我的其余中国同事均和金陵饭店的职员持相同的观点。

既然大人们知道如何把钥匙放进钥匙狭缝里，这也正是使钥匙靠近狭缝的最终目的，既然孩子既不足够大也不足够聪明完全靠自己去实现这个想要的结果，让他自己如此挣扎他可能会得到什么呢？他可能会变得沮丧，很生气——这当然不是我们想要的一个结果。

大一综合英语课文讲解1~3段

In fact, however, almost nothing in recent years has excited more debate or awakened a greater polarity of views than the vaguely all-embracing issue that has come to be known as political correctness. 然而事实上，后来被称为 “政治纠偏”的· 这个貌似无所不包的概念，在近些年里所引起的争论、所造成的意见相左，却无出其右。
Subject clause Predicative clause
只是，当读者为了弄清这词语的出处而劳神查看注释时，他们会发现，几乎所有这些过分谨慎的措辞，包括上面所举的例子，都是两位作者凭空杜撰的。
excessively: adv. 过度地；过分地；极度地那儿的冬天一向不太冷。 Eg: It is never excessively cold in winter there. 医生劝他不要过饮酒。 Eg: The doctor advised him not to drink excessively. terminology : n. 专门名词，术语学，用辞分歧的缘起在于专门用语使用的不同。 Eg: The disagreement arose over a different use of terminology
现在，马里兰州的居民们再看到这句话时，应该这样理解：“行有刚强之气，言有柔和之美。”
表示将来的表达方法有哪些?
will, be doing, be going to, be to do, be about to do的区别 will 侧重于确信某事会发生 be to do 侧重意志,计划,安排(含双方事先约好的意思) be going to 侧重打算,想法, be about to 表最近的将来,后面不接时间状语 be doing 侧重于已安排好的事情

