新课标高中英语必修一unit2学案

Unit2 English around the world
Language points:
1.include vt. 包含；包括—反义—〉exclude vt. 除去；排除
e.g.a. The list included his name.
b. I include eggs on the list of things to buy.
adj. 包含的，包括的
prep. 包含，包括
included e.g. Six persons, six women included, were killed or damaged in
the road accident.
+ n./pron. e.g. There are six people, including three women.
区别：include, contain, hold
·include:强调“包括，作为整体的一部分”，侧重范围或整体
e.g.He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech. ·contain:着重“其中确实包含有”，指在一定范围或容器内容纳某物，侧重包含的内容或成分。

e.g. The bottle contains water.
·hold:指“能容纳”。

e.g. a. The house hold 20 people.
b. How much water does the jug hold?
练习：
1.The parcel _______ a lot of things, _______ a second-hand dictionary.
A. contained; included
B. contained; including
C. included; contained
D. included; containing
2. The book _______ forty maps, ______ three of Great Britain.
A. contains; includes
B. is containing; including
C. includes; contains
D. contains; including
2.role n. 角色；任务；作用（同part）
play roles扮演角色
play the role/part of 扮演…角色 e.g. He will play the role of the doctor in my
latest drama.
play a role/part in sth/doing sth在…发挥作用/扮演角色e.g.Phonetics plays an
important part in the
study of English.
3. because of + n./pron/宾丛 e.g.She didn’t come to the party because of
what you had said.
because + 句子 e.g. I was late for school this morning because I overslept.
同义词：
·due to 由于，作表语或状语 e.g. The accident was due to careless driving. ·thanks to多亏，由于，作表语或状语e.g. Thanks to your advice, much trouble
was saved.
·owing to 由于，作表语或状语e.g. Tom’s failing in the exam was owing to his
carelessness.
·as a result of由于，作状语e.g.The flight was delayed as a result of fog.
·on account of 因为，作状语e.g. We delayed our departure on account of the bad
weather.
·by reason of 由于，因为，作状语e.g.He was excused by reason of his age.
4. native adj.&n.
①adj. a. 出生地的
b. 本地的，土生土长的
c. （常与to连用）本地产的
A是B地特产的动物或植物：A be native to B. = A be a native of B.
d.(指品质)与生俱来的，天生的
②n. 本地人，本国人，某地的动物或植物
e.g. a. Her native tongue is German.
b. Tom is a native Englishman.
c. Banana is native to Taiwan.== Banana is a native of Taiwan.
d. native speaker
f. He is a native of Beijin
g.
g. Are you a native here, or just a visitor?
h. The panda is a native of west China.
注：
One’s native place 指某人的出生地，但表达“是某地人”时，习惯上不说“My native place is …..”而说“I was born in ……”
拓展：
n.国家，民族
national adj. 国家的，国民的n(c). 侨民
n. (u) 国籍（c）民族 e.g. the minority nationalities 各少数民族5. the road to the modern English
to 为介词，类似的有：
the entrance to the hall
the answer(n.) to the question answer(v.) the question
the key to the door
a road to success
a journey/trip to Beijing a visitor to Beijing
the guide to ….
the notes to the text
an introduction to English grammar
6. not 与everything 连用表示部分否定
类似的：all, both, every, whole, always, altogether, entirely, wholly 等与否定词连用，构成部分否定。

e.g. a. All is not gold that glitters.=> Not all that glitters is gold. 发光的并非都是金子。

b. All men here are not honest. 这儿的人并非都诚实。

c. Both of the brothers don’t like the film. 兄弟两不都喜欢这部电影。

d. The rich are not always happy. 有钱人并非总是幸福的。

另：①not…and 的否定，被否定的往往是and 后面的那一部分。

e.g. a. She cannot sing and dance. 她会唱歌但不会跳舞。

b. He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他讲得清楚但不正确。

注：把and 换成or, not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。

e.g. a. She cannot sing or dance.她既不会唱歌也不会跳舞。

②not…as well as 只否定它前面的部分，表示部分肯定。

e.g. a. He doesn’t dance as well as sing. 他唱歌，但不跳舞。

b. The child isn’t lively as well as healthy.这个孩子健康，但不活泼。

拓展：全部否定
若表示全部否定，则用①none, neither, nobody, nowhere, never etc.+肯定动词e.g. a. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。

b. No pains, no gains.
c. None of them are right. 他们都不对。

d. Neither of us will go. 我们两都不去。

e. The book is nowhere to find. 都处都找不到这本书。

②anything, anything, any other etc.+ 否定动词
e.g. I cannot do any of the exercises. 任何一道题我都不会做。

