考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析assage
2014考研英语一真题(含答案解析)
2014考研英语一真题(含答案解析) Introduction:The 2014 Graduate Entrance Examination (GEE) English Paper I is a significant subject of discussion for candidates aspiring to pursue postgraduate studies in China. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the exam, including the question types, difficulty level, and detailed answer explanations. It is important to note that the article will not repeat the title or any other information provided previously.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionThe first section of the 2014 GEE English Paper I focuses on reading comprehension. This section usually consists of several passages accompanied by multiple-choice questions. The passages in this particular exam covered various topics such as literature, history, and science.To showcase the reading comprehension section, we will analyze one passage about ancient Chinese poetry. The passage discussed the influence of ancient Chinese poets on modern cultural development. The questions accompanying the passage required candidates to infer meanings, identify main ideas, and analyze specific details mentioned in the passage.Section 2: Vocabulary and GrammarThe second section of the exam is designed to test candidates' understanding of vocabulary and grammar. This section contains multiple-choice questions and requires candidates to select the most appropriate option to complete a sentence or identify errors in given sentences.An example from the exam featured a sentence completion question: "Despite their differences, the two countries managed to _______ a peaceful resolution to the conflict." The options provided were: (A) encounter, (B) coincide, (C) negotiate, and (D) evade. Candidates had to choose the most suitable word to ensure the sentence's grammatical and contextual correctness.Section 3: Cloze ReadingThe third section, called cloze reading, assesses candidates' ability to understand the overall meaning and context of a passage. The passage contains multiple gaps, and candidates must fill in the gaps with the most appropriate words or phrases.For instance, the 2014 exam included a passage about climate change. Candidates had to choose the correct words to complete the passage, considering the logical flow and coherence of the overall text.Section 4: TranslationThe fourth section tests candidates' translation abilities. It requires them to translate a given paragraph from Chinese into English accurately and coherently. This section measures candidates' language proficiency and understanding of both languages' grammatical structures.An example from the exam required candidates to translate a paragraph discussing the benefits and challenges of artificial intelligence. Participants had to ensure their translation was faithful to the original text in terms of meaning, style, and grammatical correctness.Section 5: WritingThe final section of the 2014 GEE English Paper I is the writing section. Candidates are provided with a topic and are required to write an essay showcasing their ability to organize ideas logically, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and demonstrate critical thinking skills.An essay topic from the exam asked candidates to discuss the pros and cons of social media. Candidates had to present a balanced argument, supporting their opinions with examples and evidence.Conclusion:The 2014 GEE English Paper I was a comprehensive examination that evaluated candidates' reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar proficiency, translation skills, and overall written English abilities. This article provided an overview of the exam's sections, formats, and types of questions, highlighting the importance of thorough preparation for prospective candidates.。
考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994 Passage 3
1994 Passage 3Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding — the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities."All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children — the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children — disabled or not — to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.59. In paragrah 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ________.[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ________.[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potentials[D] disabled children deserve special consideration61. This passage mainly deals with ________.[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ________.[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was clearly stated by the country's founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisions重点词汇：denote （v.表示）即de+note，de-向下，note记录，“记录下来”→表示。
2021考研英语一真题原文及答案解析
