国际货币基金组织概述
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International Monetary Fund (IMF)
环小丽 2011312866
• Introduction • Reinforcing international cooperation • Ensuring sufficient resources • The history of international monetary fund • The activities of---• The aims • An adaption • The tools • How to be one member of IMF
December 1945 ---itwk.baidu.com membership began to expand in
the late 1950s and during the 1960s
2)The end of the Bretton Woods System(1972-1981)
---by early 1960s, dollar’s fixed value, under the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates
• Managing Director Strauss-Kahn said: 1)The emphasis on fiscal stimulus is essential to
restore global growth 2)The declaration recognizes that some countries
---during 1970s, expansionary fiscal policies and overvalued exchange rates
---crisis broke out in Mexico in 1982
4)The end of communism(1989-2004)
---the fall of Berlin wall in 1989 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in1991 enabled it to be a universal institution
• Its role in reform of financial markets is based on its responsibility for surveillance of the global financial system
Ensuring sufficient resources
1)Cooperation and reconstruction(1994-1917)
---found reason: breakdown in international monetary cooperation
---it was conceived in July 1944 ---it came into formal existence in
---the system collapse, the members have been free to choose any form of exchange arrangement
3)Debt and painful reforms(1982-1989)
---the oil shocks of the 1970s
have more room for maneuver than others 3)The global stimulus needs to be large, in the order
of 2 percent of world GDP, to make a sizeable difference to global growth prospects
Introduction
• A latest news：world leaders launch action plan to combat financial crisis on November 15,2008
• The aims is at resolving the global financial crisis and supporting the IMF’s capacity to contribute to these efforts
The sufficient resources can help to overcome crisis. It has acted to help emerging markets caught up in the crisis
----loans for Hungary and Ukraine
----agreement in principle with Pakistan
----a loan for Iceland
The history (5 period)
1)Cooperation and reconstruction(1994-1917) 2)The end of the Bretton Woods
System(1972-1981) 3)Debt and painful reforms(1982-1989) 4)The end of communism(1989-2004) 5)Continued glolalization(2005-present)
Reinforcing international cooperation
• Strauss-Kahn noted G-20’s endorsement of strengthening the IMF’s mandate in the areas of macroeconomic surveillance， lending to member countries in need，and providing assistance to build up capacity in emerging market and developing countries
环小丽 2011312866
• Introduction • Reinforcing international cooperation • Ensuring sufficient resources • The history of international monetary fund • The activities of---• The aims • An adaption • The tools • How to be one member of IMF
December 1945 ---itwk.baidu.com membership began to expand in
the late 1950s and during the 1960s
2)The end of the Bretton Woods System(1972-1981)
---by early 1960s, dollar’s fixed value, under the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates
• Managing Director Strauss-Kahn said: 1)The emphasis on fiscal stimulus is essential to
restore global growth 2)The declaration recognizes that some countries
---during 1970s, expansionary fiscal policies and overvalued exchange rates
---crisis broke out in Mexico in 1982
4)The end of communism(1989-2004)
---the fall of Berlin wall in 1989 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in1991 enabled it to be a universal institution
• Its role in reform of financial markets is based on its responsibility for surveillance of the global financial system
Ensuring sufficient resources
1)Cooperation and reconstruction(1994-1917)
---found reason: breakdown in international monetary cooperation
---it was conceived in July 1944 ---it came into formal existence in
---the system collapse, the members have been free to choose any form of exchange arrangement
3)Debt and painful reforms(1982-1989)
---the oil shocks of the 1970s
have more room for maneuver than others 3)The global stimulus needs to be large, in the order
of 2 percent of world GDP, to make a sizeable difference to global growth prospects
Introduction
• A latest news：world leaders launch action plan to combat financial crisis on November 15,2008
• The aims is at resolving the global financial crisis and supporting the IMF’s capacity to contribute to these efforts
The sufficient resources can help to overcome crisis. It has acted to help emerging markets caught up in the crisis
----loans for Hungary and Ukraine
----agreement in principle with Pakistan
----a loan for Iceland
The history (5 period)
1)Cooperation and reconstruction(1994-1917) 2)The end of the Bretton Woods
System(1972-1981) 3)Debt and painful reforms(1982-1989) 4)The end of communism(1989-2004) 5)Continued glolalization(2005-present)
Reinforcing international cooperation
• Strauss-Kahn noted G-20’s endorsement of strengthening the IMF’s mandate in the areas of macroeconomic surveillance， lending to member countries in need，and providing assistance to build up capacity in emerging market and developing countries