新标准大学英语1课文翻译

新标准⼤学英语1课⽂翻译UNIT1AR1 ⼤⼀新⽣⽇记星期⽇从家⾥出发后，我们开车开了很长⼀段时间才到达我住的宿舍楼。

我进去登记。

宿舍管理员给了我⼀串钥匙，并告诉了我房间号。

我的房间在6楼，可电梯坏了。

等我们终于找到8号房的时候，妈妈已经涨红了脸，上⽓不接下⽓。

我打开门锁，我们都⾛了进去。

但爸爸马上就从⾥⾯钻了出来。

这个房间刚刚够⼀个⼈住，⼀家⼈都进去，肯定装不下。

我躺在床上，不动弹就可以碰到三⾯墙。

幸亏我哥哥和我的狗没⼀起来。

后来，爸爸妈妈就⾛了，只剩下我孤零零⼀个⼈。

周围只有书和⼀个箱⼦。

接下来我该做什么？星期⼀早上，有⼀个为⼀年级新⽣举办的咖啡早茶会。

我见到了我的导师，他个⼦⾼⾼的，肩膀厚实，好像打定了主意要逗⼈开⼼。

“你是从很远的地⽅来的吗？”他问我。

他边说话边晃悠脑袋，咖啡都洒到杯托⾥了。

“我家离爱丁堡不太远，开车⼤约6个⼩时，”我说。

“好极了！”他说，接着⼜⾛向站在我旁边的那个⼥孩⼉。

“你是从很远的地⽅来的吗？”他问。

但不等那⼥孩⼉作出任何回答，他就说到，“好极了！”然后就继续向前⾛。

他啜了⼀⼝咖啡，却惊讶地发现杯⼦是空的。

妈妈打来电话。

她问我是不是见到了导师。

星期⼆我觉得有点⼉饿，这才意识到我已经两天没吃东西了。

我下楼去，得知⼀天三餐我可以在餐厅⾥吃。

我下到餐厅排进了长队。

“早餐吃什么？”我问前⾯的男⽣。

“不知道。

我来得太晚了，吃不上早餐了。

这是午餐。

”午餐是⾃助餐，今天的菜谱是鸡⾁、⽶饭、⼟⾖、沙拉、蔬菜、奶酪、酸奶和⽔果。

前⾯的男⽣每样⼉都取⼀些放到托盘上，付了钱，坐下来吃。

我再也不觉得饿了。

妈妈打电话来。

她问我有没有好好吃饭。

星期三早上9点钟我要去听⼀个讲座。

我醒时已经8:45了。

竟然没有⼈叫我起床。

奇怪。

我穿好⾐服，急匆匆地赶到⼤讲堂。

我在⼀个睡眼惺忪的⼥⽣旁边坐下。

她看了看我，问：“刚起床？”她是怎么看出来的？讲座进⾏了1个⼩时。

结束时我看了看笔记，我根本就看不懂⾃⼰写的字。

大一第二学期英语课文翻译

第一单元课文A 学习的过程1 我们今天之所以存在，人类文明之所以能不断进步，是因为我们有学习的能力。

我们必须长期重视这种观念，因为考虑到人类正在经历的各种问题，可以说我们仍然有许多东西要学。

2 人们到底是如何学习的？让我们暂且回顾一下一些基本常识。

3我们可以通过读书来学习。

作为一名学生或一位学者，你必须大量阅读。

然而人们能否真正地学以致用？4 除了年轻人似乎想以不同于老年人的方式学习之外，什么是学习成功的重要因素？学习必须是活跃的，必须回应人们之间的相互作用。

书籍或者旨在促进互相作用的自学录像，只能获得有限的结果。

5 借助计算机的培训法试图活跃学习过程，目前已经初见成效。

然而，它还是忽略了一个环节，我们的情绪。

如果我们不能开放自己，积极接受新信息，我们还不能丰富自己。

6 即使是学习具体的知识，我们也必须有感情投入。

只有当你受到刺激时，你才会有完成一系列复杂思考的渴望。

如果这种情况不出现，那么你仅仅是在完成任务而不是丰富你自己。

7 教师或培训者对你的印象会大大影响你的学习成效，所以你应该向你的老师、培训者和你自己积极表现你自己。

8 如果你真正喜欢学习提高，依赖自我反省的指导过程是非常重要微妙而又艰难的。

自我反省充满了由你的潜意识造成的陷阱。

回顾他人，他人的工作会由于偏见而被轻易地扭曲。

9 学习实际上是个“学习——忘掉——再学习”地过程。

这个过程看似一次变动，因而有时使人感到恐惧。

人们一般不喜欢变动，因为变动似乎意味着离开他们的根，这会使他们思想不稳定。

我们已经发现，稳定和自信对你自己是多么的重要。

10 “学习——忘掉——再学习”的过程是为了充实你自己。

充实意味着提高，提高意味着发生了变化。

让我们把这个连续的过程叫做进化。

11 通过进化，我们会越来越了解这个已经存在了千万年的世界。

通过进化，我们就会发现一个简单的事实，即我们还有很多东西要学。

第二单元课文A 记忆力的奥秘1 一些人有着非凡的记忆力。

根据2001年的吉尼斯世界纪录，德国的戈特·米纯只用四秒钟看27个数字列表就能记住所有数字。

大学英语期末个人总结

大学英语期末个人总结时间像流水一样，不知不觉中，一个学期就要结束了。

在大学我认识了一帮新同学，很多新老师，结识了很多新的朋友，也学到了很多。

关于个人总结我从以下几个方面做简单的总结。

首先，在学习方面，我的态度还算认真，作业都是自己经过思考完成的，即使有时来不及完成也会向老师说明，下次补上，决不以抄袭来应付老师。

学期开始时，早、晚自习我基本保持不迟到，在这个学期内早、晚自习从不缺勤。

后来我申请了晚自修在图书馆自修，每天都会提前比晚自习一个小时左右的时间去图书，自习结束后，我一般会留图书馆继续自习，用这种方法来提高时间利用律。

在提高英语听力方面，我主要是坚持每天晚上睡觉前和早上起来听半个小时的英语听力材料或课文的朗读材料，也确实感觉有效果。

口语方面，注重平常生活中对英语的使用，创造英语学习环境。

闲暇时间，如果有讲座，我一般回去听讲座，来拓宽自己的视野和见闻。

其次，在工作方面，我在班内担任生活委员。

一开始，我以为没什么事做，可后来才发现，原来生活委员的工作也很多，每天最起码要去一次综合楼的收发室，拿同学们的信件和学校的报纸，有时候还要通知同学们学校最近的通知和活动，以及一些竞赛的安排。