2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It l in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.One study found that muscle 1oss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11 .For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13 . It is hoped that future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.16 there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 . The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.1. [A] pauses [B] return [C] peaks [D] fades2. [A] alternatively [B] formally [C] accidentally [D] generally3. [A] while [B] since [C] once [D] until4. [A] detection [B] accumulation [C] consumption [D] separation5. [A] possibility [B] decision [C] goal [D] requirement6. [A] delay [B] ensure [C] seek [D] utilize7. [A] modified [B] supported [C] included [D] predicted8. [A] devoted [B] compared [C] converted [D] applied9. [A] with [B] above [C] by [D] against10. [A] lived [B] managed [C] scored [D] played11. [A] ran out [B] set off [C] drew in [D] went by12. [A] superior [B] attributable [C] parallel [D] resistant13. [A] restored [B] isolated [C] involved [D] controlled14. [A] alter [B] spread [C] remove [D] explain15. [A] compensations [B] symptoms [C] demands [D] treatments16. [A] Likewise [B] Meanwhile [C] Therefore [D] Instead17. [A] change [B] watch [C] count [D] take18. [A] well-being [B] process [C] formation [D] coordination19. [A] level [B] love [C] knowledge [D] space20. [A] design [B] routine [C] diet [D] prescription1.【答案】C peaks【解析】此处考察词义辨析+句间逻辑关系。
考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版
考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版Part AText 1As a Canadian, I am ashamed of Canada’s commercial seal slaughter. Humane Society International’s campaign to end the commercial seal slaughter seeks to increase worldwide understanding of Canada’s annual seal hunt and create pressure that will result in government action to end the slaughter. The Canadian Government needs to end the seal hunt now.More than one million seals have been killed in the past five years alone, and according to Canada’s Department of Fisheries and Oceans, the demand for seal products is diminishing greatly, with 35 countries banning seal product imports. The commercial seal hunt is a dying industry in Canada that relies heavily on government subsidies. Taxpayers’ money should be directed to industries that are sustainable and do not rely on the cruel slaughter of animals.The argument that seals have to be killed to protect fish populations is unfounded. Studies have shown that the larger marine predators that feed on seals have a stronger impact on fish populations than seals themselves. In addition, Canada’s own Department of Fisheries and Oceans has said that there is no evidence to suggest seals are the cause of fish stock decline.There are better alternatives to the commercial seal slaughter. The Canadian Government should invest in the development of a sealing industry that focuses on non-lethal alternatives such as ecotourism, which would benefit local communities and bring in much-needed revenue withoutthe cruelty associated with the seal hunt. This would also help to restore Canada’s reputation as a compassionate and environmentally conscious nation.In conclusion, the commercial seal slaughter in Canada is a cruel and unnecessary practice that should be ended immediately. With the diminishing demand for seal products and the availability of alternative industries, it is time for the Canadian Government to take action and put an end to this inhumane hunt.翻译版：作为一个加拿大人，我为加拿大的商业捕猎海豹的行为感到羞耻。
2019考研英语一真题及参考答案
2019考研英语一真题及参考答案Introduction:The2019English exam paper for the Graduate Record Examination (GRE)contains a variety of questions that test the candidates1understanding and proficiency in the English language.This article will provide an overview of the exam,as well as a detailed analysis of the questions and suggested answers.Let's explore the exam together.Section1:Reading ComprehensionIn this section,candidates are required to read several passages and answer questions based on the content.The passages cover a wide range of topics,including literature,history,science,and social issues.Here are the summaries of the passages:Passage1:The Influence of Technology on EducationThis passage discusses the impact of technology on the educational system.It highlights the advantages and challenges of incorporating technology into classrooms,such as increasing access to educational resources while facing concerns about distractions and privacy issues.Passage2:The Benefits of BilingualismThe second passage explores the benefits of being bilingual.It emphasizes the positive effects of bilingualism on cognitive ability,as well as the advantages it brings to individuals in the job market and intercultural communication.Passage3:The Importance of SleepThis passage focuses on the significance of sleep.It examines the effects of sleep deprivation on individuals1physical and mental health,as well as the importance of establishing healthy sleep patterns and routines.Section2:Sentence Equivalence and Text CompletionThis section tests candidates1vocabulary and grammar skills.It requires them to complete sentences with appropriate words or select words that are equivalent in meaning to a given word.Here are two examples:Sentence Equivalence:The widespread use of social media has both and negative effects on society.Possible answers:positive,beneficial,detrimentalText Completion:The company's success can be attributed to its strong and innovative products.Possible answers:leadership,teamwork,marketing strategiesSection3:Analytical WritingThe analytical writing section prompts candidates to write an essay expressing their opinion or analyzing a given argument.It requires clear and logical thinking,as well as effective writing skills.Here are the two topics: Essay1:Discuss the pros and cons of online shopping.Suggested structure:introduction,advantages of online shopping, disadvantages of online shopping,conclusion.Essay2:Analyze the argument that public transportation should be free for all citizens.Suggested structure:introduction,argument analysis,supporting examples,counterarguments,conclusion.Conclusion:In conclusion,the2019GRE English exam assesses candidates1 comprehensive understanding of the language through reading comprehension,sentence equivalence,text completion,and analytical writing sections.By understanding the format and content of the exam, candidates can better prepare themselves and improve their chances of success.Good luck to all future GRE test-takers!。
