2016年高考上海卷(含答案)

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2016年高考数学上海卷理数(解析版)

已知 a∈R,函数 f(x)=log2 1 + .
(1)当 a=5 时,解不等式 f(x)>0; (2)若关于 x 的方程 f(x)-log2[(a-4)x+2a-5]=0 的解集中恰好有一个元素,求 a 的取值范围;
(3)设
a>0,若对任意
t∈
1 2
,1
,函数
f(x)在区间[t,t+1]上的最大值与最小值的差不超过
13.(2016 上海,理 13)设 a,b∈R,c∈[0,2π),若对任意实数 x 都有 2sin
3
-
π 3
=asin(bx+c),则满足条件的
有序实数组(a,b,c)的组数为
.
答案 4 a=±2,b=±3,当 a,b 确定时,c 唯一,故有 4 种组合.
14.
(2016 上海,理 14)如图,在平面直角坐标系 xOy 中,O 为正八边形 A1A2…An 的中心,A(1,0),任取不同的
3
(2016 上海,理 16)下列极坐标方程中,对应的曲线为右图的是( ) A.ρ=6+5cos θ B.ρ=6+5sin θ C.ρ=6-5cos θ D.ρ=6-5sin θ
答案 D 依次取θ=0,π2,π,32π,
结合图形可知只有ρ=6-5sin θ满足,选 D. 17.(2016 上海,理 17)已知无穷等比数列{an}的公比为 q,前 n 项和为 Sn,且 lim Sn=S,下列条件中,使得
当 a1<0 时,qn<12,从而 q2<12,选 B.
18.(2016 上海,理 18)设 f(x)、g(x)、h(x)是定义域为 R 的三个函数,对于命题:①若 f(x)+g(x)、f(x)+h(x)、 g(x)+h(x)均为增函数,则 f(x)、g(x)、h(x)中至少有一个增函数;②若 f(x)+g(x)、f(x)+h(x)、g(x)+h(x)均是以 T 为周期的函数,则 f(x)、g(x)、h(x)均是以 T 为周期的函数,下列判断正确的是( ) A.①和②均为真命题 B.①和②均为假命题 C.①为真命题,②为假命题 D.①为假命题,②为真命题答案 D 因为 f(x)=

[VIP专享]2016年高考试题(上海卷)——数学(理)(含答案)

2016 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
上海数学试卷（理工农医类）
一、填空题（本大题共有 14 题，满分 56 分）考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得 4 分，否则一律得零分.
1、设 x R ,则不等式 x 3 1 的解集为______________________ 2、设 Z 3 2i ，期中 i 为虚数单位，则 Im z =______________________
3
a,b, c的组数为.
14.如图，在平面直角坐标系 xOy 中，O 为正八边形 A1A2 A8 的中心，
A11,0.任取不同的两点 Ai , Aj ，点 P 满足 OP OAi OAj 0 ，则点
1
P 落在第一象限的概率是. 2、选择题（5×4=20）
15.设 a R ，则“ a 1 ”是“ a2 1”的（）
i 3、已知平行直线 l1 : 2x y 1 0, l2 : 2x y 1 0 ，则 l1, l2 的距离_______________
4、某次体检，6 位同学的身高（单位：米）分别为 1.72,1.78,1.75,1.80,1.69,1.77 则这组数据的中位数是 _________（米）
8、在 3 x 2 n 的二项式中，所有项的二项式系数之和为 256，则常数项等于_________ x
9、已知 ABC 的三边长分别为 3,5,7，则该三角形的外接圆半径等于_________
10、设关于
x,
y
的方程组
ax y
x
by
1 1
无解，则
a
b
的取值范围是____________
3
7、方程 3sin x 1 cos 2x 在区间 0,2 上的解为___________

2016年高考理科数学(上海卷) Word版含解析

2016年上海高考数学（理科）真题一、解答题（本大题共有14题，满分56分）1. 设x ∈R ，则不等式31x -<的解集为________________ 【答案】(2,4)【解析】131x -<-<，即24x <<，故解集为(2,4)2. 设32iiz +=，其中i 为虚数单位，则Im z =_________________【答案】3-【解析】i(32i)23i z =-+=-，故Im 3z =-3. 1l :210x y +-=, 2l :210x y ++=, 则12,l l 的距离为__________________【解析】d ==4. 某次体检，6位同学的身高（单位:米）分别为1.72,1.78,1.75,1.80,1.69,1.77，则这组数据的中位数是___ （米）【答案】1.765. 已知点(3,9)在函数()1x f x a =+的图像上，则()f x 的反函数1()f x -=____________【答案】2log (1)x -【解析】319a +=，故2a =，()12x f x =+∴2log (1)x y =-∴12()log (1)f x x -=-6. 如图，在正四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -中，底面ABCD 的边长为3，1BD 与底面所成角的大小为2arctan 3，则该正四棱柱的高等于____________________【答案】【解析】BD =, 123DD BD =⋅=7. 方程3sin 1cos 2x x =+在区间[0,2π]上的解为________________【答案】π5π,66x =【解析】23sin 22sin x x =-，即22sin 3sin 20x x +-=∴(2sin 1)(sin 2)0x x -+=∴1sin 2x =∴π5π,66x =8. 在2nx ⎫⎪⎭的二项式中，所有项的二项式系数之和为256，则常数项等于_______________ 【答案】112【解析】2256n =， 8n =通项88433882()(2)r rr r r rC xC x x--⋅⋅-=-⋅取2r =常数项为228(2)112C -=9. 已知ABC 的三边长为3,5,7，则该三角形的外接圆半径等于________________【解析】3,5,7a b c ===，2221cos 22a b c C ab +-==-∴sin C =∴2sin c R C ==10. 设0,0a b >>，若关于,x y 的方程组11ax y x by +=⎧⎨+=⎩无解，则a b +的取值范围是_____________ 【答案】(2,)+∞【解析】由已知，1ab =，且a b ≠，∴2a b +>=11. 无穷数列{}n a 由k 个不同的数组成，n S 为{}n a 的前n 项和，若对任意*n ∈N ，{2,3}n S ∈，则k 的最大值为___________ 【答案】412. 在平面直角坐标系中，已知(1,0)A , (0,1)B -, P 是曲线y BP BA ⋅的取值范围是____________【答案】[0,1【解析】设(cos ,sin )P αα, [0,π]α∈，(1,1)BA = , (cos ,sin 1)BP αα=+πcos [0,1sin 1)14BP BA ααα⋅=+++∈+13. 设,,a b ∈R , [0,2π)c ∈，若对任意实数x 都有π2sin(3)sin()3x a bx c -=+，则满足条件的有序实数组(,,)a b c 的组数为______________ 【答案】4【解析】(i)若2a =若3b =，则5π3c =；若3b =-，则4π3c =(ii)若2a =-，若3b =-，则π3c =；若3b =，则2π3c =共4组14. 如图，在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，O 为正八边形128A A A 的中心，1(1,0)A ，任取不同的两点,i j A A ，点P 满足0i j OP OA OA ++=，则点P 落在第一象限的概率是_______________【答案】528 【解析】285528C =二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分）15. 设a ∈R ，则“1a >”是“21a >”的( )A. 充分非必要条件B. 必要非充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既非充分也非必要条件【答案】A16. 下列极坐标方程中，对应的曲线为右图的是( ) A. 65cos ρθ=+ B. 65sin ρθ=+ C. 65cos ρθ=- D. 65sin ρθ=- 【答案】D【解析】π2θ=-时，ρ达到最大17. 已知无穷等比数列{}n a 的公比为q ，前n 项和为n S ，且lim n n S S →∞=，下列条件中，使得*2()n S S n <∈N 恒成立的是( )A. 10a >, 0.60.7q <<B. 10a <, 0.70.6q -<<-C. 10a >, 0.70.8q <<D. 10a <, 0.80.7q -<<- 【答案】B【解析】1(1)1n n a q S q-=-, 11a S q =-, 11q -<<2n S S <，即1(21)0n a q -> 若10a >，则12nq >，不可能成立若10a <，则12nq <，B 成立18. 设(),(),()f x g x h x 是定义域为R 的三个函数，对于命题:①若()()f x g x +，()()f x h x +，()()g x h x +均为增函数，则(),(),()f x g x h x 中至少有一个为增函数；②若()()f x g x +，()()f x h x +，()()g x h x +均是以T 为周期的函数，则(),(),()f x g x h x 均是以T 为周期的函数，下列判断正确的是( )A. ①和②均为真命题B. ①和②均为假命题C. ①为真命题，②为假命题D. ①为假命题，②为真命题【答案】D【解析】①不成立，可举反例2,1)1(3,x x f x x x ≤-+>⎧=⎨⎩, 03,023,21()1,x x x x x x g x ≤-+<+⎧≥=<⎪⎨⎪⎩, 0(0)2,,x h x x x x -=≤>⎧⎨⎩②()()()()f x g x f x T g x T +=+++()()()()f x h x f x T h x T +=+++ ()()()()g x h x g x T h x T +=+++前两式作差，可得()()()()g x h x g x T h x T -=+-+ 结合第三式，可得()()g x g x T =+, ()()h x h x T =+ 也有()()f x f x T =+ ∴②正确故选D三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分74分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤． 19. （本题满分12分）将边长为1的正方形11AA O O （及其内部）绕1OO 旋转一周形成圆柱，如图， AC 长为23π，11A B 长为3π，其中1B 与C 在平面11AA O O 的同侧 (1) 求三棱锥111C O A B -的体积(2) 求异面直线1B C 与1AA 所成角的大小【解析】(1) 连11O B ，则 111113AO A B B π∠== ∴111O A B 为正三角形∴111O A B S =∴111111113C O A B O A B V OO S -=⋅=(2) 设点1B 在下底面圆周的射影为B ，连1BB ，则11BB AA ∥ ∴1BB C ∠为直线1B C 与1AA 所成角（或补角）111BB AA == 连,,BC BO OC113AB A B π==, 23AC π= ∴ 3BCπ=∴3BOC π∠=∴BOC 为正三角形 ∴1BC BO ==∴11tan 1BCBB C BB ∠== ∴145BB C ∠=︒∴直线1B C 与1AA 所成角大小为45︒20．（本题满分14分）有一块正方形菜地EFGH , EH 所在直线是一条小河，收货的蔬菜可送到F 点或河边运走。