更重要的是，作为一个班的生活委员，掌管着班里的班费，负责班里（本工作总结来源于）的日常开销和班级集体活动的经费预算，还有账目管理。

刚开始接管班费时，我被琐碎的账目搞的很头痛，有点不知所措，但后来细细梳理，把班级的每次开销都做整理与记录，一段时间后我也就适应了。

在和其他班委共同工作的同时，注重并积极向其他班的班委们学习经验，参与班级的活动讨论和策划，使班里的活动正常有序的进行。

一个学期下来，我感觉自己总体上工作做的还不错，每月我们都会召开班级例会，大家一起开开心心的聚在一起，促进彼此的感情和友谊。

我们班实行签到制，而且每天早上都要对同学们的出勤情况做记录，该工作由班委负责。

在班级活动组织方面，我和其他班委一起配合，开展了主题班会、秋季外出旅游活动、爱国宣传活动等，丰富了同学们的课余生活，也增进了同学们之间的相互了解，同时增进了彼此之间的友谊。

大学英语教师教学工作总结(3篇)

大学英语教师教学工作总结本学期，本人任教大学两个班的英语教学工作。

这两个班学生英语基础很差，学生整体惰性很强，自觉性很差。

给教学带来很大的难度。

作为一直从事中学英语教学的我，虽了解到了一些教学教法，但在实际的教育教学中，我深深感觉到教中学英语之难之累，真是“苦在其身，乐在其心”！为使今后的教学工作取得更大进步，现对本学期的教学工作作一总结。

一、学习课标，明确教学目标为了使我的英语教学适》进行了研读，了解了目前英语课程改革的目的、掌握了目前英语改革的重点、明确了英语课程各级的总目标和各内容的分级目标、理解了英语教学原则、学会了一些科学评价原则等，从而为后面的教学提供了充分的依据、奠定了的扎实的基础、保证了教学的顺利进行。

二、扎实备课，理清教学思路备课是课堂教学的重要环节，我在备课时做到了以下几点：1、课前备课，做到“有备而来”。

我认真阅读各种教科参书，既备教材、教法，又备学生。

结合学生的实际和教材的内容，既要考虑知识的纵向联系，又要考虑新知的横向衔接；既要突出重点，又要突破难点；既要体现出完整的教学过程，又要注意好各环节的过渡自然。

并制作了各种有趣的教具，如：单词卡片等教具为课堂教学做好准备。

2、课中备课，灵活安排简单易操作的游戏活动。

我通过游戏引入新课教学时，为了不打消学生的积极性，我在实施教学的时候，总是尽量设计一些简单易操作的游戏及活动，将教学内容层层铺开，把枯燥乏味的课堂变为生动有趣“快乐堡”，让他们在快乐中学习，在玩中获得新知，通过反复的趣味操练（如：唱、演、玩、画、涂色、做手工等形式）来巩固所学新知。

充分调动了学生们的情感态度和兴趣，学生的积极性得到了充分发挥，教学效果良好。

3、课后备课，总结教学经验。

每上完一单元，我都及时对该单元作出总结和反思，探讨该单元的不足之处，为以后的教学工作打下基础。

三、认真上课，体现以人为本《英语课程标准》提出“让学生在教师的指导下，通过感知、体验、实践、参与和合作等方式，实现任务的目标，感受成功。

大学英语第一册课文翻译

大学英语第一册课文翻译新编大学英语（第二版）第一册阅读文参考译文 Unit One 以生命相赠 1炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。

在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而他们却落在了一所有传教士们办的小孤儿院内。

2传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，她的双腿被炸伤。

3几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。

救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。

他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。

如果不立即采取行动，显然她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。

4他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要相配血型的血。

快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适，而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有相配的血型。

