中国人民大学商学院博士入学考试试题

合集下载

人大商学院考博-产业经济学专业考博考试真题考试内容招生人数好考吗复习经验学长联系方式-育明考研考博

人大产业经济学专业考博考试真题专业课参考书-育明考博一、人大商学院产业经济学专业考博真题（4）（育明教育考博分校资料）2012年人大产业经济学考博“经济学”试题1、LAC曲线与ＳＡＣ曲线的关系及应用价值2、不同行业间利润水平差异的主要因素3、用宏观消费理论，说明个税修订对促增长，保民生的经济学意义4、C=10-4P，I=20，G=15，Qs=5+P。

求均衡P，Q（1）当G=25，求P，Q（2）当Qs=15，求P，Q（人大商学院考博考试信息、考试真题、考博辅导课程咨询陈老师叩叩：伍四七，零六叁，捌六贰）2013年人大产业经济学考博“经济学”试题一、分析题1、试分析重复博弈理论在企业长期合作中的作用及策略。

2、运用生产函数分析我国劳动工资上涨引起的生产要素组合变化的方向。

3、运用经济增长核算法依据改革开放后经济增长的约束条件，分析中国改变经济增长方式的经济学依据和路径选择。

二、计算分析题两时期模型中，社会由家庭和政府组成。

家庭偏好安全稳定，消费C1=C2；政府在第二时期末会留下债务，因此政府的寿命更长。

两时期的结构为：家庭生产Q1=200,Q2=110；政府支出G1=50,G2=110；利率为10%。

计算三种情形下第一时期、第二时期的总国民储蓄、家庭储蓄、政府储蓄以及单个时期的家庭消费。

结合计算结果解释税收路径变化对于消费水平的影响。

税收情况：（1）T1=40,T2=55（2）T1=50,T2=44（3）T1=30,T2=40育明考博课程中心陈老师解析：从2014年商学院博士研究生招生方式改为“申请考核制”后，专业课的考查方式、考察侧重都有较大的变化。

专业课的试题难度都不是非常大，但大部分考生的专业课分数并不高，另外有近1/4的考生专业课是不及格的。

所以即便是试题本身难度不大但想要答好、答到点上、答的有一定的深度并且贴合出题导师想要的答案也是比较困难的。

建议考生可以在专业课老师的带领下在进行“真题解析”和“模拟练习”这两个备考环节，学会解题答题把前几个阶段积累的知识内容转化为分数。

2022年中国人民大学商业经济学考博真题、参考书、联系导师、申请材料、考核内容

2022年中国人民大学商业经济学考博真题、参考书、联系导师、申请材料、考核内容一、招生目录商学院0202Z2-商业经济学①②③申请考核制跨一级学科考生复试加试科目：④经济学基础⑤管理学基础同等学力考生复试加试科目：④经济学基础⑤管理学基础⑥政治理论导师信息导师姓名导师组专业名称商业经济学是否兼职博导是否返聘博导学科专长及研究方向本年度拟招收博士生主要研究的问题在研项目备注 1.外语考试科目：英语导师姓名王晓东专业名称商业经济学是否兼职博导否是否返聘博导否学科专长及研究方向1.商业经济理论2.市场与商品流通本年度拟招收博士生主要研究的问题马克思流通经济理论，新时期流通体制改革在研项目1.国内贸易活动的基础理论综合与研究方法创新（国家社科基金重点项目）备注 1.外语考试科目：英语导师姓名刘向东专业名称商业经济学是否兼职博导否是否返聘博导否学科专长及研究方向1.市场与商品流通本年度拟招收博士生主要研究的问题在研项目备注 1.外语考试科目：英语导师姓名谢莉娟专业名称商业经济学是否兼职博导否是否返聘博导否学科专长及研究方向1.商业经济理论与政策2.国内市场与商品流通本年度拟招收博士生主要研究的问题流通基础理论；数字经济与流通创新；国有经济、流通效率和现代流通体系等。

在研项目1.国家社科基金项目《商品交易形式选择与商业资本的形成机制研究》2.校级案例开发项目《互联网自有品牌零售机制研究》备注 1.外语考试科目：英语导师姓名晏维龙专业名称商业经济学是否兼职博导是是否返聘博导否学科专长及研究方向1.产业经济学2.政府审计、经济监督与国家治理本年度拟招收博士生主要研究的问题双循环与商业产业、商业发展与经济监督在研项目1.更好发挥审计在党和国家监督体系中的重要作用研究（教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目）2.江苏解决发展不平衡不充分问题的对策研究（江苏省社会科学基金重大项目）备注 1.外语考试科目：英语导师姓名程红专业名称商业经济学是否兼职博导是是否返聘博导否学科专长及研究方向1.流通理论与政策本年度拟招收博士生主要研究的问题流通理论与政策在研项目备注 1.外语考试科目：英语导师姓名石明明专业名称商业经济学是否兼职博导否是否返聘博导否学科专长及研究方向1.市场、流通与贸易2.新消费与创新、线上线下竞争、经济改革与机制设计本年度拟招收博士生主要研究的问题新消费与创新、线上线下竞争、经济改革与机制设计在研项目备注 1.外语考试科目：英语导师姓名王强专业名称商业经济学是否兼职博导否是否返聘博导否学科专长及研究方向1.零售创新与数字化转型2.新消费与数智经济本年度拟招收博士生主要研究的问题新零售的数字化能力构建、商业模式创新的案例研究；零售数字化影响企业绩效的机制研究；新消费的内涵、统计指标、测度、拉动经济转型的研究在研项目1.零售数字化能力构建、数字商业模式创新及其影响企业绩效的机制（商学院数字化转型科学研究基金项目）2.新消费模式和服务体系建设研究（国家发展改革委员会课题项目）3.发展消费新业态新模式，促进线上线下消费融合发展的现状与路径研究（国家发展改革委员会课题项目）备注 1.外语考试科目：英语学习方式：经我校审核批准的中国人民大学正式在编在岗教职工在基本学习年限内非全日制学习。

中国人民大学考博英语真题

中国人民大学博士研究生入学考试试题Ⅰ LISTENING TEST (20 points)(略）客观题部分请用铅笔将此部分的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！Ⅱ Vocabulary (10 points)Part A (5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.Example:She prefers foreign wine to that produced ________.A. previouslyB. virtuallyC. primarilyD. domesticallyT he sentence should read, “She prefers foreign wine to that produced domestically.”Therefore, you should choose D.Sample Answer［A］［B］［C］［D］1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages ________patriotism.A. obsoleteB. aggressiveC. harmoniousD. amiable2. One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and ________ to expressed thoughts.A. dilemmasB. countenancesC. concessionsD. junctions3. People innately ________ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A. striveB. ascertainC. justifyD. adhere4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife ________ for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A. conservationB. maintenanceC. storageD. reserve5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence ________ a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated6. Melissa is a computer ________ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.A. geniusB. virusC. diseaseD. bacteria7. The ________ emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form of competition in schools.A. negligentB. edibleC. fabulousD. disproportionate8. The boy seemed more ________ to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived.A. reconciledB. consolidatedC. deterioratedD. attributed9. During his two-month stay in China, Tom never ________ a chance to practice his Chinese.A. passed onB. passed upC. passed byD. passed out10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ________ can be distributed.A. paradoxesB. legaciesC. platitudesD. analogiesPart B (5 points )Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.Example:The secretary is very competent; she can finish all these letters within one hour.A. carefulB. industriousC. cleverD. capableIn this sentence, “competent” is closest in meaning to “capable”. Therefore you should choose D.Sample Answer［A］［B］［C］［D］11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A. depictB. advocateC. criticizeD. analyze12. They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A. confirmB. achieveC. matchD. exaggerate13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes. A. imminentB. recyclableC. smellyD. poisonous14. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N. sanction.A. alliesB. delegatesC. votersD. juries15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our children's college and our own retirement security is chilling.A. frighteningB. promisingC. freezingD. revealing16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A. secret planB. bold attackC. clever designD. joint effort17. Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different theoretical and political positions.A. trustworthyB. intelligentC. diligentD. meticulous18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no stories of women being raped orwanton violence against civilians in the region.A. intriguingB. exasperatingC. demonstrativeD. unprovoked19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for nocturnal raids in the forest.A. illegalB. night-timeC. brutalD. abusive20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avidfondness for the limelight.A. mercurialB. gallantC. ardentD. frugalⅢCloze (10 points )Directions: Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, __21__ into a hobby and lately has __22__ into a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates __23__ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keep __24__ of their personal interest on the Internet. Before long they __25__ that their homebrewed lists were becoming too long and __26__. Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo.During 1994, they __27__ yahoo into a customized database designed to __28__ the needs of the thousands of users __29__ began to use the service through the closely __30__ Internet community. They developed customized software to help them __31__ locate, identify and edit material __32__ on the Internet. The name Yahoo is __33__ to stand for “Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Ora le”, but Filo and Yang insist they selected the __34__ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first __35__ on Yang's workstation, “akebono”, while the search engine was __36__ on Filo's computer, “Konishiki”.In early 1995 Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files __37__ to larger computers __38__ at Netscape. As a result Stanford's computer network returned to __39__, and both parties benefited. Today, Yahoo __40__ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.21. A. became B. grew C. turn D. intend22. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned23. A. in B. on C. about D. for24. A. touch B. contact C. track D. record25. A. founded B. found C. argued D. reported26. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D. invaluable27. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted28. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate29. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly30. A. relative B. interactive C. bound D. contacted31. A. fluently B. efficiently C. exactly D. actually32. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. stored33. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed34. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand35. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched36. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked37. A. over B. away C. inside D. beneath38. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. hidden39. A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal40. A. attains B. detains C. maintains D. containsⅣReading Comprehension (20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET I.Passage 1Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break habits.One application of the threshold method involves the time young children spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To apply Guthrie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could gradually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold method also can be applied to teaching printing and handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' etters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within the larger bordens, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell him to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask thestudents to find interesting books and read them while in the center. Assuming that the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, and debates, in an attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course.41. The purpose of this passage is to ________.A. informB. persuadeC. debateD. narrate42. Guthrie identified three methods for ________.A. educating studentsB. altering bad habitsC. avoiding undesired actionD. forming good hobbies43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food that the child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young children and gradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fun by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over time, watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snacking. What method is used in this example?A. The threshold method.B. The fatigue method.C. The incompatible response method.D. The punishment method.45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that ________.A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes exhaustedB. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a response incompatible with the undesired response so they cannot be performed simultaneouslyC. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformed into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes a cue for not performing itD. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child make response incompatible with unwanted responsePassage 2The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped intoforeign markets with embarrassing results.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. “Nova” is Latin for “new(star)” and means “star” in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like “nova”, meaning “it doesn't go”. Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales “picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food company's friendly “Jolly Green Giant” (for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.When translated into German, Pepsi's popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”. No wond er customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good translations—other aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called “back translation” to re duce the possibility of blunders.The process used one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.46. The best title of this passage might be ______.A. Culture Is Very Important in AdvertisingB. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between NationsC. Overcome Cultural Sock in Different CountriesD. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles47. What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage?A. hesitationB. mistakeC. stutterD. default48. Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6?A. Cultural shocksB. Faulty translationsC. Avoid cultural oversightsD. Prevent blunders49. We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “camellia” most probably mean ______.A. an animal used in perfume for its smellB. a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funeralsC. a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funeralsD. an ornament used in perfume and at funerals50. One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to ______. A. fire the translators who don't know the target languageB. use the technique called “literal translation” to reduce the possibility of blundersC. avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokesD. explain in details when designing advertisement for other countriesPassage 3It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxed in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very top-and on the way up—executives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These day, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctor's admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search firms,” is a growing industr y. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.51. We can infer from the second paragraph that ______.A. promotion depends on amiabilityB. chief executives do not work hard enough at the to levelC. it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinatesD. a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry52. The term “aerobic exercise” (first line in second last paragraph) is a kind of ______.A. hallucination exerciseB. physical exerciseC. meditation exerciseD. entertainment53. From the last paragraph we can gather that ______.A. there are too many aggressive executivesB. individual talent is not essential for a companyC. the job of an “executive search firm” is corporate head-huntingD. it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial ranks54. For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a place where ______.A. they can conduct their businessB. they can indulge themselvesC. they can cultivate their mindD. they can exercise as well as socialize55. What is NOT true according to the article?A. Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings.B. Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C. All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D. Executives are careful of what they eat.Passage 4In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together with some of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society which he had founded in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech. Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional government imposed by the United States that had, in his word s, “turned Japan spineless.” Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the general's office and there, before the general's unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the traditional samurai ritual of seppuku. After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword. The aide likewise killed himself and was beheaded; the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive regime of General Tojo that was to stage the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. That earlier revolt is the one referred to in “Patriotism,” one of Mishima's most powerful stories. Here life and fiction become joined. The act of sepp uku was for Mishima a fulfillment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Born of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero's death in accordance with the ancient samurai code; but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building (he became expert at karate and kendo) and, most important, through the discipline of writing. In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays,many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage. His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask (1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame.Mishima has been called “Japan's Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.56. The article implies that ______.A. Mishima refused to join the army when he was youngB. Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writerC. Mishima is a person who is hard to defineD. Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer57. The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was ______.A. to capture the commanding generalB. to urge the government to declare a war against AmericaC. to incite the soldiers to rebel against the constitutional governmentD. to force the Emperor to give up the throne58. In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima ______.A. was well received by the soldiersB. was laughed at by the soldiersC. impressed the commanding generalD. left a deep impression to the soldiers59. What is true according to articleA. The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death.B. The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attempt.C. Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech.D. One of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers.60. Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ______.A. written “Patriotism,” one of hi s most powerful storiesB. written eighty short storiesC. published “A Forest in Flower”D. published “Confession of a Mask”主观题部分请用钢笔或圆珠将此部分的答案做在答题纸二上，否则无效！ⅤTranslation (20 points)Part A. (10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss. The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden. Remedial supply actioncould not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the surplus actually occurs. When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helping to conserve the present supply. As the price goes up, less of the commodity is purchased; a rise in price encourages users to economize. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.Part B. (10 points)Directions: Translate the following into English on your ANSWER SHEET.中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。