2016年高考真题——理科数学(上海卷)-Word版内含答案

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海数学试卷（理工农医类）一、填空题（本大题共有14题，满分56分）考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分.1、设x R ∈,则不等式13<-x 的解集为______________________2、设iiZ 23+=，期中i 为虚数单位，则Im z =______________________ 3、已知平行直线012:,012:21=++=-+y x l y x l ，则21,l l 的距离_______________4、某次体检，6位同学的身高（单位：米）分别为1.72,1.78,1.75,1.80,1.69,1.77则这组数据的中位数是_________（米）5、已知点(3,9)在函数xa x f +=1)(的图像上，则________)()(1=-x fx f 的反函数6、如图，在正四棱柱1111D C B A ABCD -中，底面ABCD 的边长为3，1BD 与底面所成角的大小为32arctan ，则该正四棱柱的高等于____________7、方程3sin 1cos2x x =+在区间[]π2,0上的解为___________8、在nx x ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-23的二项式中，所有项的二项式系数之和为256，则常数项等于_________9、已知ABC ∆的三边长分别为3,5,7，则该三角形的外接圆半径等于_________ 10、设.0,0>>b a 若关于,x y 的方程组11ax y x by +=⎧⎨+=⎩无解，则b a +的取值范围是____________11.无穷数列{}n a 由k 个不同的数组成，n S 为{}n a 的前n 项和.若对任意*∈N n ，{}3,2∈n S ，则k 的最大值为.12.在平面直角坐标系中，已知A （1,0），B （0，-1），P 是曲线21x y -=上一个动点，则BA BP ⋅的取值范围是.13.设[)π2,0,,∈∈c R b a ，若对任意实数x 都有()c bx a x +=⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-sin 33sin 2π，则满足条件的有序实数组()c b a ,,的组数为.14.如图，在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，O 为正八边形821A A A 的中心，()0,11A .任取不同的两点j i A A ,，点P 满足0=++j i OA OA OP ，则点P落在第一象限的概率是.二、选择题（5×4=20）15.设R a ∈，则“1>a ”是“12>a ”的（）（A ）充分非必要条件（B ）必要非充分条件（C ）充要条件（D ）既非充分也非必要条件 16.下列极坐标方程中，对应的曲线为右图的是（）（A ）θρcos 56+= （B ）θρin s 56+= （C ）θρcos 56-= （D ）θρin s 56-=17.已知无穷等比数列{}n a 的公比为q ，前n 项和为n S ，且S S n n =∞→lim .下列条件中，使得()*∈<N n S S n 2恒成立的是（）（A ）7.06.0,01<<>q a （B ）6.07.0,01-<<-<q a （C ）8.07.0,01<<>q a （D ）7.08.0,01-<<-<q a18、设()f x 、()g x 、()h x 是定义域为R 的三个函数，对于命题：①若()()f x g x +、()()f x h x +、()()g x h x +均为增函数，则()f x 、()g x 、()h x 中至少有一个增函数；②若()()f x g x +、()()f x h x +、()()g x h x +均是以T 为周期的函数，则()f x 、()g x 、()h x 均是以T 为周期的函数，下列判断正确的是（）A 、①和②均为真命题B 、①和②均为假命题C 、①为真命题，②为假命题D 、①为假命题，②为真命题三、解答题（74分）19.将边长为1的正方形11AAO O （及其内部）绕的1OO 旋转一周形成圆柱，如图，AC 长为23π，11A B 长为3π，其中1B 与C 在平面11AAO O 的同侧。

2016年上海英语高考试题(含答案)

绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 学.科.网11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. 学科.网Class Diary (June 13-19)□13SUN□14MON 17 for after-class activity application□15TUE□16WED Handing in three student 18Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Who is Sue Walter?She is 21 in court and a writer. What is Sue ’s suggestion for people with difficulties?22 In Sue ’s eyes, what is the best part about her job?23 in decision-making. What does Sue think happiness is?24II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother ’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out? When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn ’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was. 学.科网(B) □17THU Basketball Club meeting Time:12:45—1:30pm Place: The 19 □18FRI Filling in a form with up-to-date personal data Time: 20 break Place: The computer room □19SATStress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accountB. adjustableC. appliancesD. captureE. decorationsF. directG. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeezeGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的) thinking. When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinishedsattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Eart h’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Parispromises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water anddrive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets everyfive years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a declineof up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push bylow-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could savethem from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of theway to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal informatio n have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situa tion isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A six-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far Eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at anyone time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up”escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

2016年高考英语真题试卷(上海卷)

2016年高考英语真题试卷（上海卷）一、语法填空。

(共2题；共32分)1．（16分）阅读短文，根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，必要时进行词形变化。

(A)Bags of LoveLast year,I was assigned to work at an office near my mother's house,so I stayed with her for a month.During that time,I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week,I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly—we were always suddenly out of something.(wonder)how my mum could consume them so quickly,I began observing her daily routine for two weeks.To my surprise,I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine.Eventually,I decided to follow her and happened truly amazed me.She was taking the food to the refugee camp,inshe distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area.The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother.Then it hit me—why would she not want to tell me about what she(do)?Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop(buy)the groceries if I found out?When she got home,I told her about my discovery.she could react,I gave her a big hug and told her she didn't need to keep it a secret me.She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets.For years,my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare.I was so impressed by selfless she was. 2．（16分）语法填空。

2016年高考试题(英语)上海卷含答案

绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she”in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem”gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions domake a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Ear th’s changingatmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Somecountries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the ParisAgreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just nowhow much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initialParis promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities underwater and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targetsevery five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) anddrive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.℃℃could save them from sinking.℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40%of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.℃℃C. 2℃℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Comm ittee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and cond itions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know p eople worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come backand bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies wil l use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal in formation have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up”escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

2016年上海市高考数学试卷(理科)-含答案详解

……○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________……○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）数学（理科）副标题考试范围：xxx ；考试时间：100分钟；命题人：xxx题号一二三总分得分注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I 卷（选择题）一、单选题（本大题共4小题，共20.0分。

在每小题列出的选项中，选出符合题目的一项）1. 设a ∈R ，则“a >1”是“a 2>1”的( ) A. 充分不必要条件 B. 必要不充分条件 C. 充要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件2. 下列极坐标方程中，对应的曲线为如图所示的是( )A. ρ=6+5cosθB. ρ=6+5sinθC. ρ=6−5cosθD. ρ=6−5sinθ3. 已知无穷等比数列{a n }的公比为q ，前n 项和为S n ，且lim n→∞S n =S ，下列条件中，使得2S n <S(n ∈N ∗)恒成立的是( )A. a 1>0，0.6<q <0.7B. a 1<0，−0.7<q <−0.6C. a 1>0，0.7<q <0.8D. a 1<0，−0.8<q <−0.74. 设f(x)、g(x)、ℎ(x)是定义域为R 的三个函数，对于命题：①f(x)+g(x)、f(x)+ℎ(x)、g(x)+ℎ(x)均为增函数，则f(x)、g(x)、ℎ(x)中至少有一个增函数；②若f(x)+g(x)、f(x)+ℎ(x)、g(x)+ℎ(x)均是以T 为周期的函数，则f(x)、g(x)、ℎ(x)均是以T 为周期的函数，下列判断正确的是( )A. ①和②均为真命题B. ①和②均为假命题C. ①为真命题，②为假命题D. ①为假命题，②为真命题第II 卷（非选择题）二、填空题（本大题共14小题，共56.0分）5. 设x ∈R ，则不等式|x −3|<1的解集为．6. 设z =3+2ii，其中i 为虚数单位，则z 的虚部是______ ． 7. 已知平行直线l 1：2x +y −1=0，l 2：2x +y +1=0，则l 1，l 2的距离．8. 某次体检，6位同学的身高(单位：米)分别为1.72，1.78，1.75，1.80，1.69，1.77，则这组数据的中位数是 (米)．9. 已知点(3,9)在函数f(x)=1+a x 的图象上，则f(x)的反函数f −1(x)= ______ ．10. 在正四棱柱ABCD −A 1B 1C 1D 1中，底面ABCD 的边长为3，BD 1与底面所成角的大小为arctan 23，则该正四棱柱的高等于______．11. 方程3sinx =1+cos2x 在区间[0,2π]上的解为．12. 在(√x 3−2x )n 的二项式中，所有的二项式系数之和为256，则常数项等于． 13. 已知△ABC 的三边长分别为3，5，7，则该三角形的外接圆半径等于． 14. 设a >0，b >0，若关于x ，y 的方程组{ax +y =1x +by =1无解，则a +b 的取值范围为______ ．15. 无穷数列{a n }由k 个不同的数组成，S n 为{a n }的前n 项和，若对任意n ∈N ∗，S n ∈{2,3}，则k 的最大值为．16. 在平面直角坐标系中，已知A(1,0)，B(0,−1)，P 是曲线y =√1−x 2上一个动点，则BP ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅BA ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 的取值范围是．17. 设a ，b ∈R ，c ∈[0,2π)，若对任意实数x 都有2sin (3x −π3)=asin(bx +c)，则满足条件的有序实数组(a ，b ，c)的组数为________．18. 如图，在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，O 为正八边形A 1A 2…A 8的中心，A 1(1,0)，任取不同的两点A i ，A j ，点P 满足OP ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +OA i ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +OA j ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =0⃗ ，则点P 落在第一象限的概率是______ ．……○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________……○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………三、解答题（本大题共5小题，共74.0分。

2016年上海高考秋考语文试卷和答案

绝密★启封并使用完毕前试题类型：2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海语文一、阅读 80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。

（17分）考据、批评与欣赏朱光潜①把快感、联想当作美感，是一般人的误解。

有一种误解是学者们所特有的，就考据和批评当作欣赏。

②拿我在国外大学读的莎士比亚这门功课来说，英国的教授整年地讲“版本的批评”；莎士比亚的某部剧本在那一年印第一次“四折本”，哪一年印第一次“对折本”，各有几次梵音，某一个字在第一次“四折本”怎样写，后来在“对折本”，里又改成什么样……自然他们不仅讲这一样，对来源和作者生平也很重视：莎士比亚大概度过些什么书？《哈姆雷特》是根据哪些书写的？他和戏院和同行的关系如何？“哈姆雷特是不是作者现身说法？……为了解决这些问题，学者们个个埋头于灰封虫咬的故纸堆中，寻找片纸只字以为至宝。

③这些功夫都属于中国人说的“考据学”。

这门课的教授只做这种功夫，对我们也只讲他研究的那一套。

至于学生能否欣赏剧本本身，他并不过问。

从美学观点来说，我们该如何看待这种考据工作呢？④考据所得的是历史知识，可以帮助欣赏，却不是欣赏本身。

欣赏之前要有了解。

只就欣赏说，版本、来源以及作者生平都是题外事，因为美感经验全在欣赏形象本身。

但就了解说，这些历史的知识却非常重要，要了解《洛神赋》，就不能不知道曹植和甄后的关系；要了解《饮酒》诗，就不能不先考定原本中到底是“悠然望南山”还是“悠然见南山”。