5这位医生会讲一点越南语，忽视会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。

孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。

医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。

接着问他们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。

6对医生和护士的请求，孩子们（只是）瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。

此时小病人生命垂危。

然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。

过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。

7 8 9“噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。

“你叫什么名字？” “兴，”小男孩回答道。

兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。

在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。

10过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。

11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。

12兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。

医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴又摇了摇头。

13 但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。

他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴想竭力忍住哭泣。

大一考试必看(全)新编大学英语1课文内容

The Gift of Life1.The bombs landed in the small village. Nobody knows what these bombs were supposed to hit during the terrible Vietnam War, but they landed in a small orphanage run by a missionary group.[2]The missionaries and one or two children were killed, and several children were wounded, including one young girl, about 8 years old, who suffered wounds to her legs.[3]A couple of hours later, medical help arrived. The medical help was a young American Navy doctor and an equally young Navy nurse. They quickly found one young girl to be very badly injured, and it was clear that without immediate action, she would die from loss of blood and shock.[4]They saw that she had to have blood, but their limited supplies did not include plasma, so a matching blood type was required. A quick blood typing showed that neither American had the correct blood type. Several of the uninjured orphans did.[5] The doctor spoke a little Vietnamese, and the nurse spoke a little high-school French. The children spoke no English but some French. Using what little common language they could find, together with a lot of sign language, they tried to explain to these frightened children that unless they could give some blood to their little friend she would certainly die. Then they asked if anyone would be willing to give blood to help.[6] Their request was met with wide-eyed silence. Their little patient's life hung in the balance. Yet they could only get the blood if one of these frightened children would agree to give it. After several long moments, a little hand slowly went up, dropped back down, and a moment later went up again.[7] "Oh, thank you," the nurse said in French. "What is your name?"[8] "Heng," came the reply.[9] Heng was quickly laid on a bed, his arm cleaned with alcohol, and the needle inserted into his arm. Through all of this Heng lay stiff and silent.[10] After a moment, he let out a long sob, quickly covering his face with his free hand.[11] "Is it hurting, Heng?" the doctor asked.[12] Heng shook his head silently, but after a few moments another sob escaped,and again he tried to cover up his crying. Again the doctor asked him if the needle in his arm was hurting, and again Heng shook his head.[13] But now his occasional sob turned to a steady, silent crying, his eyes held tightly shut, his fist in his mouth trying to stop his sobs.[14] The medical team now was very worried because the needle should not have been hurting their tiny patient. Something was obviously very wrong. At this point, a Vietnamese nurse arrived to help, and seeing the little one's tears, spoke rapidly in Vietnamese, listened to his reply, and quickly answered him again. Moving over to pat his head as she talked, her voice was gentle and kind.[15] After a moment, the little boy stopped crying, opened his eyes, and looked questioningly at the Vietnamese nurse. When she nodded, a look of great relief spread over his face.[16] Looking up, the Vietnamese nurse said quietly to the Americans, "He thought he was dying. He misunderstood you. He thought you had asked him to give all his blood so the little girl could live."[17] "But why would he be willing to do that?" asked the Navy nurse.[18] The Vietnamese nurse repeated the question to the little boy, who answered simply, "She's my friend."[19] Greater love has no man than this, that he lay down his life for a friend. (595 words)Love Thy Neighborby Andy Rooney[1] It seems to me that neighbors are going out of style in America. The friend next door from whom you borrowed four eggs or a ladder has moved, and the people in there now are strangers.[2] Some of the old ideas about neighbors are probably silly, and it may be just as wellthat our relations with our neighbors are changing. The religious teaching to "Love Thy Neighbor" was probably a poor translation of what must have originally been "Respect Thy Neighbor".Love doesn't exist just because we want it to.[3] Fewer than half the people in the United States live in the same house they lived in five years ago, so there's no reason to love the people who live next door to you just because they happened to buy a house next door to yours. The only thing neighbors have in common to begin with is being close, and unless something more develops, thatisn’t reason enoughto be best friends. It sometimes happens, but the chancesare very small that your neighbors will be your choice as friends. Or that you will be theirs, either.[4] The best relationship with neighbors is one of friendly distance. You say hello, you sometimes talk if you see them in the yard, you discuss problems and you help each other when help is needed. The bushes or the fence between you is not a cold shoulder, but a clear boundary. We all like clearly defined boundaries for ourselves.