人大商学院财务学专业考博分数线考试难度竞争程度真题参考书解析辅导课程班-育明考博

三、人大商学院财务学专业考博专业课部分参数书（育明考博课程中心）专业参考书作者出版社财务学《财务管理研究》王化成中国金融出版社《财务管理理论结构》王化成中国人民大学出版社《公司理财》罗斯吴世农译机械工业出版社李维安《公司治理》，郭敏《现代资本市场理论研究》翻阅即可期刊：《会计研究》、《财务与会计》、《管理世界》育明考博课程中心陈老师解析：1、参考书是知识基础建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。

对于个人备考来讲很难抓住参考书的重点，建议大家可以在专业课老师的指导下来高效率、高质量完成这项工作，为整个备考的成功构建基础。

2、对于考博来讲，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要使用相关的参考书笔记、导师课件讲义、各专题总结。

读哪一些资料有用、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。

3、商学院财务学考博的竞争还是比较大的，报录比一般在5:1-6:1(历年平均缺考率在20%),从2015年开始报考人大商学院博士的考试不用提前联系导师，入学后进行导师-学生双向选择。

育明教育考博分校针对人民大学财务学专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障四、人大商学院考博复试分数线复试人数统计（育明考博辅导中心）年份复试成绩要求复试人数/录取人数2012年外语55分专业一60分专业二60分总分180分102人/83人2013年外语50分专业一60分专业二60分总分170分95人/78人育明考博课程中心陈老师解析：1、人大商学院共有7个博士研究生招生专业：产业经济学、商业经济学、会计学、企业管理、技术经济及管理、市场营销管理、财务学。

人大考博英语(2010-2017)

历年真题2017年中国人民大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题PartⅡReading Comprehension(40%)Directions:There are4reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D．You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET．Questions16to20are based on the following passage．Sometimes,over a span of many Years,a business will continue to grow,generating ever-increasing amounts of cash,repurchasing stock,paying increased dividends,reducing debt, opening new stores,expanding production facilities,moving into new markets,etc.,while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant(or even falls)．When this happens,the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range．Take,for example,Wal-Mart.Over the past five years,the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over80％,profits by over100％,and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30％during that timeframe.Clearly,the valuation picture has changed.An investor that read the annual report back in2000or2001might have passed on the security,deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio.Today,however,the equation is completely different--despite the stock price,WalMart is,in essence,trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend,twice the earnings power, more stores,and a bigger infrastructure.Home Depot is in much the same boat,largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world's largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy．Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon.Ten years ago,in1996, the stock traded between a range of$36．10and$54．30per share.At the time,it had reported earnings per share of$1．40and paid a cash dividend of$0．50per share.Corporate per share book value was$2．48．Last year,the stock traded within a range of$40．30 and$45．30per share;squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior!Yet,despite the stagnant stock price,the2006estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share standaround$2．16(a rise of54％),the cash dividend has more than doubled to$1．20, book value is expected to have grown to$7．40per share(a gain of nearly300％),and the total number of shares outstanding(未偿付的，未完成的)has actually decreased from2．481 billion to an estimated2．355billion due to the company's share repurchase program．16．This passage is probably a part of______．A．Find Hidden Value in the Market B．Become RicherC．Get Good Bargains D．Identify Good Companies17．The italicized word“stagnant”(line4,Para.1)can be best paraphrased as______．A．prominent B．terrible C．unchanged D．progressing18．Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price becauseA．it has stored a large quantity of goodsB．it has become financially more powerfulC．it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcyD．it is a good way to compete with other retailing companies19．All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT______．A．the cash dividend has increasedB．the earning power has become strongerC．both businesses have continued to growD．the stock price has greatly decreased20．According to the author,one had better______．A．buy more shares when the stock price falls downB．sell out the shares when the stock price falls downC．do some research on the value.of a business when its stock price falls downD．invest in the business when its stock price fails downQuestions21to25are based on the following passage．Today's college students are more narcissistic(自恋的)and self-centered than their predecessors,according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society．“We need to stop endlessly repeating'You're special'and having children repeat that back,”said the study's lead author,Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University.“Kids are self-centered enough already.”“Unfortunately,narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society,including the breakdown of close relationships with others,”he said.The study asserts that narcissists“are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived,at risk for infidelity,lack emotional warmth,and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty,and over-controlling and violent behaviors”.Twenge,the author of“Generation Me：Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident,Assertive,Entitled--and More Miserable Than Ever Before”,said narcissists tend to lack empathy,react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others．Some analysts have commended today's young people for increased commitment to volunteer work.But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically,noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications．Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的)that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies.“Permissiveness seems to be a component,”he said.“A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting.Less indulgence might be called for.”Yet students,while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings,don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation．Hanady Kader,a University of Washington senior,said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded.But she is dismayed(气馁；心,)by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status.“We're encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want,and nobody should stand in your way,”Kader said.“I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships.”Kari Dalane,a University of Vermont sophomore,says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered.“People are worried about themselves--but in the sense of where are they're going to find a place in the world,”she said.“People want to look their best,have a good time,but it doesn't mean they're not concerned about the rest of the world.”Besides,some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome,Dalane said.“It would be more depressing if people answered,'No,I'm not special.'”21．According to the passage,a narcissistic person may21．According to the passage,a narcissistic person may______．A．hate criticism B．be dishonest to his/her partnerC．be unwilling to help others D．All the above．22．The italicized word“commended”(line1,Para.3)means______．A．praised B．criticized C．recommended D．disfavored23．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．Narcissism may result in bad consequences．B．College students are active to participate in volunteer work．C．Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge．D．Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion．24．It is implied that______．A．both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissism B．the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC．the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the study D．college students are pessimistic about their future25．It is proper to be when you hear someone say“I'm special”．A．objective B．pessimistic C．optimistic D．worriedQuestions26to30are based on the following passage．The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries．The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards,instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election,which can occur more than50days after the card vote is completed．Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill.The National Association of Manufacturers,The National Federation of Independent Business,the U.S.Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers.“This isn't about preventing increased unionization, it's about protecting rights”,said the National Association of Manufacturer's Jason Straczewski, of his organization's opposition to bill.Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion(旨迫,胁迫)from unions．Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers.“Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers aren't,”Samuel said.He cites the31,358cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in2005．Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby,the secret ballot would not be eliminated.The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers.“On the ground,the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day,”said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council,who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level．The bill has other provisions(规定，条款)as well.The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration(促裁)when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a con-tract after3months.An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effect for2years,a fact that Straczewski calls,“borderline unconstitutional”.“I don't see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract,”said Straczewski．The bill's proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers.The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service,the organization that oversees arbitration,reported that in2004,45percent of newly formed unions were deniedfirst contracts by employers.The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees.As it stands,the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in1935．The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages．26．Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A．House bill aims to spur labor union growth．B．House bill aims to counter labor union growth．C．Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employment．D．Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees'income．27．According to its opponents,the bill______．A．will protect employees'rightsB．will benefit workers by binding contractsC．will empower unions too muchD．makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions28．The word“it”(line5,Para.5)refers to______．A．the change B．the legislationC．the AFL-CIO D．the difference29．People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPTA．the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industries B．the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local levelC．binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract can't be agreed on betweena recently established union and a companyD．the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employ ees30．It is implied that______．A．fewer private industries joined unions in the pastB．workers'coercion often comes from unionsC．the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersD．punishment authorized by the bill will be lighterQuestions31to35are based on the following passage．Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society,changing many people's views on race,history and politics.The following is a sampling of African Americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals．Muhammad AllCassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville,Kentucky,learning to fight at age12after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself.Six years later, he was an Olympic boxing champion,going on to win three world heavyweight titles.He became known as much for his swagger(趾高气扬)outside the ring as his movement in it, converting to Islam in1965,changing his name to Muhammad Ali and refusing to join the U.S.Army on religious grounds.Ali remained popular after his athletic career ended and he developed Parkinson's disease,even lighting the Olympic torch at the1996Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful virtues of Islam following the September11terrorist attacks．W.E．B．Du Bois(William Edward Burghardt Du Bois)Born in1868,this Massachusetts native was one of the most prominent,prolific intellectuals of his time.An academic,activist and historian,Du Bois co-founded the National Associationfor the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP),edited“The Crisis”magazine and wrote 17books,four journals and many other scholarly articles.In perhaps his most famous work,“The Souls of Black Folk”,published in1903,he predicted“the problem of20th century [would be］the problem of the colorline”．Martin Luther King Jr．The Rev.Martin Luther King Jr.is considered one of the most powerful and popular leaders of the American civil rights movement.He spearheaded(带头；作先锋)a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches,sit-ins,boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affect-ed Americans'attitudes toward race relations.He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in1964．Malcolm XBlack leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early1960s.He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following,which continued even after his death in1965．Interest in the leader surged again after Spike Lee's1992movie“Malcolm X”was released．Jackie RobinsonIn1947,Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, becoming the first black baseball player in the U.S.major leagues.After retirement from baseball in1957,he remained active in civil rights and youth activities.In1962,he became the first African-American to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame．31．Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?A．He never served in the army．B．He learned to fight at an early age．C．His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing．D．He loves peace．32．The italicized word“prolific”(line2,Para.3)is synonymous to______．A．smart B．skilled C．productive D．pioneering33．According to the passage,which of the following statements is NOT true?A．W.E．B．Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored people．B．Jackie Robinson was denied by U.S.major baseball leagues throughout his life．C．Martin Luther King Jr.was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rights movements．D．Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his death．34．What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?A．Each achieved enormous success in his/her field and was highly recognized．B．Each was devoted to his/her cause but didn't win recognition until death．C．All were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime．D．All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities．35．Which of the following can be a title of the passage?A．Life of Famous African AmericansB．Influence of Famous African AmericansC．Political Pioneers:Icons and intellectualsD．Cultural Pioneers:Icons and intellectualsPartⅢVocabulary(10％)Directions:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word.And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．36．The building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to______the weightof the building．A．subside B．idealize C．initiate D．sustain37．The actress was very______at the insulting question raised by her opponent at the conference．A．extraterrestrial B．explicit C．indignant D．innovative38．It is known to all that children in this region have strong______to swimming in summer because of the hot weather．A．inclination B．exposure C．flux D．correlation39．The torch was______by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting．A．implement B．deceive C．exemplify D．ignited40．These samples have to be______in certain kind of chemical water in order to protect them．A．immersed B．crisped C．armored D．arrayed41．Her talk at the seminar clearly______from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology．A．alternated B．amplified C．designated D．diverged42．Three years______before he returned home from the United States．A．denoted B．destined C．elapsed D．enveloped43．A______plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities．A．deliberate B．disincentive C．functional D．fantastic44．Sometimes in drawing and designing,the sign X______the unknown number．A．facilitates B．fascinates C．denotes D．jots45．The speaker was very much______by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall．A．jerked B．incensed C．laced D．limped46．The two countries have developed a______relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade．A．managerial B．lethal C．metric D．cordial47．The doctor's______was that she should go and see the specialist in this field．A．constraint B．counsel C．coherence D．consciousness48．The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its______declaration in1970that oceans were the heritage of mankind．A．unanimous B．abstract C．autonomous D．almighty49．They need to move to new and large apartments.Do you know of any______ones in this area?A．evacuated B．empty C．vacant D．vacate50．The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get______quickly．A．decomposed B．denounced C．detached D．deduced51．The government decided to take a(n)______action to strengthen the market management．A．diverse B．durable C．epidemic D．drastic52．The local residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to______it．A．disgrace B．disguise C．defy D．distress53．They admitted that they shared the same______on the matter．A．potentiality B．sentiment C．Postscript D．subscription54．We cannot be______with him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday．A．pecked B．reconciled C．perturbed D．presumed55．Bad traveling conditions had seriously their progress to their destination in that region．A．tugged B．demolished C．hampered D．destroyedPartⅣCloze(10%)Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET．Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at sea level.Nearly one-third of all human beings live within36miles of a coastline.Most of the world's great seaport cities would be56:New Orleans, Amsterdam,Shanghai,and Cairo.Some countries--Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in the Pacific--would be inundated.Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt,57large populations occupy lowlying areas,would suffer extreme 58．Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons,59in coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world.60water quality may result as61flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking water supplies, and irreplaceable,natural62could be flooded with ocean water,destroying forever many of the63plant and animal species living there．Food supplies and forests would be64affected.Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture.Warmer temperatures would65grain-growing regions pole-wards.The warming would also increase and change the pest plants,such as weeds and the insects66 the crops．Human health would also be affected.Warming could67tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever,malaria,and other diseases.Heat stress and heat mortality could rise.The harmful68of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer 69There will be some70from warming.New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic,longer growing seasons further north will71new agricultural lands,and warmer temperature will make some of today'scolder regions more72But these benefits will be in individual areas.The natural systems --both plant and animal--will be less able than man to cope and73Any change of temperature,rainfall,and sea level of the magnitude now74will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well．The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must do everything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions75by global warming．56．A．ascended B．assaulted C．erased D．endangered 57．A．which B．where C．when D．what' 58．A．dislocation B．discontent C．distribution D．distinction 59．A．rebuking B．rambling C．resulting D．rallying 60．A．Increased B．Reduced C．Expanded D．Saddened 61．A．inland B．coastal C．urban D．suburban 62．A．dry-land B．mountain C．wetlands D．forest 63．A．unique B．precious C．interesting D．exciting 64．A．geologically B．adversely C．secretively D．serially 65．A．shift B．generate C．grease D．fuse66．A．hiking B．hugging C．attacking D．activating 67．A．endanger B．accommodate C．adhere D．enlarge68．A．profits B．values C．effects D．interests 69．A．conditions B．accommodation C．surroundings D．evolution 70．A．adjustments B．benefits C．adoptions D．profits 71．A．alternate B．abuse C．advocate D．create72．A．accidental B．habitable C．anniversary D．ambient 73．A．adapt B．alleviate C．agitate D．assert74．A．ascertained B．conformed C．consoled D．anticipated 75．A．tutored B．relayed C．triggered D．reflected PartⅤTranslation from English into Chinese(10%) Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese,and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET．Understanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being.Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production. But the costs of energy—including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it,but also environmental and sociopolitical impacts—detract from well-being．For most of human history,the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefitside of the energy-well-being equation.Inadequacy of energy resources or more often of the technologies and organizations for harvesting,converting,and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience,deprivation and constraints on growth.The1970's,then,represented a turning point.After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs—and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status—energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects.It began to be probable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on insufficient supply.It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits．PartⅥWritingDirections:You are asked to write in no less than200words about the title of“Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China”.You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.Remember to write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。