⑤但若只了解而不能欣赏，则没有走进文艺的领域。

通常富于考据癖的学者难免犯两种错误。

第一种错误是穿凿附会。

他们以为作者字字有来历，便拉史实来附会它。

他们不知道艺术是创造的，虽然可以受史实的影响，却不必完全受其支配。

第二种错误是因考据之后，便袖手旁观，不肯染指，而我是饕餮汉，对于考据家的苦心孤诣虽十二分地敬佩、感激，但我认为，最要紧的事还是伸箸把菜取到口里来咀嚼，领略领略它的滋味。

⑥在考据学者们自己看来，考据就是一种文学批评，但是一般人所谓的文学批评，意义实不仅如此。

2016年高考试题(政治)上海卷解析版

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）政治一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

一、单选选择题（共90分，每题3分。

每题只能选一个选项）1.习近平总书记始终强调：人民对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标。

这是因为中国共产党（）A.是我国的执政党B.以全心全意为人民服务为宗旨C.以工农联盟为基础D.是社会主义现代化建设的根本保证【答案】B【解析】中国共产党把人民对美好生活的向往作为自己的奋斗目标，这是由党的性质和宗旨决定的，故B符合题意；A与题意不构成因果关系；以工农联盟为基础指的是我国的人民民主专政，C项错误；坚持党的领导地位，坚持人民民主专政是社会主义现代化建设的根本保证，D项错误。

故选B【考点定位】共产党的宗旨【名师点睛】本题考查中国共产党的宗旨。

在学习中国共产党的相关知识时，要注意以下几个方面：中国共产党不是国家机关、不能履行国家职能、不是依法行政是依法执政、它与各民主党派的关系不是监督与被监督的关系，而是互相监督的关系。

2.在我国，由选民直接选举产生的是（）A.全国人大代表B.上海市闵行区人大代表C.湖南省人大代表D.广西壮族自治区人大代表【答案】B【解析】我国的选举方式是直接选举和间接选举相结合的。

现阶段，全国、省、自治区、直辖市和设区的市、自治州的人大代表实行间接选举；不设区的市、市辖区、县、自治县、民族乡、镇的人大代表实行直接选举。

故B 是直接选举，符合题意；ACD都是间接选举，与题意不符。

故选B。

【考点定位】民主选举【名师点睛】本题考查人大代表的选举方式。

在明确这个知识的基础上，我们还要明确不同的选举方式各有利弊，我们不能笼统地说哪种方式更好，必须从多个角度认识影响选举方式的因素，并学会用历史发展的辩证观点分析、判断、理解我国的选举方式的选择。

3.以下代表全国人大行使最高监督权的是A.十二届全国人大一次会议根据国家主席习近平的提名，决定国务院总理的人选B.十二届全国人大二次会议审查、批准2014年国民经济和社会发展计划C.十二届全国人大三次会议听取、审议最高人民法院的工作报告D.十二届全国人大四次会议审议《中华人民共和国慈善法（草案）》【答案】C【解析】人大的监督权是指监督宪法和法律的实施，监督“一府两院”工作的权力，故C符合题意；A是任免权的体现；B是决定权的体现；D是立法权的体现，都与题意不符。

2016年高考(上海卷)及答案

2016年高考（上海卷）及答案2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海语文注意事项：1.本试卷分第卷(选择题)和第卷(非选择题)两部分.2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置.3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效.4.考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回.一、阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。

（17分）考据、批评与欣赏朱光潜把快感、联想当作美感，是一般人的误解。

有一种误解是学者们所特有的，就考据和批评当作欣赏。

拿我在国外大学读的莎士比亚这门功课来说，英国的教授整年地讲版本的批评；莎士比亚的某部剧本在那一年印第一次四折本，哪一年印第一次对折本，各有几次梵音，某一个字在第一次四折本怎样写，后来在对折本，里又改成什么样……自然他们不仅讲这一样，对来源和生平也很重视：莎士比亚大概度过些什么书？《哈姆雷特》是根据哪些书写的？他和戏院和同行的关系如何？哈姆雷特是不是现身说法？……为了解决这些问题，学者们个个埋头于灰封虫咬的故纸堆中，寻找片纸只字以为至宝。

这些功夫都属于中国人说的考据学。

这门课的教授只做这种功夫，对我们也只讲他研究的那一套。

至于学生能否欣赏剧本本身，他并不过问。

从美学观点来说，我们该如何看待这种考据工作呢？考据所得的是历史知识，可以帮助欣赏，却不是欣赏本身。

欣赏之前要有了解。

只就欣赏说，版本、来源以及生平都是题外事，因为美感经验全在欣赏形象本身。

但就了解说，这些历史的知识却非常重要，要了解《洛神赋》，就不能不知道曹植和甄后的关系；要了解《饮酒》诗，就不能不先考定原本中到底是悠然望南山还是悠然见南山。

但若只了解而不能欣赏，则没有走进文艺的领域。

通常富于考据癖的学者难免犯两种错误。

第一种错误是穿凿附会。

他们以为字字有来历，便拉史实来附会它。

他们不知道艺术是创造的，虽然可以受史实的影响，却不必完全受其支配。

2016年高考英语上海卷(含详细答案)

英语试卷第1页（共36页）英语试卷第2页（共36页）绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I 卷（第1-11页）和第II 卷（第12页），全卷共12页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

第Ⅰ卷（共103分）I. Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious. C. It is old-fashioned. D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th.D. On August 8th. 3. A. A waiter.B. A butcher.C. A porter.D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office.D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat. C. She wasn’t interested in the show. D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast. C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast. D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard.B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again. 9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day.B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online. 10. A. Its ending is not good enough.B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. $1. B. $2. C. $3.D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1 000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account. 13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Free education. B. A sum of money. C. Donations from a local newspaper. D. Gifts from many people. 15. A. Let students in before school. B. Offer ice cream and coffee. C. Introduce a bank into the campus. D. Reduce the traffic jams around. 16. A. It lacks positive news. B. It should grow into a big city. C. It is a place worth living in. D. It remains peaceful and quiet.-------------在--------------------此--------------------卷--------------------上--------------------答--------------------题--------------------无--------------------效----------------姓名________________ 准考证号_____________Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly—we were always suddenly out of something. (25) _______ (wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26) ________ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27) ________ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me—why would she mot want to tell me about what she (28) ________ (do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29) ________ (buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30) ________ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31) ________ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32) ________ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress (33) ________ (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress (34) ________ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35) ________ (good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though, further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36) ________ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37) ________, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or (38) ________ (annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better (39) ________ (control) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12, etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40) ________ (get) ill.英语试卷第3页（共36页）英语试卷第4页（共36页）Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlyGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 .More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose.Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.Form follows emotion.This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational（理性的）thinking. When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian（专制的）managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment（授权）has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation（委托）much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called英语试卷第5页（共36页）英语试卷第6页（共36页）Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Y eah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered ①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②,②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys.④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because_______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that “Patty Poem” leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions（排放）from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to theinitial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastalcities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissionstargets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought（干旱）and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement,after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limitingtemperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, puttingus 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrialage.英语试卷第7页（共36页）英语试卷第8页（共36页）70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71.If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what wouldhappen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperaturerise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark（认证标记）to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “We need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt,who gave evidence to the committee,says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolv rge collections of personal information have become valuable only recently,he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently given permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because_______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation!C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion（拥堵）英语试卷第9页（共36页）英语试卷第10页（共36页）at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travellers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity（容量）at the height of the rush hour.A six-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far Eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times. It could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travellers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing” side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any one time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4m high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5m to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2 500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3 250 during the research period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?________________________________________________________________________ 79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?________________________________________________________________________ 80. The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least_________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up”escalators will be used for__________.第Ⅱ卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