7．Come up
a. = to rise （太阳）升起 e.g. The sun came up.
b. =to come near 走近 e.g.He came up and said hello to me.
c. =to appear or happen 显现；出现e.g. The question never came up.
d. （植物）长出地面
拓展：
come about 发生＝happen
come across 偶遇，碰到=come upon/meet with/run across (into)
come along 进展，进步come to 苏醒；结果达到
come on 来吧；赶快
come into being 形成（无被动形式）
come into power 上台，掌权
come into use
come out 出版；开花；发芽；出现come over 过来；顺便拜访
come true 实现
8．actually adv. 事实上；实际上；真实地
e.g.Actually, few of us will agree with him.
同义词：really, in fact, as a matter of fact，in reality, in truth, in point of fact, in nature
9. present n. &adj. & vt.
·①n. a. =gift 礼物 e.g. a birthday gift
b. 当前；目前at present＝now 目前
at the present time 在目前，在现在
for the present = for the time being 暂时，暂且，就目前来讲
up to the present =up to now 到目前为止
presently=soon 不久
e.g.a. I will treasure the birthday present he gave me.
·②adj. a. 出席的；到场的（作后置定语或表语）be present at 出席
b. 现在的；现存的（作前置定语）
e.g.a. There are twenty children present.
b. What is your present job?
·③vt. 赠予，颁予，提出，呈递
把某物给某人present sth to sb＝make a present of sth to sb
present sb with sth
e.g. a. They presented flowers to their teacher.
拓展：
presence n. 出席；到场；存在——反义——absence n.
present adj. be present at ——反义——absent adj. be absent from
练习：
1．__The teacher present ___(在座的老师) will have a discussion about it. 10．more…than 与其说…倒不如说 e.g. more brave than wise 有勇无谋more than 超过，不仅仅，不止e.g. It cost me more than $100.
no more than 不过，仅仅，同…一样不e.g. It’s no more than a mile to the shops.
no more…than …与…都不，不…也不 e.g. He is no more diligent than you .
你不勤奋，他也不勤奋。

not more than 至多，不超过，不比…更e.g.The new edition is not more
expensive than the old edition.
not more…than 不象…一样，不如…一样 e.g.This book is not more
interesting than that one.这本书
没有那本书有趣。

less…than
less than 少于
no less than 竟有…之多，多达 e.g. His son has read no less than 50 English books.他的儿子
竟然读了50本英文书。

（强调多）
no less…than 和…一样，不亚于… e.g.Her voice is no less sweet than it used to be.
她的歌声和以前一样甜美。

not less than 不少于,至少 e.g.His son has read not less than 50 English books.他
的儿子读了不少于50本英文书。

（不强调多或
少）
11. rule
·vt.&vi. (ruled, ruling) 统治，支配 e.g.Try not to let your heart rule your head.·n. 规则，法规，章程，统治权 e.g. The school rules must be obeyed.
拓展：
as a rule 通常，总体上＝generally speaking
by rule 按惯例
keep/obey/follow the rule(s) 遵守规则
break the rule(s) 破例，犯规
carry out a/the rule 执行规则
make a rule of doing sth 有做某事的习惯
make it a rule +to do定为规律，总是
by/according to rule(s) 按规则
under the rule of 在…的统治下
12．Such as＝like “诸如，譬如说…”用于列举事物，后不用逗号，所列举事物的数量不等同于被举例名词的总量，否则就应该用that is 或
namely.
for example=for instance “比如说”用于举例说明，其后一般用逗号，一般仅举同类人或物的一个例子。

e.g. a. Students, __such as___ Tom and Mary, should be learnt from.
b. Wear something simple, __for example__, a skirt and blouse.
13. request vt.&n. 要求，请求
request sth from/of sb e.g. a All I request of you is that you should be here earlier. request sb to do sth e.g. Gentlemen are requested not to smoke.
request that …..should….. e.g. He requests that you come earlier.
at the request of sb = at sb’s request 在某人要求下
make a request for 请求
14. recognize vt. a. 认出，辨认出；b. 承认，认可c. 意识到
be recognized as/to be 承认某人是
recognize sb to do sth 承认某人做某事
意识到
e.g. a I recognized my old friend at once.
b. They recognized him to be a great leader.
c. He recognized that he was not fit for the post.
d. He recognized that he was wrong.
辨析：recognize, know
recognize: 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来，是终止性动词；
know:是延续性动词，指相互间十分熟悉，十分了解。

e.g. a. I have known him for 10 years.
b. The town has changed so much that you wouldn’t recognize it.
练习：
----- Oh, it’s you! I ______ you.
-----I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.
A. didn’t recognize
B. hadn’t recognized
C. haven’t recognized
D. don’t recgnize
15. way n.
①路，道路
e.g. the way to the station 到车站的路ask the way 问路
②路线，路途
e.g.a. He is on the way home.
b. They sang songs to cheer the way.他们唱歌活跃路途。

③方向，附近（只用单数）
e.g. a.This way, please.
b. He lives somewhere Peking way.他住在北京附近某处。

④情形，状况，规模，程度
e.g. a.do an experiment in a small way进行小规模的实验
⑤习惯，作风
e.g. a. break down the old ways.
b. English way of living
⑥方法，手段，方式
e.g. a. the best way to do sth
b. in every possible way 千方百计
·the way 作“方式”讲，且为先行词，其后引导定语从句的关系词通常有三种形式：that, in which, 省略that/in which
e.g. It was not the words but the way you spoke that made him angry.
·拓展：
the way of doing 做某事的方式方法
the way to do sth 做某事的方式方法
on the way to sp 在路上，在途中on the way home 在回家的路上
all the way 自始至终，全程
by the way 顺便说
in the /sb’s way 妨碍，挡…的路
in a way=in a sense 在某种程度上，在某种意义上＝in one way=in some ways in this way=with this method=by this means 用这种方法
in no way=at no time=by no means=on no account决不
lose one’s way 迷路
feel one’s way 摸索着走
fight one’s way 打出道路，奋斗前进
make one’s way前进，行进
lead the way/show sb the way 带路，引路
no way 没门，别想anyway 无论如何，不管怎样
under way 在进行中。