中国人民大学博士生英语考试listening部分

Qualifying Examination for PHD Students: listeningName _________________ Department ___________________Class __________________ Student Number _____________Section I True or False (5%)Directions: Listen to the following passage twice, decide whether the statements onyour question paper are true or false, and write your answer on your answer sheet.1 Sub prime investments were safe investments for banks.2 Lending money to those who ask for it is good business for banks.3 An asset such as a house can always be sold for a profit if you need the money.4 Customer confidence in the banking system is important to stability.5 It is unnecessary for governments to guarantee banks in a crisis.Section II: Filling in the Blank Spaces (10%)Directions: Listen to the following passage twice and fill in the blank spaces on your answer sheet.At the first glance, the world’s leading universities seem to be moving towardsa globalised form of management, in which leaders are recruited regardless of （1）and move freely across borders.Of the top 100 universities in the world, nine are headed by individuals（2 ） overseas and an emerging global market can also be perceived in the international ( 3 ) of some academic careers.But one US researcher, Ben Wildarsky, thinks that barriers to a foreignnational coming to lead a university are ( 4 ) higher than the barrier for studentsto study overseas or professors to teach overseas. He argues that international ( 5 ) at the senior management level tends to be confined to English-speaking countrie s,rather than running between anglophone nations and China or Latin America, for example. Language may be the (6) barrier here, he suggests, with universityleaders needing top-level contacts and communication skills to deal with governmentand business. Salary may also be a (7) .In Asia, the US researcher adds, universities seeking to attain world-classstatus are increasingly looking to tempt back senior Asian academics who (8) tothe West to study or further their careers. By (9) native-born professors with a background of success at top Western universities to return, Asian institutions are (10) some of the values that made those universities great.Section III: Answering Questions (5%)Directions: Listen to the following passage twice and answer the questions on your answer sheet.1 What should you always wear if you are driving a car?2 How far should you stop from an accident if you are not involved?3 What should you do if you stop behind an accident on a freeway at night?4 Where should you head for if you leave your car at an accident on a freeway?5 If your doors are blocked how should you try to get out of your car?Qualifying Examination for PHD Students: listeningName _________________ Department ___________________Class __________________ University Number _____________Answer SheetSection I （5%）1. ___________2. _________3. ___________4. __________5. ________ Section II (10%)1. ___________2. _________3. ___________4. __________5. ________ 10. __________ 1 2. _________ 13. ___________ 14. __________ 15. ________ Section III (5%)1. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5． ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。

