嵌入式系统设计与仿真

Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
可供选用的验证技术
Simulation Static timing analysis Formal verification Physical verification Emulation Prototyping HW acceleration HW/SW co-simulation
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Simulation
模拟一个系统就是分析系统本身的一个模型（可由系统描述而 得）的行为 用途：
Debug Verification Validation DRC(design rule check) Performance analysis Timing analysis
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
RTOS的发展
1981年Ready System发展了世界上第1个商业嵌入式实时内核（ VTRX32）包含了许多传统操作系统的特征，包括任务管理、任务 间通讯、同步与相互排斥、中断支持、内存管理等功能。 随后，出现了如Integrated System Incorporation (ISI)的 PSOS、IMG的VxWorks、QNX公司的QNX 等，Palm OS， WinCE，嵌入式Linux，Lynx，uCOS、Nucleux，以及国内的 Hopen、Delta OS等嵌入式操作系统。 今天RTOS已经在全球形成了1个产业，根据美国EMF（电子市场分 析）报告，1999年全球RTOS市场产值达3.6亿美元，而相关的整 个嵌入式开发工具（包括仿真器、逻辑分析仪、软件编译器和调 试器）则高达9亿美元。
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Testing Versus Verification
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Mission impossible
32 bit adder
265 input values 1 ns/a single value whole simulation process ：1100+ years
CPU Intel 8080
About 120 latches 256 machine instructions 16-bit operands 3.15*1045 instructions：1032 years(the life of our universe is 2*1010 years）
硬件设计工具（EDA工具）
系统级设计工具 Cadence的SPW System View 模拟电路系统仿真工具 Pspice EWB PCB设计工具 Protel PADs 的Power PCB & Tool Kit Mentor的Expedition & Tool Kit 可编程逻辑器件设计工具 Mentor FPGA Advantage & ModelSim Xilinx Foundation ISE & Tool Kit 各种综合和仿真第三方工具 Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
RTL Coding
Functional Verification Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Functional Verification
To ensure that a design implements the intended functionality You can only prove the presence of bugs but hard to prove their absence
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Milestones for IC Industry
1947: Bardeen, Brattain & Shockley invented the transistors, foundation of the IC industry 1952: SONY introduced the first transistor-based radio 1958: Kilby invented integrated circuits (ICs) 1968: Noyce and Moore founded Intel 1971: Intel announced 4-bit 4004 microprocessors (2300 transistors) 1976/81: Apple / IBM PC 1985: Intel began focusing on microprocessor products 1987: TSMC was founded (fabless design) 1991: ARM introduced its first embeddable RISC IP core (chipless design) 1996: Samsung introduced prototype 1G DRAM Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Embedded Systems
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
嵌入式系统设计流程
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
嵌入式系统设计与仿真
文献阅读课2011 李明 2011.3.28
嵌入式系统设计与实现
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
嵌入式系统的发展
嵌入式系统本身是一个相对模糊的定义。一个手持的MP3和一个 PC104的微型工业控制计算机都可以认为是嵌入式系统。 嵌入式系统已经有了近30年的发展历史，它是硬件和软件交替 发展的双螺旋式发展。 最早的单片机是Intel公司的4044，它出现在1971年 Motorola同时推出了68HC05，Zilog公司推出了Z80系列，这些 早期的单片机均含有256字节的RAM、4K的ROM、4个8位并口、 1个全双工串行口、两个16位定时器。 在80年代初，Intel又进一步完善了8048，在它的基础上研 制成功了8051。
Evolution of IC
1958: 1962: 1967: 1972: 1978: 1990: 2000: Single transistor SSI MSI (Medium) LSI VLSI ULSI (Ultra) SOC (System on 1 10 100 1000 105-106 >106 Chip)
典型嵌入式系统基本组成－软件
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
嵌入式微处理器分类
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
国内的定义： 以应用为中心、以计算机技术为基础、软件硬件 可裁剪、功能、可靠性、成本、体积、功耗严格 要求的专用计算机系统。
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
典型嵌入式系统基本组成－硬件
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Time-to-market
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Increasing Cost of customization
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
几种最常见的RTOS
软实时RTOS 嵌入式Linux Win CE 硬实时RTOS VxWorks OSE Nuclear 著名的open RTOS ucOS/II RTEMS 自主知识产权的RTOS HOPEN Delta OS
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Intel 8086 Microprocessor
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
4
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Simulation methodology
Abstraction
Higher levels:gate level to register transfer level
Acceleration
Special-purpose HW
Analysis
Formal verification
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
嵌入式处理器的发展— — Intel 4004 Microprocessor
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
Intel 8085 Microprocessor
Pentium Processor Details
Copyright © 2011, Li Ming. All rights reserved.
嵌入式系统定义
IEEE（国际电气和电子工程师协会）的定义：
devices used to control, monitor, or assist the operation of equipment, machinery or plants