07 被动语态精讲-2020年高考英语语法突破真题精讲+课件

Look at the following pictures and please tell me what happened to the man.

An unlucky man

The man is punched. The man was kicked.

The man is scratched. The man is bitten.

1.被动语态是高考英语学习的重要语法项目之一，它的结构和用法比较复杂，也

很容易出现很多的陷阱题，是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点。

2.被动语态在高考中经常和时态一起考察，一般出现1-2 题，分值1-2 分。除了直

接在语法填空、短文改错中考到，写作中也会用到，另外，在阅读理解中正确理解被动语态的含义也非常重要。

3.在英语中，被动语态使用得比汉语要普遍，因此被动语态在英语中极为重要。许多课本

及考试乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到被动语态。

被动语态

动词语态的概述动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系

主动语态

表示主语是动作的执

行者或发出者

He wrote a novel.

(主语

he 是动作wrote 的执行者)

被动语态

表示主语是动作的承

受者

A novel was written by him.

(主语A novel 是动作的承受者)

【即学即练】

找到下列句子的主语，并判断是动作的执行者还是承受者。

1.Someone met him at the station this morning.

主语：，是(动作的执行者还是承受者).

2.He was met at the station this morning.

主语：，是(动作的执行者还是承受者).

被动语态的构成(肯定句、否定句、疑问句)

一.一般现在时的被动语态

观察变化后的两个句子，总结被动语态的动词形式：

被动语态（be done）

被动语态be字变过去分词跟后面

I wash clothes.

We speak Chinese every day. Chinese We speak every day.

看图组句子：参考下页图片

二.一般过去时的被动语态

The bridge was built last year.

The road was repaired last year.

The thieves were caught by police.

看图组句子：肯定句、否定句、疑问句

三.一般将来时的被动语态

四.现在进行时的被动语态

What’s my grandpa doing?

一般将来时的被动语态：

will/shall be + done ; be going to be done

五.其他时态的被动语态

六.小结

【即学即练】

1.

Paper money (use)for over a thousand years.

2.The fire ＿＿＿＿(get)to the fifth floor. All the people＿＿＿＿（save).

3.Till now, three films ＿＿＿＿(show)in that small village this month.

4.Would you please keep silent? The weather report＿＿＿＿＿＿(broadcast)（正在播放）and I want to listen.

5.My sister is working in the power factory that ＿＿＿(build)for just one year.

6.The problem＿＿＿＿＿＿(discuss)tomorrow.

7.He said that work ＿＿＿＿＿＿(finish).

8.The baby should be ＿＿＿＿＿＿（take）good care of by the baby-sitter.

9.NO SMOKING should＿＿＿＿＿＿(see) in the stores even in many parts of the city.

10.Many interesting experiences ＿＿＿＿＿＿(carry)out these days.

特殊形式的被动语态

1.含有情态动词的被动

being不能省略

2.含有双宾语的被动

【即学即练】

My mom has bought me an iPhone.

I .

An iPhone .

3.表里不一的代表

“一感”“二听”“三让”“五看”

主动to字要离去，被动to字要回府。

feel hear/listen to make/let/have see/look/watch/notice/observe

【即学即练】

标出下列句子的成分，并将句子改为被动语态

1.We can w rite letters in English.

2.Parents should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes.

3.You must clean your bedroom every day.

4.I heard him sing a song.

主动表被动

①系动词:描述主语特征，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。

注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较：The door won’t lock.（指门本身有毛病）

The door won’t be locked.（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）

②表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例：How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何出来的呢？

③be +under/ in 等介词+名词