人大考博英语大纲样题及答案

中国人民大学博士生（非英语专业）入学考试英语考试示例Part I Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: For each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best completing the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a singlebar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1．When I heard that Mrs. Thacher resigned, I called her. I wanted her to know that my heart was _____ her.A. forB. ofC. inD. with2. Gentleness has been considered a _____ trait.A. boyishB. delicateC. feminineD. male3. We know that this is ture, but _____ we recognize this truth only in our backward glance.A. all too oftenB. too oftenC. all too lateD. too late4. The retiring professor was _____ by his colleague.A. criticizedB. exaltedC. driven outD. examined5. He is honest. His actions are always _____ his words.A. contradictory toB. contradicted byC. agreed withD. consistent with6. Life is never just _____.A. livingB. beingC. existingD. going7. The lady _____ her skirt by sit on the seat while flying.A. disorderedB. disarrangedC. creasedD. crashed8. You must always be ready to sacrifice _____ to duty.A. inclinationB. tendencyC. interestD. career9. In many countries now, smoking is not _____ in public places.A. permissiveB. permissibleC. permutableD. pernicious10.His pleasant ways _____ me into thinking that he was my good friend.A. deprivedB. despisedC. divertedD. beguiled11._____ animals must be kept in cages in case they might hurt the tourists.A. LandB. DomesticC. ViciousD. Farm12. Almost overnight, Ames became a hero of environmentalists when his finding led to new ____and bans on certain chemicals.A. regulationsB. authoritiesC. ordersD. suggestions13.The ____ noise whistles kept me awake all night.A. incarnateB. incessantC. repetitiousD. rampant14. The baby seems content, he must have ____ his new nursemaid.A. taken toB. taken afterC. taken fromD. taken in15. He had either to leave the country immediately or to surrender himself to the Nazi authorities,and had no other _____.A. alternativeB. hopeC. resourceD. approach16. A good sense of rhythm is one of his natural ____ as a poet.A. endowmentsB. interestC. weaknessesD. accomplishments17. All his attempts to argue about the rightness were _____.A. futileB. not importantC. effective in caseD. without reason18.I ____ lowbrow, admire the highbrow all the more for his patronizing type.A. conceitingB. humbleC. overweeningD. poor19. Lowbrows are quite _____ for highbrows to have their symphonics and their Russion novels.A. contentB. containedC. capacityD. yearn20. As the speed of change brings design ____ fashion, then decisions about taste will have to bemade more and more regularly.A. near toB. nearer toC. next toD. close to21.The dark clouds suggest a(n) _____ storm.A. impendingB. surprisingC. fastD. enexpected22. To our grief, he became ______ to the drug.A. addictedB. interestedC. amusedD. disturbed23.Being a foreigner, Carl did not _____ to the joke.A. appreciateB. catch on toC. laughD. like24. Talks on climate change resulted in the German city of Bonn on July 16 to _____ globalwarming.A. focus onB. combatC. settle downD. sum up25. His parents _____ him to enlist when he was seventeen.A. permittedB. committedC. madeD. enabled26. _____ may think they are better than the facts would justify.A. OptimistsB. PessimistsC. CynicistsD. Humorists27. He quickly _____ behind the building to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his direction.A. duckedB. evadedC. escapedD. dodged28. By isolating negative words and phrases, you can _____ the damage you‟re doing to yourself.A. point outB. pointC. pinpointD. get29. It did the _____ service of freeing us from the dilemma.A. immenseB. muchC. lot ofD. innumerous30. Sports, and not learning, seem to _____ in that school.A. appearB. occupyC. dominateD. lead31. The local people could hardly think of any good way to _____ poverty they had endured.A. shake offB. ward offC. put offD. take off32. As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracleappears to depend on a seeming _____. The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.A. interruptionB. descriptionC. qualificationD. contradiction33. His meeting with Picasso was an important _____ in the artist‟s life.A. lessonB. episodeC. sceneD. chapter34. Borders these days have little meaning for Singapore- based regional _____ of electronics firmslike Sanyo and Philips.A. executivesB. officialsC. governorsD. servants35. Unfortunately, the woman‟s hat _____ my view of the stage.A. blocked upB. obstructedC. preventedD. interfered36. Meantime, road construction is _____ on the site of a proposed Tuman River Triangle.A. under wayB. in the wayC. of the wayD. by way37. Everyone knows that the firefly is a _____ insect.A. firingB. lightingC. luminiferousD. glowing38. Preferential policies and ready cooperation do play a role in _____ poverty.A. alleviatingB. activatingC. assaultingD. accustoming39. The fact that these regions are _____ in natural resources doesn‟t mean local people are well off.A. adorableB. accessibleC. abundantD. ambient40. In spite of a problem with the ____ equipment, some very useful work was accomplished.A. imperfectB. temporaryC. emergencyD. reinstalledPart II Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C and D for each question or unfinished statement and mark the corresponding letter with a singel bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1There is extraordinary exposure in the United States ot the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle acidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. A third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer that 4 percent of all dirvers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes, the probability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood.There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which intoxication plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a country‟s population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be penalized by this approach.To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at intoxicated drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers cited for any traffic offense and elevated BAC can be the basis for arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased arrests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this lever there is little evidence that laws serve as deterrents to drinking while intoxicatd. In Britain, motor vehicle fatalities fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. As the British increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the ensuing three years the fatality rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic beverage will deter the excessive drinker responsible for most fatalities is unclear. In part, the answer depends on the extent to which those with high BAC involved in crashes are capable of controlling their intake in response to economic or penal threat. Therapeutic programs which range from individual and group counseling and psychotherapy to chemotherapy constitute another approach, but they have not diminished the proportion of accidents in which alcohol was a factor. In the few controlled trials that have been reported, there is little evidence that rehabilitation programs of those repeatedly arrested for durnken behavior have reduced either the recidivism or crash involvement for clients exposed to them, although knowledge and attitudes have improved. One thing is clear, however, unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic intoxication plays a role, many will continue to die.41. The author is mainly concerned with _____.A.interpreting the results of surveys on traffic fatalitiesB.reviewing the effectiveness of attempts to curb drunk drivingC.suggesting reasons for the prevalence of drunk driving in the United StatesD.analyzing the causes of the large number of annual traffic fatalities42. It can be inferred that the 1967 Road Safety Act in Britain______.A.required drivers convicted under the law to undergo rehabilitation therapyB.make it illegal to drive while intoxicatedC.increased the number of drunk driving arrestsD.placed a tax on the sale of alcoholic drinks43. The author imples that a BAC of 0.1 percent _____.A.is unreasonalby high as a definition of intoxication for purposes of drivingB.penalizes the moderate drinker while allowing the heavy drinker to consume without limitC.is well below the BAC of most drivers who are involved in fatal collisionsD.proves that a driver has consumed five ounces of 80 proof spirits over a short time44. The author cites the British example in order to _____.A.demonstrate the need to lower BAC levels in states that have laws against drunk drivingB.prove that stricter enforcement of laws against intoxicated drivers would reduce trafficdeathsC.prove that a slight increase in the number of arrests of intoxicated drivers will not deterdrunk drivingD.suggest that taxation of alcohol consumption may be more effective than criminal laws45. The author‟s tone of then end of the article can best be described as _____.A. ironicB. indifferentC. admonitoryD. indecisivePassage 2No one can be greater thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who, with due study and preparation, thinks of himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. Not that it is solely, or chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. On the contrary, it is much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which whey are capable of. There have been, and may again be, great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any people has made a temporary approach to such a character, it has been because the dread of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended. Where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed; where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiansm was the mind of people stirred up from its foundations and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect ot something of the dignity of thinking beings.He who knows only his own side of the case knows little of that. His reasons may be good, and on one may have been able to refute them. But if he is equally unble to refute the reasons on the opposite side; if he does not so much as know what they are, he has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for him would be suspension of judgement, and unless he contents himself with that, he is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which he feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that he should hear the arguments of adversaries from his own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with his own mind. He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. He must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: he must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the s ubject has to encounter and dispose of else he will never really possess himself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in hundred of what are called educated men are inthis condition: even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be ture, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from and considered what such persons may have to say, and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess. They do not know those parts of it which explain and justify the remainder; the considerations which show that a fact with seeminlgy conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.46. According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find ____.A.acceptance of truthB.enthusiasmC.controversy over principlesD. a suspension of judgement47. Which of the following statements is true, according to the author?A.Most education people study both sides of a questionB.Heterodox speculation will lead to many errors in thinking.C.The vast majority of people who argue fluently are acquainted with only one side of anissue.D.It is wise to get both sides of a debatable issue from one‟s teachers48. As it is used in line 4 of the passage, the word …suffer‟ most nearly means _____.A. endureB. undergoC. permitD. support49. It can be inferred from the passage that a person who knows only his own side of an issue isregarded by the author as ______.A. uniformedB. opinionatedC. ignorantD. rational50. Which of the following statements do you think the author would be most likely to agree with?A. A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.B.Periods of intellectual achievement are of heterodox speculation.C.In a period of mental slavery, no true intellectual thought is possilbeD.Excessive controversy prevents clear thinking.Passage 3Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy‟s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ nearly 60 percent of the work force and are expected to generated half of all new jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.Too many of these pioneers, however, will balze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Mid-career executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also , at least for a while, be bookeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to have disappeared in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: Three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had workded with the same product or service in their last jobs.Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm‟s health in its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small –business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitabiliby. They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that mean the market for their ingenious service or product have evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.Frequent checks of your firm‟s vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot idea.51.According to the passage, a country‟s economy is probably decided by ______.A.the prosperity and decline of the transnational corporationsB.the rise and fall of the markets and products as well as capitalC.the fate of the small businesses such as small plants and restaurantsD.the economic increase and decrease of the large companies52. In order to succeed in a business, the entrepreneur should _______.A.get very well prepared for his new busnissB.choose a business he‟s already familiar withC.examine the company‟s crucial signs now and thenD.invest as much as possible into his enterprise53. Which of the following statement about small business is not ture?A.It helps effectively to fight unemployment.B.The earlier it starts, the sooner it collapsesC.There‟s a good omen for small business according to a survey.54. What does the last sentence in the 3rd paragraph mean according to the passage?A.The patient is seriously ill because of lack of water in the well.B.The patient can be saved if he has enough money to solve the financial problem.C.It‟s too late for small business owners to realize the gravity of the problem because theyhave used up their money.D.I t‟s urgentfor small business owners to pour all their money into the enterprise to revitalizetheir business.55. What‟s the main idea of this passage?A.How to become a winner in small business.B.How to be a successful boss in multinational corporations.C.How to deal with ups and downs in small business.D.How to conquer new markets and gain the largest profit.Passage 4The World Health Organization (WTO) is in trouble. Its leader is accused of failing to lead, and as the roganization drifts, other bodies, particularly the World Bank, are setting the global health agenda . Western governments want the WHO to set realistic targets and focus its energy on tackling major killer such as childhood diseases and tobacco.The WHO clearly needs to set priorities. Its total budget of $0.9 billion – around 10 p for each man, woman and child in the world – cannot solve all the wolrd‟s health problems. Yet its senior management does not seem willing to narrow the organization‟s focus. Instead it is trying to be all things to all people and losing dependability.Unfortuanately, the arguments for priority- setting is being seriouisly undermined by the US, one of the chief advocators of change. The US is trying to reduce its contribution to the WHO‟s regular budget from a quarter of the total to a fifth. That would leave the organization $20 million short this year, on top of the substantial debts the US already owes.The WHO may need priorities, but it certainly doesn‟t need budget cuts. Thanks to ther US‟s failure to pay its bills, many of the poorer nations see priority-setting as merely a cover forcost-cutting that would hit their health programs hard.The WHO would not serve poorer countries any worse if it shaprened its focus. It would probably serve them better. In any case, a shaprer foucs should not mean that less money is needed. When the US demands cuts, it simply fuels disputes between the richer and poorer countires and gives the WHO‟s senior management more time to postpone.The American action is not confiend to the WHO. It wants eventually to cut its contributions to the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Labor Organization too. But it knows that dissatisfaction with the WHO and its leadersip made the organization vulneralbe. It if wins against the WHO, the rest will lose out in their turn.America‟s share of the budget is already a concession. Each nation‟s contribution to the UN agencies is calculated according to its wealth, and by that measuere the US should be paying about28 percent of the WHO budget. But over the past three decades the US has gradually reduced what it pays the organization. The US should not ask for future cuts. Until it pays its full share of money, it will hold back the organization‟s much needed reforms.The world needs the WHO. The World Bank may have a bigger budget, but it sees improved health as jost one part of economic and social development. The WHO remains the only organization committed to health for all, regradless of wealth.56. How much of the WHO‟s budget should the United States pay in terms of its wealth?A. A quarterB. 28%C. More than $ 20 milllionD. A fifth57. Which of the following can best characterize ther US?A.It has stopped demanding reforms.B.Its managemtnt is inefficient.C.It is trying to pay less to WHO.D.Its government is not responsive.58. What does the author mean when he interprets the urge for a sharper focus?A.The US will be justified in cutting its financial contribution.B.More heated argumenteds will be unavoidable between richer and poorer countries.C.There should be better service for poor countries but no cost-cutting.D.The poorer countries will not receive more benefits.59. What is the United State‟s strategy to fight all those organizations according to the author?A.To defeat them all one by one.B.To defeat the WHO first and the others will give up.C.To exclusive cut contributions to the WHO.D.To cut contributions to all the organizations.60. Which of the following world organizations has the weakest leadership according to the passage?A.The International Labor OrganizationB.The Food and Agriculture Organization.C.The Wolrd Health OrganizationD.The World BankPassage 5The practice of capital punishement is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted exectutions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and dabate over whether governments should utilize the death penalty continue today.The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign against capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions during this period include French authors Voltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terribe crimes. Those who advocate the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effictive punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as human rights sissue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoints, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.61. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times _____.A.death penalty had been carried out before government came into beingB.people thought it was right for the government to conduct exectionsC.death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countriesD.many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel62. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?A.People began to criticize their government.B.The government was unjust in this period.C.People began to realize the value of life.D.Social critics were very active at that time.63. Critics of capital punishment insist that it _____.A.violate human rights regulationsB.is an ineffective punishment of the criminalsC.is just the revenge for terrible crimesD.involves killing without mercy64. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty_____.A.agree that it is a human rights issueB.agree that it can prevent crimesC.explain its statistical analyses differentlyD.think that they are asked different types of questions65. The author‟s attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as ______.A. supportiveB. criticalC. neutralD. contradictoryPassage 6The sound of gunshots has become an all too familiar and unwelcome occurrence in many communities across the nation. When shots ring out, 911 calls from worried citizens may come from a large area. Unfortuately, even with numerous reports, police are ofter frustrated in their efforts to silence this gunfire because they cannot pinpoint the location of gunshots rapidly. A U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientist recognized that sound waves traveling through the air away from a gunshot are basically similar to the sound waves traveling through the ground away from an earthquake. Scientist then have adapted their methods for quickly finding the exacty source of an earthquake to the problem of locating gunshots.Field testing of a gunshot-locating system inspired by earthquake technology began in 1995. After only a few weeks of testing and improving the software, the system was locating many signals that were clearly associated with gunfire. Automatic weapons fire was the easiest to identify because of the regular time interval between individual shots. The system was more sensive during the night, when there was less background noise from traffic and other urban activity. By the last spring , the system was undergoing final acceptance trials. Captian Jim Granucci of the Redwood City Police Department stated that “ even before the system was in use, the number of illegal gunshots declined as word of its existence speread. “In this test the gunshot-locating system worked remarkable well, and according to Commander Dominick Peloso of Menlo Park Police Department, “This system, when fully developed, holds great promise for assisting police in controlling and reducing violent crime.”When the results of the test were made public, there was an enthusiastic response from San Francisco Bay area residents, who asked local government officials to impletment such systems in their cmmunities. Interest was also expressed by private firms and law enforcement agencies both in California and elsewhere in the nation. Robert Showen, founder of a company that is now marketing a gunshot-locating system, said, “The USGS test demonstrated beyond a doubt that the concept was feasible and could be implemented quickly. Without this test, I would have been hisitant to invest in the development of my product.”66. The problem of gunfire is difficult to solve because _______.A.few people would like to report gunshots to the policeB.few policemen are available to capture the criminalsC.people are indifferent to the familiar sound of gunshotsD.the police cannot immediately rush to the scene of gunshots67. It can be learned that the gunshot-locating system _______.A.is more effective within a short distanceB.is proved to be more reliable at nightC.is not affected by background noiseD.is not sensitive to automatic weapons。