[5] If neighbors have changed, neighborhoods have not. They still have the same parts. If you live in a real neighborhood you can be sure most of the following people will be found there:－One family with more children than they can take care of.－A dogthat gets into garbage cans.－One big, beautiful home with a family so rich that they really aren't part of the neighborhood.－A bad child who steals or sets fire to things, although no one has ever been able to prove it.－People who leave their Christmas lights up until March.－Someone who doesn't cut their grass more than twice a summer.－Someone who cuts their grass twice a week and one of the times always seems to be Sunday morning at 7:30.－A family that never seems to turn off any lights in the house.－A teenager who plays the radio too loud in the summer with the windows open.－Someone who leaves their barking dog out until 11:30 most nights.－One mystery couple. They come and go but hardly anyone ever sees them and no one knows what they do.－A couple that has loud parties all the time with guests that take an hour to leave once they get outside and start shouting good-bye to each other.－Someone who doesn't pull the shades.[6] It is easier to have a longing about a past neighborhood than about a past community, but a community is probably a better unit. A neighborhood is just a group of people who live close together, but a community is a group of people who put aside their own concerns to get some important things done for a larger group. (529 words)We All Need Friendsby Melinda Marshall[1] Having good old friends is a good thing, but making new ones can be even better. No matter what age we are, all of us appreciate the support and help which friends give us. The help may be for only a small thing, or it may be for something that could save our life. The size of the help or support is not really the most important thing, but the fact of having friends is very important.[2] I've just made a new friend, Joan. She's not just another person I can talk with or wave to as we pass one another on the street, but a good friend. She is someone who will go out with me for lunch, or drop by my home for a cup of tea. She is someone who will listen and make me feel understood the next time I may feel sad or worried for no apparent reason.[3] This is no small matter for me. I barely have enough time or energy to keep up with my old friends, let alonemake new ones. But, as I grow older -- and I am now 35 years old -- it is important to me to have a safety net of friends. Holes keep opening up in the net as old friends move away. I've got to spend the energy now to include new friends.[4] Making friends is a lot like dating after a terrible breakup. You hesitate and drag your feet because you can't believe you have to start over again. But when you do, it's not half as hard as you thought it would be, and it's twice as rewarding as you might have hoped.[5] For example, I almost didn't meet Joan who is now one of my best friends. Wewere at the city swimming pool, waiting for our 5-year-old sons to finish their swimming lessons. Joan was reading a book that I had read for my book club, and I wanted to say something, but didn't. It was almost as if I'd lost the ability to say hello.[6] In the locker room we were together again as our sons got dressed and ready to go home. I said, mostly to her back, "What do you think of Amy Tan's writing?" She turned around, and like a teenager, I blushed. "Oh," she said, "I'm really enjoying The Bonesetter's Daughter. I read Joy Luck Club, and she's been my favoritewriter since then."[7] We talked after the next two lessons, compared our reading lists, and chased our sons out of the dressing room again. By the fifth swimming lesson, we arranged to spend a day together shopping in the city. That's pretty wild, don't you think for a person of my age?[8] I didn't always choose my friends. For years, I let fate choose them for me.A new job, a new city, an expensive apartment made me be friends with people I'd never have said hello to otherwise. But, as I grew older I grew impatient with some of my friends, and I decided that accidental relationships don't always survive changes in life. Those types of friends don't often help you during life's difficult times when you really need help.[9] We can be ourselves with our friends, and that is a wonderful thing; too preciousa gift to deny other friends. It really doesn't take that much time, or that much effort to share the gift of making friends. (573 words)11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111Special Delivery[1] Arriving at the airport, I discovered that my brother's flight had been delayed for an hour. Usually when I wait around the airport to meet a flight, I pass the time by watching planes land and take off, but that evening I had a bad headache.I thought the noise of jet engines might make it worse, so I decided to walk around inside the airport for a while.[2] As I was walking by the shops, I happened to see a display of flight bags, which reminded me of my briefcase. I realized that I was not carrying it now. Quickly I tried to remember where I might have left it. Knowing that I had not stopped anywhere since I left the airline ticket counter, I concluded I must have put itdown there. I hurried back to get it, but my briefcase was nowhere in sight. At first I was sure that somebody had just walked off with it, but then I realized there was a chance that whoever found it might have turned it in at the counter, I waited in line for my turn at the counter and then I described the briefcase and asked if by any chance it had been turned in. The agent shook his head. Then I glanced over his shoulder at the conveyor belt that was moving baggage from the check-in counter down to the loading area and I shouted, "There it is!" But just as the agent turned to look, the briefcase reached the end of the conveyor belt and vanished from view .