上海高考物理高考试卷含答案

2016年高考上海卷物理试题一.单项选择题共16分,每小题2分;每小题只有一个正确选项;1.卢瑟福通过对α粒子散射实验结果的分析,提出了原子内部存在A电子 B中子 C质子 D原子核2.一束单色光由空气进入水中,则该光在空气和水中传播时A速度相同,波长相同 B速度不同,波长相同C速度相同,频率相同 D速度不同,频率相同3.各种不同频率范围的电磁波按频率由大到小的排列顺序是Aγ射线、紫外线、可见光、红外线 Bγ射线、红外线、紫外线、可见光C紫外线、可见光、红外线、γ射线 D红外线、可见光、紫外线、γ射线4.如图,顶端固定着小球的直杆固定在小车上,当小车向右做匀加速运动时,球所受合外力的方向沿图中的AOA方向 BOB方向COC方向 DOD方向5.磁铁在线圈中心上方开始运动时,线圈中产生如图方向的感应电流,则磁铁A向上运动B向下运动C向左运动D向右运动6.放射性元素A经过2次α衰变和1次β衰变后生成一新元素B,则元素B在元素周期表中的位置较元素A的位置向前移动了A1位B2位C3位D4位7.在今年上海的某活动中引入了全国首个户外风洞飞行体验装置,体验者在风力作用下漂浮在半空;若减小风力,体验者在加速下落过程中A失重且机械能增加B失重且机械能减少C超重且机械能增加D超重且机械能减少8.如图,一束电子沿z轴正向流动,则在图中y轴上A点的磁场方向是A+x方向B-x方向C+y方向D-y方向二.单项选择题共24分,每小题3分;每小题只有一个正确选项;9.在双缝干涉实验中,屏上出现了明暗相间的条纹,则A中间条纹间距较两侧更宽 B不同色光形成的条纹完全重合C双缝间距离越大条纹间距离也越大 D遮住一条缝后屏上仍有明暗相间的条纹10.研究放射性元素射线性质的实验装置如图所示;两块平行放置的金属板A、B分别于电源的两极a、b连接,放射源发出的射线从其上方小孔向外射出;则Aa为电源正极,到达A板的为α射线 Ba为电源正极,到达A板的为β射线Ca为电源负极,到达A板的为α射线 Da为电源负极,到达A板的为β射线11.国际单位制中,不是电场强度的单位是AN/C BV/m CJ/C Ds12.如图,粗细均与的玻璃管A 和B 由一橡皮管连接,一定质量的空气被水银柱封闭在A 管内,初始时两管水银面等高,B 管上方与大气相通;若固定A 管,将B 管沿竖直方向缓慢下移一小段距离H ,A 管内的水银面高度相应变化h ,则A h =HB h <2HC h =2HD 2H <h <H13.电源电动势反映了电源把其它形式的能量转化为电能的能力,因此A 电动势是一种非静电力B 电动势越大,表明电源储存的电能越多C 电动势的大小是非静电力做功能力的反映D 电动势就是闭合电路中电源两端的电压14.物体做匀加速直线运动,相继经过两端距离为16 m 的路程,第一段用时4 s,第二段用时2 s,则物体的加速度是 A 22m/s 3B 24m/s 3C 28m/s 9D 216m/s 915.如图,始终竖直向上的力F 作用在三角板A 端,使其绕B 点在竖直平面内缓慢地沿顺时针方向转动一小角度,力F 对B 点的力矩为M ,则转动过程中A M 减小,F 增大B M 减小,F 减小C M 增大,F 增大D M 增大,F 减小16.风速仪结构如图a 所示;光源发出的光经光纤传输,被探测器接收,当风轮旋转时,通过齿轮带动凸轮圆盘旋转,当圆盘上的凸轮经过透镜系统时光被挡住;已知风轮叶片转动半径为r ,每转动n 圈带动凸轮圆盘转动一圈;若某段时间Δt 内探测器接收到的光强随时间变化关系如图b 所示,则该时间段内风轮叶片A 转速逐渐减小,平均速率为4πΔnr t B 转速逐渐减小,平均速率为8πΔnr t C 转速逐渐增大,平均速率为4πΔnr t D 转速逐渐增大,平均速率为8πΔnr t三.多项选择题共16分,每小题4分;每小题有二个或者三个正确选项;全选对的,得4分；选对但不全的,得2分；有选或不答的,得0分;17.某气体的摩尔质量为M ,分之质量为m ;若1摩尔该气体的体积为V m ,密度为ρ,则该气体单位集体分子数为阿伏伽德罗常数为N A AA m N VB m M mVC A ρN MD A ρN m 18.如图所示电路中,电源内阻忽略不计;闭合电建,电压表示数为U ,电流表示数为I ；在滑动变阻器R1的滑片P由a端滑到b端的过程中A U先变大后变小B I先变大后变小C U与I比值先变大后变小D U变化量与I变化量比值等于R319.如图a,螺线管内有平行于轴线的外加匀强磁场,乙图中箭头所示方向为其正方向;螺线管与导线框abcd相连,导线框内有一小金属圆环L,圆环与导线框在同一平面内;当螺线管内的磁感应强度B随时间按图b所示规律变化时A在t1~t2时间内,L有收缩趋势B在t2~t3时间内,L有扩张趋势C在t2~t3时间内,L内有逆时针方向的感应电力D在t3~t4时间内,L内有顺时针方向的感应电力20.甲、乙两列横波在同一介质中分别从波源M、N两点沿x轴相向传播,波速为2m/s,振幅相同；某时刻的图像如图所示;则A甲乙两波的起振方向相反B甲乙两波的频率之比为3:2C再经过3s,平衡位置在x=7m出的质点振动方向向下D再经过3s,两波源间不含波源有5个质点位移为零四.填空题共20分,每小题4分;本大题中第22题为分叉题,分A、B两类,考生可任选一类答题;若两类试题均做,一律按A类题积分;21.形象描述磁场分布的曲线叫做____________,通常___________的大小也叫做磁通量密度;22A、B选做一题22A.如图,粗糙水平面上,两物体A、B以轻绳相连,在恒力F作用下做匀速运动;某时刻轻绳断开,A在F牵引下继续前进,B最后静止;则在B静止前,A和B组成的系统动量_________选填：“守恒”或“不守恒“;22B.两颗卫星绕地球运行的周期之比为27:1,则它们的角速度之比为__________,轨道半径之比为___________;23.如图,圆弧形凹槽固定在水平地面上,其中ABC是位于竖直平面内以O为圆心的一段圆弧,OA与竖直方向的夹角为α;一小球以速度从桌面边缘P水平抛出,恰好从A点沿圆弧的切线方向进入凹槽;小球从P到A的运动时间为____________;直线PA与竖直方向的夹角β=_________;24.如图,质量为m的带电小球A用绝缘细线悬挂于O点,处于静止状态;施加一水平向右的匀强电场后,A向右摆动,摆动的最大角度为60°,则A受到的电场力大小为 ; 在改变电场强度的大小和方向后,小球A的平衡位置在α=60°处,然后再将A的质量改变为2m,其新的平衡位置在α=30°处,A受到的电场力大小为 ;25.