中国人民大学攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

中国人民大学2006年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题（大概回忆）人大2006年试题没有公布。

一、词汇，40个小题，20分，超难！不少来自GRE词汇题。

人大2006年英语令很多人叫苦不迭，其实主要是词汇难。

二、阅读，30个小题，30分，6篇短文，题量大，有一题是2002年硕士研究生入学考试阅读原题。

其他难度不亚于硕士研究生入学考试的英语阅读理解题。

最后一篇讲的是古希腊的斯多葛学派、伊壁纠鲁学派等问题，哲学的一些观点。

整体看，阅读理解题材涉及经济、历史、传记、艺术、心理、哲学等方面。

阅读理解其中两篇Text 1If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?”the new arrival asked St. Peter. “On, that's God,”came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.”If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties.With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don't succeed, give up”or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. (447 words)1. To make your humor work, you should .［A］take advantage of different kinds of audience.［B］make fun of the disorganized people.［C］address different problems to different people.［D］show sympathy for your listeners.2. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are .［A］impolite to new arrivals.［B］very conscious of their godlike role.［C］entitled to some privileges.［D］very busy even during lunch hours.3. It can be inferred from the text that public services .［A］have benefited many people.［B］are the focus of public attention.［C］are an inappropriate subject for humor.［D］have often been the laughing stock..4. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .［A］in well-worded language.［B］as awkwardly as possible.［C］in exaggerated statements.［D］as casually as possible.5. The best title for the text may be .［A］Use Humor Effectively.［B］Various Kinds of Humor.［C］Add Humor to Speech.［D］Different Humor Strategies.Key: 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.AText 2No one can be a great thinker, who does not realize that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead .Truth gains more even by the errors of one, who, with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think .Not that it is solely, or chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required .On the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human being to attain the mental quality which they are capable of .There have been, and may again be great thinker in a general atmosphere of mental slavery .But there never been, nor ever will be in that atmosphere an intellectually active people .While any people has made a temporary approach to such a character, it has been because the dread of heterodox was for a time suspended .Where there is an unspoken convention that principals are not to be disputed, where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we can not hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable .Never when prolonged argument avoid the subjects which are large and important enough to rouse enthusiasm was a mind of a people stirring up from its foundation and impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of thinking beings.He who knows only his own side of the case knows little of that .His reason may be good, and no one may have been able to refute him. But if he is equally unable to refute the treason of the opposite side, and if he does not so much as know what they are, he has no ground for preferring either opinion .The rational position for him would be suspension of judgment, and unless himself with that, he is ether led by the authority, or adopt, like the generality of the world,the side to which he feels the most inclination .Nor is it enough that he should hear the argument of opponents form his own teachers, presented as they state them, add accompanied by what they offer as refutations > that is not the way to do justice to the argument, or bring them into real contact with his own mind .He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them ;who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them .He must know them in their seemingly reasonable and persuasive form; he must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of ;otherwise he never really possess himself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty .Ninety-nine in a hundred of what we are called educated people are in this condition, and even those who can argue fluently for their opinions . They have never thrown themselves into the mental positions of those who think differently from them and considered what such persons may have to say.（以上是著名西哲约翰·穆勒的关于独立思考的经典文章，文章的语言相当精彩，对相关问题的论述具有很强的说服力和实用性。

人民大学商学院市场营销管理考博参考书备考复习资料-考试内容-真题分析-历年人数分数-育明考博

人民大学商学院市场营销管理考博备考复习资料考试内容-参考书-历年报考信息统计一、人大商学院市场营销管理博士复试考试（综合考试）内容专业考试流程及科目复试内容1202Z2市场营销管理（招生8-10人）1、初试考试科目：①②③“申请-审核-复试（综合考试）”2、跨一级学科考生复试笔试加试科目：④财务管理；⑤战略管理；3、同等学力考生复试笔试加试科目：④财务管理；⑤战略管理；⑥政治理论。

笔试：总分150分，专业外语50分、专业水平100分（含专业知识、研究设计、研究方法等）。

面试:总分150分，外语听力及口语50分、综合素质部分100分（含学术基础、知识结构、科研能力等）。

（PS：育明考博课程咨询方式扣扣：547 063 862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八有售各院校真题）二、人大商学院市场营销管理复试专业笔试范围及参考书专业专业笔试范围参考书（育明考博推荐，非院系指定）市场营销管理 1、市场营销理论与实践2、消费者行为理论与实践3、相关文献4、研究方法与设计1、《市场营销学通论》郭国庆2、《市场营销学教程》纪宝成3、《消费者行为学》迈克尔R所罗门4、《消费者行为分析与实务》王生辉人民大学考博英语复习参考书：育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》《考博词汇》，是最为权威的考博英语备考资料。

同时也得到了育明考博学员的肯定和证明，并且每年都会再版更新。

可以联系育明考博购买邮寄，或在全国各大书店及卓越亚马逊及当当网下单。

（PS：育明考博课程咨询方式扣扣：547 063 862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八）三、人大商学院招生方式及流程1、招生方式：“申请-审核-复试（综合考试）”2、报考流程：（1）网上报名（2）提交申请材料（3）资格审查（4）复试考核提交材料的内容：①个人陈述（内容包括个人学习及学术研究经历、所取得的成就、报考动机、未来发展构想等；无固定模板，由考生自由发挥撰写，总字数不得超过5,000字）；②科研情况一览表；③博士生学习期间的研究构想（内容包含拟研究的问题、知识储备、创新点、研究框架、研究方法、主要参考文献等；无固定模板，由考生自由发挥撰写，总字数不得超过12,000字）；④证明外语能力的外语成绩单原件及复印件；⑤本科、硕士阶段的成绩单原件及复印件；⑥硕士学位论文（应届生可提交论文初稿,硕博连读生可不提交）；⑦代表作原件1篇（含未发表的工作论文、学位论文等）；⑧博士研究生报名登记表；⑨学位证书复印件（双证硕士须提交硕士学历证书复印件，应届硕士生须在入学报到后补交学历、学位证书复印件）；⑩两名与报考学科有关的教授或相当职称的专家推荐书（专家推荐书空白模板请于网上报名并网上交费后，从网报系统中下载）；⑪报考在职定向的博士生考生须提交单位人事部门同意脱产学习一年的证明。

中国人民大学法学院民商法专业博士研究生入学考试历年试题商法专业考博试题

中国人民大学民商法专业考博试题93-2004[转帖]民法93．1．论合同自由2．新闻监督与侵害名誉权3．证券市场的现状与对策94．1．试论我国物权制度的建立与完善（40）2．我国公司法中有限责任公司与股份有限公司的异同（30）3．侵权行为责任与不当得利返还责任之间的联系和区别（30）95．1．论物权分类2．企业法人与社团法人的关系3．侵权行为与违约行为的异同96．1．评析民法通则2．物上请求权与侵权行为请求权之间的联系与区别3．缔约过失责任与合同责任的联系与区别4．评析人身保险合同（3、4选一）97．1．论我国社会主义市场经济与我国民商立法2．行使同时履行抗辩权和行使合同解除权的区别3．论典权的性质、典权与抵押、质押、买卖和租赁的法律关系4．论保险合同中当事人的基本权利义务98．1．国有企业改革中的民法适用问题2．效力待定行为与可撤销行为之间的区别3．试析最高人民法院关于《民法通则》的解释200条4．侵权民事责任与不当得利民事责任之间的比较99．1．我国《民法通则》和其他有关于我国民事权利主体的分类及法律地位2．用益物权的种类及逐一评述3．知识产权及其他财产权的异同，著作权与工业产权的异同4．有限责任公司与股份有限公司的异同2000．1、WTO 规则对我国民商事立法的影响2、论经营权3、论合同自愿原则4、网络环境下的知识产权保护2001．1．法人有限责任2．善意取得3．表见代理4．代位权行使的要件2002．1．论民事法律行为的发展和完善2．论物权请求权3．合同成立和效力的关系4．知识产权在民法中的地位20031.论民法典制定中的法人制度的完善2.评析物权行为理论3.论信托法律关系中的受托人的权利性质4.辨析效力待定合同与无效合同5.论知识产权的私权本质20041、论民法请求权2、从人格权和人格的关系论述人格权的民事法律性质3、论相邻权和地役权的关系4、论商业秘密权中国人民大学法学院2007年民商法中国民法1、法人的本质及侵权能力2、物权的排他性及与债权的关系3、买卖合同的风险担保4、纯经济损失中国商法1、论商合伙2、从资产市场的发展评公司法3、证券法对投资者保护的制度创新4、保险利益的含义和构成条件中国人民大学法学院2009年民商法入学考试博士试题中国民法：1、论间接代理与表见代理的区别（20分）2、论权利抵押与权利质权的异同（25分）3、论合同欠缺法定形式的法律后果（25分）4、论侵权责任法的权益保障范围（30分）中国商法：1、论商法的私法地位（25分）2、论公司与股东的法律关系（25分）3、论证券投资者和证券公司的法律关系（25分）4、论破产清算和普通清算的异同（25分）民诉93．1．论市场经济条件下民事诉讼法的完善。

人大商学院财务学专业考博真题

三、考博需要注意的五大事项（育明课程中心）1、目标明确确定了考博，第一件事是先确定报考学校和导师，不要再对考博的前景三心二意。

考博虽然不意味着成功，但至少是人生的一个重要转折点，特别是对于非名校毕业的硕士来说，考个名校博士肯定是得大于失。

不要同时准备两所学校，人的精力毕竟有限。

2、信息对称、方向正确各个学校都有自己的教学风格、研究侧重、学术倾向，复习时一定要掌握充足的考试信息，具体包括：参考书信息、出题侧重、导师的信息、专题信息、专业真题及权威解析、学术热点...在这方面，外校学生一般会吃大亏，因为有些课程的题目是该校的特色题，且不谈题目你没看到过，就算是题目提前给你，你翻遍书店可能都找不到答案。

如果说考博有什么捷径的话，那专业课老师的经验、方法和知识传授应该算最重要的一个。

3、复习时间充足考博也是一次应试，在有信息、有方向的基础上还需要必要的时间投入。

根据每个考生专业基础的好差以及有无专业课老师指导，复习的时间也是有非常大的区别。

建议考生可以在前一年度的7月份开始相关的信息收集和备考复习。

4、联系导师大部分院校的考博都需要在报考之前遇到事取得联系（北大部分学院不需要）。

一般来说，如果你的技能与导师的项目很对口，或者你在什么核心期刊上发表与导师的研究课题相关的论文，那他肯定会同意你报考。

如果你不具备上述条件，那么找导师的熟人介绍一下，导师一般也会要你。

还不具备的话，那你就脸皮厚一点，让他明白你为报考他的博士，付出了很多，导师也是人，会有同情心的，不要因为一次拒绝丧失信心。

实在不行的话，换一位试试，总有导师会要你的。

不过有一点要记住，导师招学生最根本的衡量准则是你的考分，你成绩不靠前，导师也很难帮你。

5、适当的经济支出包括人际关系费用，找该校的对口复习资料费用，报辅导班的费用，考试费等等，该花的最好不要省，只要是对考博成功有利的。

因为这些钱对于博士生出来后的待遇来说太微不足道了。

四、人民大学商学院考博复习策略（育明考博课程中心）人民大学考博整体的竞争还是比较大的，平均报录比在5:1左右。

人大商学院博士入学考试试题(完全精品)