[3] "Did you see your briefcase?" the agent asked.[4] "Yes!" I exclaimed. "It just went through that opening over there. How can I get it back now?"[5] "That's no problem," replied the agent. "Just give me your baggage claim check and I think we can catch it before it's loaded on a flight."[6] "But I don't have a claim check!" I replied. "I didn't check it! I'm not going anywhere. I'm just here to meet a flight." Calming myself down a bit, I explained what had happened and suggested that the bag had probably been turned in at the counter where one of the agents had checked it with other baggage and placed it on the conveyor belt.[7] The agent told me that the only way he could find it would be to have a claim form with a description of what the briefcase looked like. By the time I filled out the form and the agent called down to the baggage area, the briefcase had already been loaded on one of the flights, but they didn't know which one. The agent took my phone number and promised they would call as soon as they found the briefcase. Even though I lived in Sioux City, which was an hour-and-a-half drive away, they would deliver it to my address as soon as they got it back.[8] My brother's flight arrived and, after getting his suitcases, we headed for my car in the parking lot. During the drive home I told him all about the briefcase. When we got home and were unloading the car, I could hardly believe my eyes when my brother took a briefcase out of the car. The briefcase I thought I had lost had never been taken into the airport! It had been on the floor in the back seat. I realized that at that moment the airline people were checking each piece of baggage on their Denver, St. Louis and Chicago flights, looking for my briefcase. The thought of having to call and tell them I had found it in my car was painful.[9] As we walked in the house the telephone was ringing. Answering it, I was shocked when an airline worker said, "We have good news for you! We found your briefcase in Denver. It should be here by eleven o'clock and will be delivered to you shortlyafter midnight." ( 657 words)Memory and the Human Brain[1]Is it possible to know exactly how memory works in humans and other intelligent animals? Some people believe that it never will be. But some scientists, who are studying the function of the brain and its relationship to memory, do not share this view.[2]It is now well known that memory, like other brain functions, is located in specific parts of the brain in humans. These parts may be identified and their location in the brain may be established. They work together in both short-term and long-term memory. Although scientists have not yet fully studied the brain, much progress has been made. One day the mind will be described fully both in biological and mental terms.[3]Some people claim that they can recall things which happened many years ago. Have you ever had the same experience? The fact is, these long-term memories are very accurate in detail and can be compared to a movie in the brain. Once we start the movie going, we experience the entire memory. This movie in the mind (brain) is the reason why we have a sense of self. We know who we are and we know that we exist.[4]Try to think of something like a long poem, a joke, or a song you learned in early elementary school. If you remember it, you can often repeat the entire poem or song in quite accurate detail. You will often remember the reason why you were asked to learn this poem or song. It may have been for a show to which families were invited, or it may have been a pleasant holiday meeting where your parents asked you to tell them what you had learned.[5]However, sometimes you cannot even remember the details of things that are part of your short-term memory. This happens when you are required to remember many things, and especially if you do not feel well, or if you are not well rested.[6]All of us have "learned" facts which we thought would help us do well on an exam in school. But often, when we tried to recall the facts, we could not, or we could think of only a little of what we thought we had learned.[7]Have you ever experienced anything like this: you were to call a good friend, but you couldn't recall the telephone number? You were shopping in the grocery storefor your mother, but you couldn't remember exactly what you were expected to get for her. Even when things have been learned well in our memory, we find that we cannot recall them when we need them. It may be that ten minutes later, or the next day, our memory will tell us what these things were, but it is true that the memory is not always perfect. Of course it is possible to train ourselves to remember things better. This usually involves repeating the facts to ourselves, or even writing them a few times until they are easily remembered.[8]Memory allows us to remember facts, see them in the light of new information, and make decisions that are important to us. It would be nice if it were always perfect, and it will be nice when we know even more about how memory works on a biological and mental basis. ( 548 words)The Benefits of Forgetting[1]We have all wished, at some time or other, for a perfect memory. We want to be able to remember things in exact detail. It's too bad that we forget so much that we have learned in school and at home. How can we make a realistic opinion of ourselves if our recall of the past is neither accurate nor complete?