地面上物体在变力F作用下由静止开始竖直向上运动,力F随高度随高度x的变化关系如图所示,物体能上升的最大高为h,h<H;当物体加速度最大时其高度为 ,加速度的最大值为 ;五;实验题共24分26.3分在“用DIS研究机械能守恒定律”的实验中,用到的传感器是传感器;若摆锤直径的测量值大于其真实值会造成摆锤动能的测量值偏 ;选填：“大”或“小”;27.6分在“用多用电表测电阻、电流和电压”的实验中1多选题用多用电测电流或电阻的过程中A在测量电阻时,更换倍率后必须重新进行调零B在测量电流时,更换量程后必须重新进行调零C在测量未知电阻时,必须先选择倍率最大挡进行试测D在测量未知电流时,必须先选择电流最大量程进行试测2测量时多用电表指针指在如图所示位置;若选择开关处于“10V”挡,其读数为Ｖ；若选择开关处于“×10”挡,其读数为 200 Ω选填:“大于”,“等于”或“小于”;28.7分“用DIS描绘电场的等势线”的实验装置示意图如图所示;1单选题该实验描绘的是A两个等量同种电荷周围的等势线B两个等量异种电荷周围的等势线C两个不等量同种电荷周围的等势线D两个不等量异种电荷周围的等势线2单选题实验操作时,需在平整的木板上依次铺放A导电纸、复写纸、白纸B白纸、导电纸、复写纸C导电纸、白纸、复写纸D白纸、复写纸、导电纸3若电压传感器的红、黑探针分别接触图中d、f两点f、d连线与A、B连线垂直时,示数小于零;为使示数为零,应保持红色探针与d点接触,而将黑色探针向右移动;29.8分某同学制作了一个结构如图a所示的温度计;一端封闭的轻质细管可绕封闭端O 自由转动,管长;将一量程足够大的力传感器调零,细管的开口端通过细线挂于力传感器挂钩上,使细管保持水平、细线沿竖直方向;在气体温度为270K时,用一段水银将长度为的气柱封闭在管内;实验时改变气体温度,测得封闭气柱长度l和力传感器读数F之间的关系如图b所示实验中大气压强不变;1管内水银柱长度为m,为保证水银不溢出,该温度计能测得的最高温度为 K;2若气柱初始长度大于,该温度计能测量的最高温度将选填：“增大”,“不变”或“减小”;3若实验中大气压强略有升高,则用该温度计测出的温度将选填：“偏高”,“不变”或“偏低”;六、计算题共50分30.10分如图,两端封闭的直玻璃管竖直放置,一段水银将管内气体分隔为上下两部分A 和B,上下两部分气体初温度相等,且体积V A＞V B;1若A、B两部分气体同时升高相同的温度,水银柱将如何移动某同学解答如下：设两部分气体压强不变,由1212V V T T =,…,T V V T∆∆=,…,所以水银柱将向下移动; 上述解答是否正确若正确,请写出完整的解答；若不正确,请说明理由并给出正确的解答;（2）在上下两部分气体升高相同温度的过程中,水银柱位置发生变化,最后稳定在新的平衡位置,A 、B 两部分气体始末状态压强的变化量分别为Δp A 和Δp B ,分析并比较二者的大小关系;31.12分风洞是研究空气动力学的实验设备;如图,将刚性杆水平固定在风洞内距地面高度H =处,杆上套一质量m =3kg,可沿杆滑动的小球;将小球所受的风力调节为F =15N,方向水平向左;小球以速度v 0=8m/s 向右离开杆端,假设小球所受风力不变,取g =10m/s 2;求： 1小球落地所需时间和离开杆端的水平距离；2小球落地时的动能;3小球离开杆端后经过多少时间动能为78J32.14分如图a,长度L =的光滑杆左端固定一带正电的点电荷A,其电荷量Q =71.810C -⨯；一质量m =,带电量为q 的小球B 套在杆上;将杆沿水平方向固定于某非均匀外电场中,以杆左端为原点,沿杆向右为x 轴正方向建立坐标系;点电荷A 对小球B 的作用力随B 位置x 的变化关系如图b 中曲线I 所示,小球B 所受水平方向的合力随B 位置x 的变化关系如图b 中曲线II 所示,其中曲线II 在≤x ≤和x ≥范围可近似看作直线;求：静电力常量92910N m /C k =⨯⋅1小球B 所带电量q;2非均匀外电场在x =处沿细杆方向的电场强度大小E ；3在合电场中,x =与x =之间的电势差U ;4已知小球在x =处获得v =s 的初速度时,最远可以运动到x =;若小球在x =处受到方向向右,大小为的恒力作用后,由静止开始运动,为使小球能离开细杆,恒力作用的做小距离s 是多少33.14分如图,一关于y轴对称的导体轨道位于水平面．．．内,磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场与平面垂直;一足够长,质量为m的直导体棒沿x轴方向置于轨道上,在外力F作用下从原点由静止开始沿y轴正方向做加速度为a的匀速加速直线运动,运动时棒与x轴始终平行;棒单位长度的电阻ρ,与电阻不计的轨道接触良好,运动中产生的热功率随棒位置的变化规律为P=ky3/2SI;求：1导体轨道的轨道方程y=fx；2棒在运动过程中受到的安培力F m随y的变化关系；3棒从y=0运动到y=L过程中外力F的功;上海物理参考答案一. 单项选择题二.单项选择题三.多项选择题,B,C ,C ,D ,B,D四.填空题21.磁感线；磁感应强度 22A.守恒；不守恒:27；9:1 23.0tanvαg；arctan(2cot)α24.3mg；mg或h ；2gh H h- ⑤.实验题共24分26.光电门；大 27.1A,D 2；小于 28.1B 2D 3向右29.1；360 2减小3偏低六.计算题30.解：1不正确;水银柱移动的原因是升温后,由于压强变化造成受力平衡被破坏,因此应该假设气体体积不变,由压强变化判断移动方向;正确解法：设升温后上下部分气体体积不变,则由查理定律可得Δp p T T T'=+ ΔΔT p p p p T'=-= 因为Δ0T >,p A <p B ,可知ΔΔA B p p <,所示水银柱向上移动;2升温前有p B =p A +p h p h 为汞柱压强升温后同样有p B ' =p A '+p h两式相减可得Δ=ΔA B p p31.解：1小球在竖直方向做自由落体运动,运动时间为 20.8s Ht g小球在水平方向做匀减速运动,加速度25m /s F am 水平位移201 4.8m 2s v t at 2由动能定理0=120J kt k kt E E mgH Fs E ∴3小球离开杆后经过时间t 的水平位移 2012s v t at 由动能定理2201122kE mv mg gt Fs 以=78k E J 和0=8v m/s 代入得125t 2-80t +12=0解得t 1=,t 2=32.解：1由图可知,当x =时,120.018qQ F k xN因此261110F x q kQ C2设在x =处点电荷与小球间作用力为F 2, F 合=F 2+qE因此2460.0120.018N /C 310N /C 110F F E q 合电场在x =处沿细秆方向的电场强度大小为3410N /C ,方向水平向左;3根据图像可知在x =与x =之间合力做功大小 W合=由qU =W 合可得800V W U q 合4由图可知小球从x =到x =处电场力做功410.030.046102W J 小球从0.2m x =到0.4m x =处电场力做功 2W =12-2mv =31.610--⨯J 由图可知小球从0.4m x =到0.8m x =处电场力做功3W =－×=31.610--⨯J由动能定理 1W +2W +3W +F s 外=0解得 s =123=0.065m W W W F ++-外33.解：1设棒运动到某一位置时与轨道接触点的坐标为±,x y ,安培力的功率22B l v F R= 2223/24B x v P ky R== 棒做匀加速运动22v ay = 2R x ρ=代入前式得 2224()aB y x k ρ= 轨道形式为抛物线;2安培力m =F 224B x v R 以轨道方程代入得m =F y3由动能定理 m 21+2W W mv 安培力做功 2m W L 棒在=y L 处动能 212mv =maL 外力做功 2+W maL。