经济学 (企业管理、技术经济和管理、财务管理)2001年----------------------------------------------1.论述如何建立社会主义市场经济体制。

2.论述我国的改革开放政策。

3.论述如何整顿市场经济的秩序。

2002年----------------------------------------------1.论市场经济理论与实践（50分）2.入世与我国产业结构调整（50分）2003年----------------------------------------------1.分析通货紧缩的成因及治理对策（40分）2.试析中国大陆对外开放政策的经济含义（30分）3.试论国有经济管理体制改革与经济发展的关系（30分）2004年----------------------------------------------1.论述经济活动中边际效益递增的条件和选择策略（20分）2.试述技术变革对市场结构的影响（20分）3.试分析我国经济高速增长下劳动工资趋向（30分）4.试分析我国生产要素总供给和总需求及当前经济情况（30分）2005年----------------------------------------------1.试分析周期理论主要流派（25分）2.试用结构—行为—绩效框架分析我国市场经济结构及其效应（25分）3.利用外部性理论分析循环经济（25分）。

（另：试用社会成本、企业成本（私人成本）和政府矫正外部性政策原理，论述循环经济与可持续发展的关系）4.分析我国企业如何进行国际化并购（25分）。

（另：试用规模经济理论分析企业兼并或收购的经济效应）2006年----------------------------------------------1.论述垄断竞争市场的特点及其资源配置。

（20分）2.论述熊彼特的周期理论，并分析我国多数产业产能过剩的原因及影响。

中国人民大学经济学院考博题库

博士生综合考试题库（来源：经济学班）2005年1、中国近代经济史的主要线索。

2、罗斯福新政的主要经济措施3、承诺对宏观经济政策有效性的作用4、逆向选择与劳动市场秩序1、中国工业化发展阶段判断及其政策选择。

2、“民工荒”对中国经济结构优化的意义。

1、试述国际贸易理论的创新与发展。

2、试述世界服务贸易自由化发展的障碍与背景。

1、试述科学发展观的实质和意义。

2、试论社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度。

3、试述中美贸易矛盾的原因并作出理论与政策分析。

4、试分析温特主义及产业价值链原理对中国产业结构调整的影响。

5、试论影响近期世界经济的不确定性因素。

6、说说对区域经济一体化的影响。

7、试述20世纪90年代以来贸易壁垒的内容及特征8、购买力平价理论评价。

9、如何完善我国上市公司的治理结构。

10、试述虚拟经济与实体经济的关系。

11、试论近期贸易保护主义的表现。

12、试分析经济全球化与区域经济一体化的关系。

13、说明不完全竞争市场与完全竞争市场的主要区别。

14、说明新古典宏观学与心凯恩斯主义的区别。

15、试论新制度经济学学派的产生。

16、说明新自由主义的产生和发展。

17、比较新古典主义宏观经济学与新凯恩斯主义政策主张的异同点。

18、论经济增长速度与经济增长质量的统一。

19、论旨在建立社会主义市场经济体制的政府改革。

20、如何认识市场失灵和政府失灵。

21、马克思主义经济学是如何研究资源配置的22、《资本论》是如何研究技术创新的？23、如何理解劳动生产率与商品价值变化的关系。

24、试述马克思管理二重性的理论及其意义。

25、如何理解马克思“虚假的社会价值”概念？1、推动社会生产力发展的最具决定性的力量是什么？2、我国提出的生产要素按贡献参与分配的改革的理论依据是什么?简要评述罗伯特希勒的行为金融学参考文献：《行为金融：走向现实的理论》载于《经济导刊》2003年4期1、试述“华盛顿共识”的主要内容并作出评价国名经济管理专业：试论政府对经济进行宏观调控的重要性试论市场在资本配置中的优点1、试述东西建立货币联盟的成本与收益2、试述WTO多边贸易体系存在的弊端1试论公有制经济和非公有制经济在我国经济阶段的地位和作用2、怎样理解邓小平理论的社会主义本质理论。

人民大学经济学考博综合试题

人民大学经济学考博综合试题一．简答题1. 简述影响利润率和平均率润率的因素；2. 简述社会主义市场经济条件下坚持公有制经济为主体和发展非公有制经济的关系；3. 简要说明消费者均衡以及其比较静态分析，并有替代效应和收入效应解释正常商品需求曲线的形状；4. 结合财政制度自动稳定器、财政政策乘数效应和挤出效应三个概念，简要分析和评价财政政策有效性。

二．计算题5. 假设一家厂商用两种生产要素生产一种产品，其生产函数为y=（x1-1/2+x2-1/2）-1/2，其中，x1和x2代表要素1和2的投入数量。

产品和要素的价格分别为p、r1和r2。

请按下面的要求回答问题：（1）判断该生产技术的规模经济状况；（2）计算两种要素的边际技术替代率MRTS12; （3）计算该厂商对要素1和2的需求；（4）如果要素的价格上涨，讨论该厂商利润将发生怎样变化。

6. 考虑一个经济：Y=K1/3×L2/3，这个经济有1000单位资本和1000个工人，工人的名义工资水平为W，经济的一般物价水平为P。

（1）请把这个经济中的劳动需求表达成实际工资和资本存量的函数；（2）如果实际工资可以调整到使劳动市场均衡，那么实际工资使多少？在该均衡状态下，就业量、产出和工人所得的总工资量使多少？（3）如果政府要求企业把实际工资上涨到1，会导致就业量如何变化？三．论述题、7. 论资本有机构成变化对资本主义生产和再生产的影响；8. 试论（微观）市场失灵的原因和对策；9. 2008年12月10日，国家统计局公布11月经济运行数据。

数据显示，11月工业品的出厂价格同比上涨2.0%，涨幅创近31个月新低，而此前2008年8月PPI涨幅为10.10%，9月下降至9.1%，10月再次大幅下跌至6.60%。

请用你所学的宏观经济学理论和模型分析：（1）11月份PPI的快速回落是前一阶段紧缩性货币政策所导致的吗？（2）PPI的快速回落给出了那些有关未来宏观经济走势的信息？（3）请评价先前紧缩性货币政策有的效性，并回答：相机抉择的货币政策好还是固定规则的货币政策好？。

中国人民大学博士研究生入学考试历年试题(经济学综合)

中国人民大学博士研究生入学考试历年试题（经济学综合）2005中国人民大学博士生入学考试试题科目：经济学综合专业：财政学金融学一、利用总需求曲线和总供给曲线，说明凯恩斯主义对经济波动的解释。

（35）二、运用相关的企业理论分析中国国有企业的治理结构问题。

（35）三、谈谈经济全球化对中国经济的影响。

（30）科目：金融学综合专业：金融学一、据近年来美元贬值的情况，分析和论述今后美元汇率的走势及对中国金融学的影响，你认为我们应采取何种政策？（40）二、结合中国银行和建设银行的股份制改造，论述商业银行产权制度与法人治理结构之间的关系，谈谈你对如何完善我国国有商业银行法人治理结构的认识。

（30）三、结合国际保险业的实践和经验，从理论上论述保险资金入市的积极意义及风险，阐明你对保险资金入市后管理风险的看法。

（30）2006中国人民大学博士生入学考试试题科目：经济学综合专业：财政学金融学一、运用内外均衡理论分析我国巨额外贸顺差对国民经济的影响。

（35）二、从市场结构或市场组织类型的角度分析如何提高我国国有企业的经济效率。

（35）三、试述新凯恩斯主义对“挤出效应”的看法，并结合我国的实际谈谈它的实用性。

（30）科目：金融学综合专业：金融学一、根据汇率机制形成理论，阐述当前人民币汇率形成机制改革及其对中国金融业的影响。

（35）二、试从金融开放和稳定的角度，评述国际商业银行入股中资银行后的积极意义及其风险。

（35）三、试述中国股权分置改革的理论依据及其对中国资本市场发展的预期。

（30）2007中国人民大学博士生入学考试试题科目：经济学综合专业：财政学金融学金融工程保险学风险投资一、为什么发展社会主义市场经济仍需要政府的适当干预？（35）二、试述国民收入的核算方法并说明绿色GDP的意义。

（35）三、你如何认识中美之间的贸易不平衡及贸易摩擦？（30）科目：金融学综合专业：金融学保险学风险投资注意：报考金融学专业的考生答一、二、三题，报考保险学专业的考生答一、二、四题一、试阐明外汇收支与国内货币供应的内在联系机制，并评述我国当前外汇收支对人民币供应的影响，应如何协调好外汇政策与货币政策？（30）二、论述在我国建立和谐社会过程中商业银行在农村金融体系中的地位，你认为应如何发挥商业银行在支持农村经济发展中的积极作用？（30）三、有观点认为，中国资本市场必须进行战略性转型，作为战略转型的重要步骤，在海外上市的大型国有（控股）企业正在回归A股，请对以下两点进行分析：1．海外上市的大型国有（控股）企业回归A股对中国资本市场发展的战略意义2．从资本供给角度看，如何实现市场供求的内外平衡？（40）四、随着国务院2006年23号文（国十条）的颁布及海外上市公司中国人寿和中国平安的回归A股，试分析中国的保险市场和货币市场及资本市场将可能发生哪些变化？适应这种变化，在分业经营的前提下如何构架三个市场的联动机制？（40）中国人民大学2008年博士考试西方经济学专业试题考试科目：西方经济学1、试述等价变化、补偿变化和消费者剩余之间的关系？并说明它们的经济含义。

中国人民大学博士入学试题

新闻史方向新闻史:怎样看待和评价中国近代新闻史上以“文人论政”为标榜的报纸和报人? 试结合当时的政治和新闻工作申论之。

(100 分)新闻理论:试述你对新闻理论的创新的认识的建议。

(100 分)新闻实务(加试) :11 新闻记者与新闻编辑同是新闻传播活动的主体,但又担负着不同的任务。

请你谈谈对采编工作和采编关系的认识。

(50 分) 21 成就报道是我国新闻传播的重要内容之一,你认为我国新闻媒介的成就报道有什么经验和不足? 如何才能做好成就报道? (50 分)新闻学论文:谈谈新闻工作者的职业操守。

(100 分)新闻理论方向、实务方向新闻理论:试述你对新闻理论的创新的认识的建议。

(100 分)新闻实务:11 你认为记者工作有哪些优势和劣势? 根据这些特点,新闻记者应该加强那些自身修养? (50 分)21 在现代新闻传播活动中,新闻报道的独家特色可以从那些方面表现出来? 你认为新闻编辑在创造新闻报道的独家特色方面应该做些什么? (50 分)新闻学论文(加试) :谈谈新闻工作者的职业操守。

(100 分)新闻史(加试) :11 五四和建党时期有哪些有代表性的报刊? 它们在马克思主义的传播方面起过那些积极作用和影响? (50 分)21 简论邹韬奋和范长江对中国新闻事业的贡献。

(50 分)传播理论及实务方向传播理论:1. 分析妨害我国传播业发展的瓶颈性因素。

(50 分)2. 大众传播的全球化(globalization) 与地方化(localization) 的趋势及其背景。

(50 分)传播实务:11 请联系实际对下述观点进行评述:“有效的传播节目往往是大众传播与人际传通的结合”(《传播学的起源、研究与应用》) (50 分) 21 对新闻传播的娱乐化的思考。