[2]Yet a perfect memory is not always as good as one might suppose. There was the story about a Russian journalist, S. He could remember long lists of numbers and words and many pages of a telephone book after seeing them for only a few seconds. He could repeat these lists both forward and backward, even after many years had passed. He also remembered the conditions under which he had first learned the material.[3]S. used various memory "tricks" to help his memory. Many of these tricks involved forming mental pictures. But you shouldn't envy him, for he had a serious problem: he could not forget. Those mental pictures kept coming to his mind. They distracted him and made it difficult for him to concentrate. At times he even had trouble holding a simple conversation because the other person's words would make him recall memories of other things. In fact, he was described as rather dull. At last, S. was unable to work at his job. He supported himself by traveling from place to place as a "memory expert", showing off his abilities for people. There have been other examples of people with this sort of memory problem. They come from many different countries and use many different languages.[4]Perhaps you still think a perfect memory would be a good thing to have. Imagine, then, for a moment, what it would be like to remember everything. Each time you recalled the past, you would remember not only the jewels of experience but the worthless stones as well. Remembering might take hours instead of moments. Theconfusion in your mind might grow beyond your ability to organize it well. With a perfect memory, you might also remember things that may be best forgotten. Would you really want to recall every angry quarrel, every mistake you've made, every painful moment of your life? How would total recall affect your relationships with family and friends? Could it be that the success of a close relationship depends on a certain amount of forgetting? Could it be that self-confidence and optimism are only possible if we lock some bad memories in a back drawer of memory, and stop thinking about them? If you keep all these things in mind, you can understand why a perfect memory is not the best type of memory to have.[5]Like remembering, a certain degree of forgetting helps us to lead a normal life. Where is the line between helpful forgetting and harmful forgetting? If you had the choice, what would you choose to remember more clearly, and what would you allow to disappear from your memory? Think about it. ( 503 words)111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111Communication Without Words[1)When you learn a foreign language you must learn more than just the vocabulary and the grammar. To communicate successfully in speech, you must also learn the nonverbal language, or "body language," of that culture. "Body language" is a term used to describe facial expressions, gestures, and other movements of the body that send messages. This means of communication is so important that we may actually say more with our movements than we do with words.[2] Speaking a foreign language is sometimes difficult because we may not understand the nonverbal signals of another culture, or they may mean something very different from what they mean in our own culture. For example, nodding the head up and down is a gesture that communicates a different message in different parts of the world. In North America, it means "I agree." In the Middle East, nodding the head down means "I agree" and up means "I disagree." In a conversation among Japanese, it often simply means "I am listening." One Japanese student in the United States learned the difference the hard way. While speaking with a salesman, the student nodded his head politely to show that he was paying attention. The next day the salesman brought a new washing machine to the student's apartment.[3]Eye contact is also very meaningful, but it, too, can mean different things in different countries. In some Spanish-speaking countries, children show respect to an older person by not looking directly into the person's eyes during a conversation. In other countries, looking into a person's eyes is expected. For example, if you don't do it in the United States, people may think that you are afraid, embarrassed, or angry.[4] In many places in the world there are two basic gestures that are used to tell someone to come closer. In Asia, the sign is a wave of the hand while curling the fingers downward, the same way some North Americans wave good-bye to children. North Americans make almost the same gesture to tell someone to come closer, but they curl their fingers upward. Visitors to other countries must be aware of the difference or they may send the wrong message.[5] Although we rarely think about it, the distance that we stand from someone duringa conversation is also an important part of communication. Generally, North Americans prefer more space than do Latin Americans and people from the Middle East. At an international meeting a pair of diplomats may move slowly across a room as one of them tries to increase the personal conversation distance and the other tries to decrease it. The person who prefers more distance usually loses the fight when he finds himself with his back against the wall.