(精校版)2016年上海英语高考试题文档版(含答案)

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of thepassages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 学.科.网11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. 学科.网Class Diary (June 13-19)□13SUN□14MON 17 for after-class activity application□15TUE□16WED Handing in three student 18Time:12:45—1:30pm Place: The 19□18FRI Filling in a form with up-to-date personal dataTime: 20 break Place: The computer room□19SATBlank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Who is Sue Walter? She is 21 in court and a writer.What is Sue’s suggestion for people with difficulties? 22In Sue’s eyes, what is the best part about her job? 23 in decision-making.What does Sue think happiness is? 24II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever foodshe could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was. 学.科网(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accountB. adjustableC. appliancesD. captureE. decorationsF. directG. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeezeGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinishedthe information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s.Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocolexplained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the ParisAgreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer itwill get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Parispromises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water anddrive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets everyfive years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a declineof up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push bylow-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could savethem from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of theway to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start ofthe industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who havebeen examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Scien ce and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms formaking people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” saysAndrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of theirterms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accuratereflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will useour data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at anyUnderground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but ourexperiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find outif we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tubebosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only oneside was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 toban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will bestanding only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walkingand standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TENWORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up”escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

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绝密★启封并使用完毕前2016年高考上海卷物理试题一.单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确选项。

1.卢瑟福通过对α粒子散射实验结果的分析，提出了原子内部存在（A）电子（B）中子（C）质子（D）原子核2.一束单色光由空气进入水中，则该光在空气和水中传播时（A）速度相同，波长相同（B）速度不同，波长相同（C）速度相同，频率相同（D）速度不同，频率相同3.各种不同频率范围的电磁波按频率由大到小的排列顺序是（A）γ射线、紫外线、可见光、红外线（B）γ射线、红外线、紫外线、可见光（C）紫外线、可见光、红外线、γ射线（D）红外线、可见光、紫外线、γ射线4.如图，顶端固定着小球的直杆固定在小车上，当小车向右做匀加速运动时，球所受合外力的方向沿图中的（A）OA方向（B）OB方向（C）OC方向（D）OD方向5.磁铁在线圈中心上方开始运动时，线圈中产生如图方向的感应电流，则磁铁（A）向上运动（B）向下运动（C）向左运动（D）向右运动6.放射性元素A经过2次α衰变和1次β衰变后生成一新元素B，则元素B在元素周期表中的位置较元素A的位置向前移动了（A）1位（B）2位（C）3位（D）4位7.在今年上海的某活动中引入了全国首个户外风洞飞行体验装置，体验者在风力作用下漂浮在半空。

若减小风力，体验者在加速下落过程中（A）失重且机械能增加（B）失重且机械能减少（C）超重且机械能增加（D）超重且机械能减少8.如图，一束电子沿z轴正向流动，则在图中y轴上A点的磁场方向是（A）+x方向（B）-x方向（C）+y方向（D）-y方向二.单项选择题（共24分，每小题3分。

每小题只有一个正确选项。

）9.在双缝干涉实验中，屏上出现了明暗相间的条纹，则（A）中间条纹间距较两侧更宽（B）不同色光形成的条纹完全重合（C）双缝间距离越大条纹间距离也越大（D）遮住一条缝后屏上仍有明暗相间的条纹10.研究放射性元素射线性质的实验装置如图所示。

两块平行放置的金属板A、B分别于电源的两极a、b连接，放射源发出的射线从其上方小孔向外射出。

则（A）a为电源正极，到达A板的为α射线（B）a为电源正极，到达A板的为β射线（C）a为电源负极，到达A板的为α射线（D）a为电源负极，到达A板的为β射线11.国际单位制中，不是电场强度的单位是（A ）N/C（B ）V/m（C ）J/C（D ）T.m/s12.如图，粗细均与的玻璃管A 和B 由一橡皮管连接，一定质量的空气被水银柱封闭在A 管内，初始时两管水银面等高，B 管上方与大气相通。

若固定A 管，将B 管沿竖直方向缓慢下移一小段距离H ，A 管内的水银面高度相应变化h ，则（A ）h =H （B ）h <2H （C ）h =2H （D ）2H <h <H13.电源电动势反映了电源把其它形式的能量转化为电能的能力，因此（A ）电动势是一种非静电力（B ）电动势越大，表明电源储存的电能越多（C ）电动势的大小是非静电力做功能力的反映（D ）电动势就是闭合电路中电源两端的电压14.物体做匀加速直线运动，相继经过两端距离为16 m 的路程，第一段用时4 s ，第二段用时2 s ，则物体的加速度是 (A)22m/s 3(B)24m/s 3(C)28m/s 9(D)216m/s 915.如图，始终竖直向上的力F 作用在三角板A 端，使其绕B 点在竖直平面内缓慢地沿顺时针方向转动一小角度，力F 对B 点的力矩为M ，则转动过程中(A)M 减小，F 增大(B)M 减小，F 减小(C)M 增大，F 增大(D)M 增大，F 减小16.风速仪结构如图(a)所示。

光源发出的光经光纤传输，被探测器接收，当风轮旋转时，通过齿轮带动凸轮圆盘旋转，当圆盘上的凸轮经过透镜系统时光被挡住。

已知风轮叶片转动半径为r ，每转动n 圈带动凸轮圆盘转动一圈。

若某段时间Δt 内探测器接收到的光强随时间变化关系如图(b)所示，则该时间段内风轮叶片(A)转速逐渐减小，平均速率为4πΔnr t (B)转速逐渐减小，平均速率为8πΔnr t(C)转速逐渐增大，平均速率为4πΔnr t (D)转速逐渐增大，平均速率为8πΔnr t三.多项选择题（共16分，每小题4分。

