欧洲文化课ppt：介绍弗朗西斯·培根

Monument to Bacon at his burial place, St Michael's Church in St Albans
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Knowledge is power,
France is …… bacon?
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author. 弗朗西斯· 培根（1561一1626年）， 第一代圣阿尔本子爵，英国著名哲学 家、政治家、科学家、法理学家、演 说家和作家。
Francis Bacon's statue at Gray's Inn, South Square, London
His parliamentary career began when he was elected MP for Bossiney, Cornwall, in a by-election in 1584.
Bacon has been called the father of empiricism. His works argued for the possibility of scientific knowledge based only upon inductive and careful observation of events in nature. Most importantly, he argued this could be achieved by use of a skeptical and methodical approach whereby scientists aim to avoid misleading themselves. While his own practical ideas about such a method, the Baconian method, did not have a long lasting influence, the general idea of the importance and possibility of a skeptical methodology makes Bacon the father of scientific method. The practical details of which are still central in debates about science and methodology today. 培根被称作实验哲学之父。他提出科学研究应该应该基于对自 然现象的仔细观察和归纳。最重要的是，他认为科学家应该通 过不断质疑和有条理的方法来得出正确结论。虽然他自己总结 的实践方法“培根法”并没有产生深远影响，但是他认定通过 质疑来获得真理的想法，使他成为了实验方法之父。他的科学 实践理论仍然现今是科学方法的核心。
Bacon was educated at home in his early years owing to poor health, which would plague him throughout his life. 培根天生体弱多病，所以自幼在 家习书。他的体弱也使得他一生 病疾不断。
He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, on 5 April 1573 at the age of 12, living for three years there. 他十二岁进入剑桥 大学三一学院，但 是三年后中途辍学，Memorial to Francis Bacon, in the chapel of Trinity College, Cambridge 未获得学位。
1602年，伊丽莎白去世，詹姆士一世 继位。由于培根曾力主苏格兰与英格 兰的合并，受到詹姆士的大力赞赏。 培根因此平步青云，扶摇直上。
Francis Bacon and the members of the Parliament in the day of his political fall
But Bacon's public career ended in disgrace in 1621 when a parliamentary committee on the administration of the law charged him with 23 separate counts of corruption. He was sentenced to a fine of £40,000 and committed to the Tower of London at the king's pleasure; the imprisonment lasted only a few days and the fine was remitted by the king. 1621年，培根被国会指控贪污受贿，被高级法庭判处罚金四万 磅，监禁于伦敦塔内，终生逐出宫廷，不得任议员和官职。虽 然后来罚金和监禁皆被豁免，但培根却因此而身败名裂。
他从十六岁开始给英国驻巴黎大使 Sir Amias Paulet 当了一个时期的官员。 其后三年他游历了布洛瓦、普瓦捷、 图 尔、意大利和西班牙。
The sudden death of his father in February 1579 prompted Bacon to return to England. Sir Nicholas had laid up a considerable sum of money to purchase an estate for his youngest son, but he died before doing so, and Francis was left with only a fifth of that money. 但是当培根十八岁时，他 的父亲猝死，且未能给他 留下什么钱财。
1584年，培根当选为国会议员，从 此开始了他的政治生涯。
The succession of James I brought Bacon into greater favour. He was knighted in 1603. And he made great success in politics in the next few years.
The Life Of Bacon
Francis Bacon was born on 22 January 1561 at York House near the Strand in London, the son of Sir Nicholas Bacon.
弗朗西斯· 培根于1561年出生于伦 敦，是伊丽莎白一世手下一位高 级政府官员的儿子。
In 1576, Francis went abroad with Sir Amias Paulet who is the English ambassador at Paris. For the next three years he visited Blois [blwɑ:] , Poitiers, Tours, Italy, and Spain.
Subsequently, the disgraced viscount devoted himself to study and writing. 从此培根不理政事，开始专心 从事理论著述。
On 9 April 1626, Bacon died of pneumonia while at Arundel mansion at Highgate outside London. One day e was journeying to Highgate through the snow with the King's physician when he is suddenly inspired by the possibility of using the snow to preserve meat. So they went into a poor woman's house at the bottom of Highgate hill, and bought a fowl, and made the woman exenterate[ek'sentəreɪt] it. After stuffing the fowl with snow, Bacon contracted a fatal case of pneumonia[nju:ˈməʊniə] and lost his life. 1626年3月底，培根坐车途径伦敦北郊。当时他正在潜心研究 冷热理论及其实际应用问题。当路过一片雪地时，他突然想作 一次实验，他宰了一只鸡，把雪填进鸡肚，以便观察冷冻在防 腐上的作用。 但由于他身体孱弱，经受不住风寒的侵袭，支气管炎复发，病 情恶化，于1626年4月9日清晨病逝。
Hale Waihona Puke The 18-year-old Francis Bacon.
For two years he worked quietly at Gray's Inn, until he was admitted as an outer barrister in 1582. 为谋生计他开始在 格雷法律学院攻读 法律，二十一岁时 找到了一个律师的 职业。