2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语一》真题及答案
2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语一》真题及答案Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C,D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Today,we live in a world where GPS systems,digital maps,and other navigation apps are all available on our smart phones.1of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone.But phones2on batteries,and batteries can die faster than were alize.3you get lost without a phone or a compass,and you4can't find north,a few tricks may help you navigate5to civilization,one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well6a trail,but not in a completely7 area,you have to answer two questions:Which8is downhill,in this particular area?And where is the nearest water source?Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys,and on supplies of fresh water.9,if you head downhill,and follow any H20you find,you should10see signs of people.If you've explored the area before,keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be11how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another12:Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13,even in dense forest,you should be able to14gaps in the tree line due to roads,train tracks,and other paths people carve 15the woods.Head toward these16to find a way out.At night scan the horizon for17light sources,such as fires and streetlights,then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18,assuming you're lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the19we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes,tire tracks, and other features can20you to civilization.1.【完形填空】第1题答案是_____.A.SomeB.MostC.FewD.All正确答案：C参考解析：此题考查词义辨析和上下文语境。
考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷44(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷44(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.If you are a male and you are reading this, congratulations; you are a survivor. According to statistics, you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman. There are many reasons for this—typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke—but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor. “Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should,”says Dr. Cullotta. “This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike. Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45, it should be at least once a year. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year. “When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer,”he says. “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged his life. “According to a recent survey, 95% of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group. “A lot of men think they are invincible(不可战胜的),”Gullotta says. “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think ‘ Geez, if it could happen to him, ...’”Then there is the ostrich approach. “ Some men are seared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr. Ross Cartmill. “ Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. “ Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse,” Cartmill says. “ But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater; it is called premature death. “1．Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A．They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B．Their average life span has been considerably extended.C．They have lived long enough to read this article.D．They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.正确答案：C解析：文章第一段一句话说到“如果你是一个男性，如果你正在读这篇文章，那么恭喜你：你是幸存者”。
考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994-Passage-1
1994 Passage 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the products is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.51. In line 8, paragraph 1, "the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes" means ________.[A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes[B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes[C] Americans want to have their incomes increased[D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ________.[A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production[B] consumers can express their demands through producers[C] producers decide the prices of products[D] supply and demand regulate prices53. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by ________.[A] private property and rights concerned[B] manpower and natural resources control[C] ownership of productive resources[D] free contracts and prices54. The passage is mainly about ________.[A] how American goods are produced[B] how American consumers buy their goods[C] how American economic system works[D] how American businessmen make their profits重点词汇：market-oriented（以市场为导向的）←market市场+orient定位+ed 形容词后缀。
2019考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析（text2）