每小题有二个或者三个正确选项。

全选对的，得4分；选对但不全的，得2分；有选或不答的，得0分。

）17.某气体的摩尔质量为M ，分之质量为m 。

若1摩尔该气体的体积为V m ，密度为ρ，则该气体单位集体分子数为（阿伏伽德罗常数为N A ） (A)A m N V (B)mM mV (C)A ρN M (D)A ρN m 18.如图所示电路中，电源内阻忽略不计。

闭合电建，电压表示数为U ，电流表示数为I ；在滑动变阻器R 1的滑片P 由a 端滑到b 端的过程中(A)U 先变大后变小(B)I 先变大后变小(C)U 与I 比值先变大后变小(D)U 变化量与I 变化量比值等于R 319.如图（a），螺线管内有平行于轴线的外加匀强磁场，乙图中箭头所示方向为其正方向。

螺线管与导线框abcd相连，导线框内有一小金属圆环L，圆环与导线框在同一平面内。

当螺线管内的磁感应强度B随时间按图（b）所示规律变化时（A）在t1~t2时间内，L有收缩趋势（B）在t2~t3时间内，L有扩张趋势（C）在t2~t3时间内，L内有逆时针方向的感应电力（D）在t3~t4时间内，L内有顺时针方向的感应电力20.甲、乙两列横波在同一介质中分别从波源M、N两点沿x轴相向传播，波速为2m/s，振幅相同；某时刻的图像如图所示。

则（A）甲乙两波的起振方向相反（B）甲乙两波的频率之比为3:2（C）再经过3s，平衡位置在x=7m出的质点振动方向向下（D）再经过3s，两波源间（不含波源）有5个质点位移为零四.填空题（共20分，每小题4分。

）本大题中第22题为分叉题，分A、B两类，考生可任选一类答题。

若两类试题均做，一律按A类题积分。

21.形象描述磁场分布的曲线叫做____________,通常___________的大小也叫做磁通量密度。

22A、B选做一题22A.如图，粗糙水平面上，两物体A、B以轻绳相连，在恒力F作用下做匀速运动。

某时刻轻绳断开，A在F牵引下继续前进，B最后静止。

则在B静止前，A和B组成的系统动量_________（选填：“守恒”或“不守恒“）。

22B.两颗卫星绕地球运行的周期之比为27:1，则它们的角速度之比为__________，轨道半径之比为___________。

23.如图，圆弧形凹槽固定在水平地面上，其中ABC是位于竖直平面内以O为圆心的一段圆弧，OA与竖直方向的夹角为α。

一小球以速度从桌面边缘P水平抛出，恰好从A点沿圆弧的切线方向进入凹槽。

小球从P 到A的运动时间为____________;直线PA与竖直方向的夹角β=_________。

24.如图，质量为m的带电小球A用绝缘细线悬挂于O点，处于静止状态。

施加一水平向右的匀强电场后，A向右摆动，摆动的最大角度为60°，则A受到的电场力大小为。

在改变电场强度的大小和方向后，小球A的平衡位置在α=60°处，然后再将A的质量改变为2m，其新的平衡位置在α=30°处，A受到的电场力大小为。

25.地面上物体在变力F作用下由静止开始竖直向上运动，力F随高度随高度x的变化关系如图所示，物体能上升的最大高为h,h<H。

当物体加速度最大时其高度为，加速度的最大值为。

五。

实验题（共24分）26.（3分）在“用DIS研究机械能守恒定律”的实验中，用到的传感器是传感器。

若摆锤直径的测量值大于其真实值会造成摆锤动能的测量值偏。

（选填：“大”或“小”）。

27.（6分）在“用多用电表测电阻、电流和电压”的实验中（1）（多选题）用多用电测电流或电阻的过程中（A）在测量电阻时，更换倍率后必须重新进行调零（B）在测量电流时，更换量程后必须重新进行调零（C）在测量未知电阻时，必须先选择倍率最大挡进行试测（D）在测量未知电流时，必须先选择电流最大量程进行试测（2）测量时多用电表指针指在如图所示位置。

若选择开关处于“10V”挡，其读数为Ｖ；若选择开关处于“×10”挡，其读数为200 Ω（选填:“大于”，“等于”或“小于”）。

28.(7分)“用DIS描绘电场的等势线”的实验装置示意图如图所示。

（1）（单选题）该实验描绘的是（A）两个等量同种电荷周围的等势线（B）两个等量异种电荷周围的等势线（C）两个不等量同种电荷周围的等势线（D）两个不等量异种电荷周围的等势线（2）（单选题）实验操作时，需在平整的木板上依次铺放（A）导电纸、复写纸、白纸（B）白纸、导电纸、复写纸（C）导电纸、白纸、复写纸（D）白纸、复写纸、导电纸（3）若电压传感器的红、黑探针分别接触图中d、f两点（f、d连线与A、B连线垂直）时，示数小于零。

为使示数为零，应保持红色探针与d点接触，而将黑色探针向右）移动。

29.（8分）某同学制作了一个结构如图（a）所示的温度计。

一端封闭的轻质细管可绕封闭端O自由转动，管长0.5m。

将一量程足够大的力传感器调零，细管的开口端通过细线挂于力传感器挂钩上，使细管保持水平、细线沿竖直方向。

在气体温度为270K时，用一段水银将长度为0.3m的气柱封闭在管内。

实验时改变气体温度，测得封闭气柱长度l和力传感器读数F之间的关系如图（b）所示（实验中大气压强不变）。

（1）管内水银柱长度为m，为保证水银不溢出，该温度计能测得的最高温度为K。

（2）若气柱初始长度大于0.3m，该温度计能测量的最高温度将（选填：“增大”，“不变”或“减小”）。

（3）若实验中大气压强略有升高，则用该温度计测出的温度将（选填：“偏高”，“不变”或“偏低”）。

六、计算题（共50分）30.（10分）如图，两端封闭的直玻璃管竖直放置，一段水银将管内气体分隔为上下两部分A和B，上下两部分气体初温度相等，且体积V A＞V B。

（1）若A、B两部分气体同时升高相同的温度，水银柱将如何移动？某同学解答如下：设两部分气体压强不变，由1212V V T T =，…，T V V T ∆∆=，…，所以水银柱将向下移动。

上述解答是否正确？若正确，请写出完整的解答；若不正确，请说明理由并给出正确的解答。

（2）在上下两部分气体升高相同温度的过程中，水银柱位置发生变化，最后稳定在新的平衡位置，A 、B 两部分气体始末状态压强的变化量分别为Δp A 和Δp B ，分析并比较二者的大小关系。

31.（12分）风洞是研究空气动力学的实验设备。

如图，将刚性杆水平固定在风洞内距地面高度H =3.2m 处，杆上套一质量m =3kg ，可沿杆滑动的小球。

将小球所受的风力调节为F =15N ，方向水平向左。

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