(50 分)传播史(加试) :11 论述无产阶级新闻事业产生发展的社会历史条件、主要特征及其颤进过程。

(50 分)21 论述20 世界最后10 年西方国家新闻传播业呈现的特征及其发展趋势。

中国人民大学考博英语题型及真题

2007年人民大学博士生入学考试英语试题Part I. V ocabulary (20%)Directions: Choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete eachof the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single bar across thesquare brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Tom doesn't think that the situation here is as good as his hometown's.A. economicsB. economicC. economyD. economical2. the increase in the number of computers in our offices, the amount of paperLhat we need has risen as well.A. Along withB. AltogetherC. AlthoughD. All along3. The food was divided __ according to the age and size of the child.A. equallyB. individuallyC. sufficienfiyD. proportionallycommurllC att. rt4. Our new firm for a credible, aggressive individual with.great s~!Is to fill this position. :A..have lookedB. are lookingC. is lookingD. look5. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, their c!ea-mess,toughness and low cost.A. by virtue ofB. in addition toC. for the sake ofD. as opposed to6: He ___ hinzseLf bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A.. repealedB. resentedC. replayedD. reproached7. Many of ~e fads of the 1970s as today's latest fashions.A. are being revivedB. is revisedC. are revoked.D. is being reviled8. All of the international delegates attending the conference to bring a souvenirfrom their own countriesA. has asked B,! askingC. were askedD. was asking9. Britain hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ..... yesterday, whenHunter failed to qualify during preliminary session.A. a severe set-backB. sharp set-backC. s severe blown-upD. sharp blown-up10. If you want to do well on the exam, you on the directions that the professorgives and take exact notes.A. will have concentratedB. have to concentrateC. will beconcentratedD. will be concentrating11. What ____ about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitudecool enough, professional enough and, therefore, creel enough when facing that tragedy.A. worked me outB. knocked me outC. brought me upD. putme forward12. Since his injury was serious, the doctor suggested that he in the game.A, did not play B, must not playC. not playD. not to play13. According to the latest report, consumer c0nfidence a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in ten yearsA. soared :B.mutatedC~ plummeted : D. fluctuated '14. Our car trunk with suitcases and we could hardly make room for anythingA. went crammingB. was crammedC. is crammingD. was been crammed15. The secretary didn't know who he was, or she him more politely.A, will be treating B. would have treatedC. was treatingD. would have been treated ~16. The instructions on how to use the new:machine that nobody seemed to be able to understand. ;simpli A. were v sfic B, was very confusedC. were so confusingD. was so simplistic17. John played basketball in college:and .... active ever since.A. have extremely beenB.has been extremelyC. will be extremely' D: should extremely be18. The of the spring water attracts a lot:of visitors from all over the country,A. clashB. c larifyC. clarityD. clatter19. __ the gift in beautiful green paper, Sarah departed for the party.A. Having wrappedB. To wrapC. WrapD. Wrapping20. The advertisement for Super Suds detergent that the sale' has increased by 25% in the first quarter of the year. ,A. have been so successfulB. had been so successfulC. has been so successfulD. will be so successful21. Tom and Alice having a new car to replace their old one for year's.A. has been dreaming ofB. have been dreaming ofC. has &'eamedD. will have dreamed22. Whenthe air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to beA. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated23. the heavy pollution, the cityofficialshave decided to cancel school for the day. .A.:PriorB.By means of24. Our boss is taking everyone to the ballet tonight, and I need to make sure my new dress for the occasion.A. has been cleanedB. should have been CleanedC. is being cleanedD. has been cleaning25. erry s mother kept telling him that in the street is dangerous, but he would not listen.A. played 'B. will playC. playingD. been playing26. A knowledge of history us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.A. equipsB. providesC. offers 'D. satisfies27. He wouldn't even think of wearing 'clothes; they nake him look so old!A. sameB. despiteC. suchD. that.28. Mary finalty decided all the junk she had kept in the garage.A. get ridB. gotten rid ofC. getting rid ofD. to get rid of29. The team leader of mountain climbers marked outA. that seemed to be the best routeB. what seemed to be the best routeC. which seemed to be tile best routeD. something that to be the best route30. Tom Jones, who around the world, will come to Asia next month.A. will be touringB. have touredC. had been touringD. has been touring31. The paint on the clown's face that it scared the children he was trying toentertain.A. was so exaggerationB. were an exaggerationC. was such an exaggerationD. was exaggerating32. Men often wait longer to get help for medical problems than women, andwomen live about six years longer than men on an average.A. instead ofB. constantlyC. consequentlyD. because33. The . emphasis on exams is by far the worst form of competition in schools.A. negligentB. edibleC. fabulousD. disproportionate34. There is conflicting information on how much iron women need in their diet.A. so much.B. so manyC, too few D: a few35. It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all to the flow of ideas shall be removed.A. propheciesB. transactionsC. argumentsD. hindrances36. Not until the 1980s in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.A. some concerned citizensB. some concerning citizensC. did some concenfmg citizensD. did some concerned citizens37. After failing his mid-term exams, Jeremy was face his parents.A. too ashamed toB. too embarrassing toC.very ashamed of ..... : :D. very embarrassing to38. My grandmother has been going to a better dentist, so this problems she is having with her dentures.A. won't eliminateB. will be eliminationC. should have been eliminatedD. should help eliminate39. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment40. During her two-week stay in Beijing, Elizabeth never a chrome to practice herChinese.A. passed byB. passed on~ C. passed out D. passed upPart II. Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: Read the following pa~sages and then choose the best answer(from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark yourchoice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoringAnswer Sheet.Passage 1British food has a good reputation, but English cooking has a bad one. Iris difficultto explain the re'on for this.Unformnately, however; superb raw ingredients are oftenmined h the kitchen s0 that:they come to the table without any of theh' natural flavorand goodness.This bad reputation discourages a lot of people from eating in an English restaurant.If they do go to one: they ate usury full of prejudice against the food. Ks is a pity,because :there are:: excellent cookS'in England,exCellent restaurants, and excellenthome-cooking. How, then;has the bad reputauon been built up.Perhaps one reason iS that Bfitain's InduStrial Revolution occurred very early, in therrdddle of the nineteenth century. Asa result, the quality of food changed too. This(wasbecause Britain stopped being a largely agricultural country. The population of the townsincreased enormously between 1840 and 1.870, and_people could no longer grow. theirown food, or buy it fresh from a farm. Huge quantities of food had to be taken to thetowns, and a lot of it lost its freshness on the way.This lack of freshness was disguised by "dressing up" the food. The rich middleclasses ate long; elaborate meals which were cooked for them by French chefs. Frenchbecame, and has remained, the official language of the dining room. Out-of-seasondelicacies were served in spite of their expense,' for there, were a large number 'ofextremely wealthy people who wanted to establish themselves socially. The "look" ofthe food was more important than its taste.In the 1930s, the supply of servafftS began to decrease. People still tried to producecomplicated dishes, however, but they economized on the preparation time. The Second orld War made things even worse by making raw ingredients extremely scarce. As a result, there were many women who never had the opportunity to choose a piece of meat from a well-stocked butcher's shop, but were content and grateful to accept anything that was offered to them.Food rationing continued in Britain until the early 1950s. It was only after this had stopped, and butter, eggs and cream became more plentiful, and it was possible to travelabroad again and taste other ways of preparing food, that the English md~fferenc to eating became replaced by a new enthusiasm for it.41 According to the author, it is difficult to explain .~ A. why excellent ingredients are spoiled in the process of cooking-B. why people do not like English cookingC. why British food often has a natural flavorD. why people prefer home-cooking to ready made food42. The negative effect of Britain's Industrial Revolution on English cooking is thatA. the population in the countryside decreased dramaticallyB. people no longer grew their own food on their own farmsC. the freshness of food was lost on the way to the citiesD. Britain was no longer an agnSculmral country43 As a result of the Industrial Revolution,A. more attention was given to the look of the food ....B. French became the official language .in English restaurantsC. a large number of extremely wealthy people ate in French restaurantsD. out-of-season delicacies became very expensive44. The Second World 'Wm' worsened the problem becauseA. there was an increasing demand f6r serv-antsB. there was a lack of raw ingredient supplyC. many women refused to choose meat from butcher's shopsD. French chefs dominated English restaurants45. A new enthusiasm for eating emerged in BritainA. when many women fmaUy had the opportunity to purchase fresh meat from a well-stocked butcher's shop.B. when butter, eggs and cream became availableC. when people started traveling to other cities ....D. after the early 1950s -Passage 2In his typically American open style of communication, Mr. Hayes confrontedIsabeta about not looking at him. Reluctantly, she explained why. As a newcomer fromMexico, she had been taught to avoid eye contact as a mark of respect to authorityfigures teachers, employers, parents. Mr. Hayes did not know this. He then informedher that most Americans interpret tack of eye contact as disrespect and deviousness.Ultimately, he convinced Isabela to try and change her habit, which she slowly did.People from many Asian, Latin American, and Caribbean cultures also avoid eyecontact as a sign of respect. Many African Americans, especially from the South,observe this custom, too:A master's thesis by Samuel A voian, a graduate student atCentral Missouri State University, tells how misinterpreting eye-contact customs canhave a negative impact when white football coaches recruit African American playersfor the~ teams.He reports that, when speaking, white communicators usually look away from thelistener, only periodically glancing at them. They do the opposite when listening theyare expected to look at the speaker all the timeManyAfdcan Americans communicate inan opposite way. When speaking, theytend to constantly stare at the listener; when listening; theYmostly lo0k away.' Therefore,if v&ite sports recruiters are not informed about these significant difference, they can bemisled about interest and attentiveness when interviewing prospective African Americanballplayers.In mulficulmral America, issues of. eye'contact' have brought about social conflictsof two. different kdnds: in ,many urban centers,.non-Korean customers .became angz-ywhen Korean shopkeepers did not look at: them' directly. The customers translated thelack of eye contact as a sign of disrespect,a habit blamed for contributing tothe openconfrontation raking plac e between some Asians and African Americans in New Y ork,Texas, and California. Many teachers too have provided stories about classroomconflicts based on their misunderstanding Asian and Latin American children,s lack ofeye contact as being disrespectful.On the other hand, direct eye contact hasnow taken'on a newmeaning among theyounger generation and across ethnic borders: Particularly in urban centers, when oneteenager looks directly at another, this. is considered a provocation, Sometimes calledmad-dogging, and can lead to physical conflict."' Mad-d0gging has become the source of many campus conf'ficts.: In one high school,it resulted, in. a fight between Cambodian newcomers and African-American students.The Cambodians had been staring at the other students merely to learn how Amerienas behave, yet the others misinterpreted the Cambodians' intentions and the fight began.Mad-dogging seems to be connected with the avoidance of eye contact as a sign ofrespect. Thus, in the urban contemporary youth scene, if one looks directly at another,this disrespects, or "disses," that person. Much like the archaic phrase "I demandsatisfaction," which became the overture to a duel, mad-dogging may become a preludeto a physical encounter.At the entrances to Universal'Studio's "City Walk" attraction in Los Angeles, theyhave posted Code of Conduct signs. The second rule warns against "physically orverbally threatening any person, fighting, annoying others through noisy or boisterousactivities or by unnecessary staring .... "46. Many African Americans from the South __ .A. adopt a typically American open style of communicationB. often misinterpret the meaning of eye contactC. avoid eye contact as a sign of respectD. are taught to avoid eye contact whenever talldng to the others47. When listening to the others, white communicators tend to.A. look at the speaker all the timeB. glance at the speaker periodicallyC. look away from the speakerD. stare at the s per:drer.:':48. Many customersin American cities are angry with Korean shopkeepers because~ A. Korean shopkeepers do not look at them directlyB. they expect a more enthusiastic recelSfi0n from the shopkeepersC-. there are some social conflicts in' many urban centersD. they are not informied about difference between cultures49. Mad-dogging refers to __A. a provocation from one teenager to another of a different ethnic backgroundB. physical conflict among the younger generation in urban centersC. a lack of eye contact as a sign of respectD. the source of many campus conflicts across ethnic borders in urban centers50. The archaic phrase ,'I demand satisfaction"A. was connected with the avoidance of. eye contactB. often led to a fightC. was. asign of disrespect:D. often resulted in some kind of misinterpretationPassage 3When television is good, nothing not the theatre, not the magazines, ornewspapers- nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite youto sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and staythere without a book, magazine, newspaper, or an2~hing else to distxact you and keeptfyour eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you willobserve a vast wasteland. Y ou will see a procession of game shows, violence, audienceparticipation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood andthunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western badmen, Western goodmen,private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials thatscream and offend. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you willenjoy. But they will be yery, very few. And ifyou think I exaggerate, try it.Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to Stretch, to enlarge hecapacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the children'sunderstanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a children's news showexplaining something ~about the world for them at their level of understanding? Is thereno room for. reading g.the great literature ..... ofthe past,teaching them the great-traditions offreedom?There are some f'me children's shows, but they are drowned out in the massivedoses of cartoons, violence, and more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Searchyour conscience and see whether you cannot offer more to your young children whosefuture you guard so many hours each and every day. There:: are many people inthis: great country, and you must serve all of us. Y ou willget no argument from me if you Say that, given a choice between a Western and asymphony, more people will watch the Western. I like :Westerns and private eyes,too .-but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest. Weall know that people .would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated orinformed. But your obligations are not satisfied if you lookonly to popularity as a test ofwhat to broadcast. Y ou are not only in show business; you are free to communicate ideasas welt as to give relaxation. Y ou must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity,more alternatives. It is not enough to caret to the nation's whims you must also servethe nation's needs. The people own the air. They own it as much in prime evening timeas they do at six o'clock in the morning. For every hour that the people give you~youowe them something. I intend to see that your debt is paid with service.51. What the author advises us to do is to!A. read a book while watching television programsB. observe a vast wasteland on telev/sionC. watch all the programs of our television stationD. find out why television is good52. What seems to have offended the author most on television isA. violenceB. commerci,'dsC. WesternsD. private eyes53. As far as children are concerned, the author's chief complaint is that __A. cartoons and violence have become trademarksB. there is no children's-news show on televisionC. there is no reading of great literature for childrenD. there are not enough good television programs for children54. According to the author, it is in the public interest toA. broadcast only popular television programsB. cater for the needs-of all the peopleC. broadcast both Westerns and symphoniesD. entertain people only55. It is the obligation of television business to __A. caterto the nation's whimsB. provide best programs in prime evening freeC. broadcast news. programs, at six in the morningD. serve the nation's needs all the timePassage 4Some Of my classmates in the same dorm established a chatting group on the Net when broadband was available on campus. Then everyone faced their own laptops and talked to each other by sending messages in the chatting group in the same room. Their dorm was silent the whole'night. the only sound came from tapping the keyboard. Before they went to bed that night, all of them sighed and said, that's ridiculous."Information Technology brings about revolufionary changes to human communication. The Internet makes the world aglobal village; thatis to say, we can get in touch with each other :swiftly regardless'of one's location. However, does the convenience in commumication mean that we are actually getting closer? i don't think so. As the anecdote above shows, access to broadband made my fellow classmatesfall in silence. The Cambridge International Dictionary defines "comrn unication" as "various farther from each other to some extent.e'Mutual understanding is based on expression. However, expression doesnt necessarily lead to soul touching communication and understanding. When we $ afrO,. with a mere acquaintance, we normally conceal our true feelings. Thus, we don't establish communication with him, because we do not need him to understand us. The era of cyberspace further demonstrates such separation of form and content.The Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to speak and express ourselves. With the prosperity of blog, there are, according to recent statistics, about 400,000 bloggers in China today, Bloggers express themselves on the Net at their will, while others read their blog and give comments once for a while. It seems that blog can make us touch upon the bloggers' inside world, and make us know them better. However, things are not always that perfect.Marly netJzens :are: abusing their right of free expression. Once you open the Explorer:and browse a website, trash information about sex and violence hits our eyes. People scold and flirt in the chatroom and Bulletin Board System (BBS).' When blog comes into being, netizens even transfer such vulgarity into their personal spaces, and show it to the public.In the era of the Informafion Technology, boom, the farthest distance On earth is no longer die polar distance the. negative impacts brought about by cyberspace have imposed an unfilled gulf between souls. Since we -carmot communicate to each other likebefore, the distance between people's hearts has become the farthest distance on earth.56. The most ridiculous part of the anecdote is thatA. there was a dead silence in the dorm roomthe whole nightB. the only sound cane from tapping the keyboardC. those living in the same room communicated by. sending messages via the NetD. they all faced their own laptops57 A....ordmo tO the author, Information TechnologyA; brings people closer to each otherB. results/n silence, among her fellow classmatesC. enables us to reach anyone swiftlyD. helps to make the world a global village58. The author believes that the booming of ri' in modern societyA. encourages the exchange of ideas and the mutual understanding between peopleB. leads to soul touching communication and understandingC. helps to establish a satisfactory relationshipD. results in further separation between people59. The prosperity of blog does not help us to touch each other becauseA. many people abuse their right of free expression on the NetB. vulgarity has been transferred into bloggers' personal spacesC. bloggers express themselves on the Net at their willD. anyone is able to read blog and give comments60. The author believes that in the era of the Information Technology boom the distance'between people's hearts has become the farthest distance on earth because __.A. there is always a silenceB. people are not able to communicate to each other like beforeC. the Intemet gives us nearly absolute freedom to express ourselvesD. people can scold and flirt in the chat room at will~ Passage 5According to a recent publication of the Equal Employment Opportunity Corrunission, at the present rate of ,'progress" it will take forty-three years tO end job discrimination--hardly a reasonable timetable.If our goal is educational and economic equity and parity-and it is then we need affirmative action.to catch upi We are behihd as a result of discrimination and denial of opportunity. There is one white attorney for every 680 wtfites, but only one black attorney for every 4,000 blacks; one white physician for every 659 whites, but only one black physician for every 5,000 blacks; and one white dentist for every 1,900 whites, but only one black dentist for every 8,400 blacks. Less th,mi 1 percent of all.engineers or of all practicing chemists--is black. Cruel and uncompassionate injustice created gaps like these. We need cre'ative justice and compassion to help us close them.Actually, in the U.S. context, "reverse discrimination" is illogical and a conradicfion in terms. Never in the history of mankind has a majority, with power, engaged in programs and written laws that discriminate against itself. The only thing whites are giving up because of affirmative action is unfair advantage something that was unnecessary in the first place.Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, as news accounts make it seem..There are 49 percent more whites in medical school today and 64 percent more whites in law school than there were when affirmative action programs began somein fact, is exactly what has happened in law and medical schools. In 1968, the yearbefore affirmative action programs began to get under way, 9,571 whites and 282members of minority groups entered U.S. medical schools. In 1976, the figures were14,213 and 1,400 respectively. Thus, under affirmative action, the number of "whiteplaces" actually rose by 49 percent: white access to medical training was not diminished,but substantially increased. The trend was even more marked in law schools. In 1969,the first year for which reliable figures are available, 2,933 minority-group memberswere enrolled; in 1976, the number was-up to 8,484. But during the same period, lawschool enrollment for whites rosefrom 65,453 to 107,064 an increase of 64 percent. Inshort, it is a myth that blacks are making progress at white expense.Allan Bakke did not really challenge preferential treatment in general, for he madeno challenge:to the preferential treatment accorded to the children of the rich, the alumniand the facultv,or to athletes or the very talented only tominorities.61. The author is for affirmative actionA. because there is discrimination and denial of opportunity in the U.S.B. if we aim at educational and economic equity and parityC. because it wAll take 43 years to end job discriminationD. when there is no reasonable timetable in the U.S.62. It requires to close the gap's between the whites and the blacks in the U.S.A. one black attorney for ever)' 4000 blacksB. a lot more black engineers and chemistsC, education and economic developmentD. creative justice and compassion63. Blacks are not ma Lng progress at the expense of whites, according to the author,because _A. what whims give up is only unfair advantageB. there are 49 percent more w!fites in medical school today alreadyC. whites, the majority in the U.S., will never discriminate against themselvesD. there are 64 percent more whites in law schools today64. william Raspberry, while commenting on the Bakke case, suggestsA. to offer 100 slots to whites and 16 to blacksB. to offer 84 slots to whites and 16 to blacksC. to follow what has happened in law and medical schoolsD. to interfere with what whites already have65. What Allan Bakke challenged was __.A. the myth that blacks are making progress at white expenseB. unfair treatment accorded to blacksC. preferential treatment in general。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