[6] Although we spend many years learning how to speak a foreign language, misunderstandings can occur unless we also know the nonverbal language and the correct behavior of that culture. We are not really prepared to communicate in a foreign language unless we know whether to shake hands or bow, when to sit and stand, and how to behave in unfamiliar situations. Perhaps a fifth skill ought to be added to the four traditional communication skills of reading, writing, speaking, and listening: cultural awareness. ( 535 words)Learn How to Listen[1] Bad listening habits can hurt you a lot in your daily life. Much of your success, both in your work and social life, is related to how you listen. A number of major industries and more than twenty leading colleges have become very concerned about our bad listening habits. They have set up "listening clinics" and courses to find out what is wrong—and what to do about it![2] My own experience as a teacher in one of these clinics has taught me that many people who seem to be listening miss important points. Therefore, they draw wrong conclusions from what is said. That is a serious problem when you consider our attitudes toward other people and success on the job.[3] What are the faulty hearing habits that hurt us in so many ways? Here are some of the more common ones I've observed in a close study of my many clinic students.[4] Our minds won't wait. Our thoughts can race along from four to ten times faster than most people speak. So while we are waiting to hear someone's words, our thoughts tend to wander. And sometimes they remain away too long.[5] We think we know already. We're so sure we know what the speaker is going to say that we listen with just "half an ear."[6] We're looking, not listening. How often in introductions has a name failed to stick because your mind was on the way someone looked or acted? For the same reason, and far more often than you may think, other information fails to come through.[7] We are busy listeners. We try to listen while giving part of our attention toa newspaper, or a radio or TV program. Outside noises also bid for a share of our attention. No wonder we don't really "hear."[8] These are some of the common listening faults. Fortunately, with little effort, you can correct any of them. I suggest these three ways to help make you a better listener.[9] Learn to concentrate. It's an important part of listening. Practice such games as "Take 2, plus 3, minus 5, plus 4, times 2, minus 6—what's the answer?" Similar exercises are used in listening-training courses.[10] Cut out distractions. Resolve to put aside the newspaper and stop half-listening to a radio or TV program when someone is trying to talk to you.[11] Repeat instructions. Practice repeating instructions and directions correctly. Unless you can do so, you obviously will not be able to carry them out properly.[12] Good listening isn't easy. Hearing, understanding, and remembering take a great deal of energy. It is hard to listen properly and do anything else at the same time. But good listening pays off.[13] If you recognize and correct any listening faults that may be hurting you, good things may happen. You may listen your way to closer friendships and better relations with your family. You may also get larger paychecks and be more successful in life. ( 492 words)How to Talk to Anyone, Anytime, Anywhere[1] The ability to talk well is one of the greatest pleasures in life and can bring with it some of life's greatest rewards. It is not always easy. But the more you work at it, the easier it will become. There are six basic things to keep in mind if you wish to be able to talk to anyone, anytime, anywhere.[2] First of all, you don't have to be quotable. Most of the time, people are not expecting deep words of wisdom from you. They will not be waiting to record what you say. Therefore, just open your mouth and start talking. Hopefully it will be interesting enough for people to listen.[3] Secondly, the right attitude—the will to talk—is essential to becoming a better talker. Try to be enthusiastic about talking with people. They will respond positively to your enthusiasm and you will find that you really do become enthusiastic. On the other hand, it is easy for others to notice if you have no enthusiasm for talking with them, and they, in turn, will respond negatively.[4] A third point to remember is that you should take turns. Careful listening makes you a better talker. Also good follow-up questions are the mark of a good conversationalist. One way everyone learns is by listening. The more you learn, the better prepared you are to be a good conversationalist.[5] A fourth essential point is that you should try to broaden your horizons. The best conversationalists are able to talk about issues and experiences beyond their daily lives. You can expand your world through travel, but you can also do it without leaving your own home. Of course, you can learn from reading. However, an essential thing to remember is that people with backgrounds different from your own can broaden your conversational material and your thinking.[6] A fifth point to remember is that you should not keep your conversation too serious for too long. A sense of humor is helpful and you can lighten a conversation by sometimes telling a joke about yourself.[7] Last, you should be genuine when in conversation with others. You should be as open and honest with your conversation partners as you would want them to be with you. You should be willing to reveal what your background is and what your likes and dislikes are. That is an essential part of the "give-and-take" of conversation, part of getting to know people, and their getting to know you. Just be honest about yourself, and you won't go wrong.[8] Whether you're talking to one person or many, the rules are the same. It's all about making a connection. Show empathy, enthusiasm and a willingness to listen, and you can't help becoming a master of talk. ( 460 words)111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111Fresh Start[1] I first began to wonder what I was doing on a college campus when my parents。