美国文学简史常耀信版讲义2-2
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of one’s character) • (5) Continued progress of mankind • (6) Divinity of mankind • (7) Depravity of mankind
• 2. Romantic Idealism • Center of the world is spirit, absolute
• Keys:
• ---The new spirit was neither social, nor political, nor industrial, nor economic, nor literary, nor scientific, nor religious. It was all of them at once. It transcended every phase of life. It is a whole new way of thinking.
and subconsciousness)
IV. Influence
• 1. It served as an ethical guide to life for a young nation and brought about the idea that human can be perfected by nature. It stressed religious tolerance, called to throw off shackles of customs and traditions and go forward to the development of a new and distinctly American culture.
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803----1882) ---
Major Literary Works
Nature The American Scholar
The Poet Divinity School Address
The Over-Soul
Nature
This work has the clearest statement of Transcendentalist ideas. In it Emerson stated that man should not see nature merely as something to be used; that man’s relationship with nature transcends the idea of usefulness.
I. Background: four sources
• 1. Unitarianism唯一神教派 • (1) Fatherhood of God • (2) Brotherhood of men • (3) Leadership of Jesus • (4) Salvation by character (perfection
Chapter 4 New England Transcendentalism: Summit of Romanticism
Transcendentalism • Transcendentalism is an American literary, political, and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century, centered around Ralph Waldo Emerson.
• 3. It helped to create the first American renaissance – one of the most prolific period in American literature.
Major writers and Literary Works
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803----1882) Henry David Thoreau (1817----1862) Louisa May Alcott (1832----1888)
Nature is a kind of discipline to man. Once you are in nature, totally in solitude, you feel you’re nothing, but you see all. Nature makes people feel transparent and humble. Meanwhile, He saw an important difference between understanding (judging things only according to tБайду номын сангаасe senses) and reason.
• 2. It advocated idealism that was great needed in a rapidly expanded economy where opportunity often became opportunism, and the desire to “get on” obscured the moral necessity for rising to spiritual height.
spirit (Kant) • 3. Oriental mysticism • Center of the world is “oversoul” • 4. Puritanism • Eloquent expression in
transcendentalism
• II. Appearance • 1836, “Nature” by Emerson • III. Features • 1. spirit/oversoul • 2. importance of individualism • 3. nature – symbol of spirit/God • garment of the oversoul • 4. focus in intuition (irrationalism
• 2. Romantic Idealism • Center of the world is spirit, absolute
• Keys:
• ---The new spirit was neither social, nor political, nor industrial, nor economic, nor literary, nor scientific, nor religious. It was all of them at once. It transcended every phase of life. It is a whole new way of thinking.
and subconsciousness)
IV. Influence
• 1. It served as an ethical guide to life for a young nation and brought about the idea that human can be perfected by nature. It stressed religious tolerance, called to throw off shackles of customs and traditions and go forward to the development of a new and distinctly American culture.
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803----1882) ---
Major Literary Works
Nature The American Scholar
The Poet Divinity School Address
The Over-Soul
Nature
This work has the clearest statement of Transcendentalist ideas. In it Emerson stated that man should not see nature merely as something to be used; that man’s relationship with nature transcends the idea of usefulness.
I. Background: four sources
• 1. Unitarianism唯一神教派 • (1) Fatherhood of God • (2) Brotherhood of men • (3) Leadership of Jesus • (4) Salvation by character (perfection
Chapter 4 New England Transcendentalism: Summit of Romanticism
Transcendentalism • Transcendentalism is an American literary, political, and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century, centered around Ralph Waldo Emerson.
• 3. It helped to create the first American renaissance – one of the most prolific period in American literature.
Major writers and Literary Works
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803----1882) Henry David Thoreau (1817----1862) Louisa May Alcott (1832----1888)
Nature is a kind of discipline to man. Once you are in nature, totally in solitude, you feel you’re nothing, but you see all. Nature makes people feel transparent and humble. Meanwhile, He saw an important difference between understanding (judging things only according to tБайду номын сангаасe senses) and reason.
• 2. It advocated idealism that was great needed in a rapidly expanded economy where opportunity often became opportunism, and the desire to “get on” obscured the moral necessity for rising to spiritual height.
spirit (Kant) • 3. Oriental mysticism • Center of the world is “oversoul” • 4. Puritanism • Eloquent expression in
transcendentalism
• II. Appearance • 1836, “Nature” by Emerson • III. Features • 1. spirit/oversoul • 2. importance of individualism • 3. nature – symbol of spirit/God • garment of the oversoul • 4. focus in intuition (irrationalism