人大商学院博士入学考试试题
专业：企业管理、技术经济和管理、财务管理
一、科目：经济学
时间：2002年
1、论市场经济理论与实践（50分）
2、入世与我国产业结构调整（50分）
时间：2003年
1、分析通货紧缩的成因及治理对策（40分）
2、试析中国大陆对外开放政策的经济含义（30分）
3、试论国有经济管理体制改革与经济发展的关系（30分）
时间：2004年
1、论述经济活动中边际效益递增的条件和选择策略（25分）
2、试述技术变革对市场结构的影响（25分）
3、试分析我国经济高速增长下劳动工资趋向（25分）
4、试分析我国生产要素总供给和总需求及当前经济情况（25分）
时间：2005年
1、试分析周期理论主要流派（25分）
2、试用结构—行为—绩效框架分析我国市场经济结构及其效应（25分）
3、试用社会成本、企业成本（私人成本）和政府矫正外部性政策原理，论述循环经济与可持续发展的关系（25分）
4、试用规模经济理论，分析企业兼并或收购的经济效应（25分）
二、科目：企业管理
人大商学院博士研究生入学考试试题—企业管理（2002-2005）
专业：技术经济和管理
科目：企业管理
时间：2002年
1、从理论与实践结合上论述中国企业信息化建设（50分）
2、论入世后中国企业管理创新（50分）
时间：2003年
1、论述现代企业管理学派的形成和演变（40分）
2、论述企业核心能力及其理论基础（40分）
3、简述市场营销组合策略（10分）
4、简述企业人力资源管理的内涵（10分）
时间：2004年
1、试述知识管理的目标和主要内容（10分）
2、试析“平衡计分卡”原理（10分）
3、论述“以人为本”管理理论和实践（40分）
4、论述企业可持续成长战略（40分）
时间：2005年
1、试用国家竞争力理论分析我国企业跨国经营的条件和障碍（30分）
2、论民营企业的的再创业（30分）
3、论信息化和管理变革（40分）
时间：2006年
1.现代企业管理学派的形成和演变（40分）
2、论述企业核心能力及其理论基础（40分）
3、简述市场营销组合策略（10分）
4、简述企业人力资源管理的内涵（10分）
本人参加了07年的博士入学考试,凭记忆考题大致是这样的,希望对打算报考人大博士的战友们有点帮助!
1．经济学:
1现代经济学中关于企业的理论
2全球化与信息化对民族企业的影响
3用效用理论分析价格和品质变化对竞争力的影响
4IS-LM-BP模型分析宏观政策对企业的影响
2．企业管理:
1.定义企业家精神,并说明原因
2.如何建立企业文化(记的不是很清楚了)
3.企业的社会责任
2007人大考博——企业管理
因为是凭记忆的，所以可能不太准确
1、如何定义企业家精神，为什么？
2、从理论和实践的角度分析如何在绩效导向的企业中营造创新氛围？
3、论述企业对相关群体的社会责任？
原创]2007年人大商学院财务管理博士入学考试试题
1．经济学
1、论企业的性质
2、全球化和信息化背景下中国民族企业的发展战略。

3、说明企业产品价格变化和品质变化对企业竞争力的影响
4、用IS-LM-BP曲线的基本原理来说明当今宏观经济均衡的机理形成机制，以及对企业经营环境的影响
财务理论
1、国家法律体系对我国债券市场发展的影响
2、股票指数期权对股票指数变动的影响
3、说明企业创新与企业融资的关系
4、试对企业资本结构理论各流派做简单评析
5、如何提高企业集团财务战略的执行力
6、关于企业分配理论的一个研究方案的设计。