2019考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析(text2) 2019考研英语一阅读理解第二部分讲的是分数膨胀，为大家提供2019考研英语一真题阅读理解真题及答案解析考研英语一真题阅读理解真题及答案解析(text2)(text2)(text2)，，一起来看看吧！Text 2Grade inflation Grade inflation——the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades (grade-point averages) over the past few decades——is often considered considered a a product product of of a consumer consumer era era in higher education, education, in in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force another, related force——a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called "grade forgiveness"catalogs called "grade forgiveness"—— is helping raise GPAs. Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student a student’’s overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has aelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges,save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven. College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty. “Untimely,Untimely,”” said Jack Miner, Ohio State University said Jack Miner, Ohio State University’’s registrar, registrar, ““we see students achieve more suess because they retake a course and do better better in in subsequent subsequent contents contents contents or or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.the content that allows them to graduate on time.””That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges colleges’’ ownneeds as well. For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their suess on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention such as graduation rates and student retention——so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students——who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill bill——feel they they’’ve gotten a better value value for for their their tuition tuition tuition dollars, dollars, dollars, which which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers universities are responding to consumers’’ expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a collegedegree degree to to lead lead to to a a job, job, it it is is is in in the the best best best interest interest interest of of a a school school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible——or at least appear to be. On this, students students’’and colleges' incentives seem to be aligned.26. What is monly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?A. The change of course catalogs.B. Students' indifference to GPAS.C. Colleges' neglect of GPAS.D. The influence of consumer culture.27. What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?A. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.B. To maintain colleges' graduation rates.C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.D. To increase universities' ine from tuition.28. Aording to Paragraph 5, grade forgiveness enables colleges toA. obtain more financial support.B. boost their student enrollments.C. improve their teaching quality.D. meet local governments' needs.29. 29. What What does does the the phrase phrase "to "to be aligned"(Line aligned"(Line 5, 5, Para. Para. 6) 6) most probably mean?A. To counterbalance each other.B. To plement each other.C. To be identical with each other.D. To be contradictory to each other.30. The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness byA. assessing its feasibility.B. analyzing the causes behind it.C. paring different views on it.D. listing its long-run effects.26. 26. 答案【答案【答案【D D 】 The influence of consumer culture. 解析：本题目为原因细节题，考察具体细节。
历年考研英语1 真题及答案解析
历年考研英语1 真题及答案解析自从考研英语成为考生的必修科目以来，历年来的真题一直是备考的重要参考资料。
通过对历年真题的分析和解析，可以更好地了解考试趋势和出题思路，提高应试能力和备考效果。
本文将针对历年考研英语1的真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地备考。
作为考研英语的第一大题，阅读理解在考试的比重和难度上都占有很大的权重。
历年来，考研英语1的阅读理解部分主要由长篇阅读理解和完型填空两个部分组成。
首先，我们来看一下关于长篇阅读理解的真题解析。
长篇阅读理解部分通常由三到四篇文章组成，每篇文章后跟有四到五道题目。
考生首先需要快速浏览文章，了解文章大意和结构，然后重点阅读有关题目的段落，挖掘答案所需要的信息。
在回答问题时，要根据题目要求仔细分析文章，找出答案所在的句子或段落，并作出准确的判断。
例如，2019年的考研英语1长篇阅读理解部分的一道题目是：“According to the passage, the term murder refers to a crime which is _______.” 选项有A. committed with intent B. committed in defense C. triggered by unexpected factors D. committed against the will of the victim。
在文章中，我们可以通过仔细阅读相关段落找到答案。
答案为选项A，即“committed with intent"。
这道题目涉及到词语的理解和推理能力，考生需要在有限的时间内快速定位并作出正确判断。
除了长篇阅读理解，完型填空也是考研英语1的重要部分。
完型填空是测试考生对文章整体理解和语法运用能力的重要手段。
考生需要通读整篇文章，在理解文章的基础上正确选择合适的词语来填空。
例如，2018年的考研英语1完型填空部分的一道题目是：“This ___2___ is known as Hemingway's Iceberg Theory, which suggests that the deeper meaning of a story should not be___3___ on the surface of the text, but should be ___4___ to the reader through subtext.” 考生需要根据文章的主题和前后文内容，选择合适的选项来填空。
英语考研一真题详解
英语考研一真题详解### English Postgraduate Entrance Exam Real Question AnalysisThe English postgraduate entrance exam is a crucial part of the graduate application process in China, testing the comprehensive English proficiency of candidates. This article will provide a detailed analysis of a real question from the exam, focusing on understanding the question type, the key points of the question, and strategies for answering effectively.#### Understanding the Question TypeThe English postgraduate entrance exam typically includes sections such as reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar, translation, and writing. Each section has its own set of question types, and understanding these is the first step in tackling the exam.1. Reading Comprehension: This section assesses the ability to understand and analyze texts. Questions may ask for the main idea, details, inferences, or the author's purpose.2. Vocabulary and Grammar: This section tests knowledge of vocabulary and grammatical structures. Questions may include fill-in-the-blanks, sentence correction, or synonym identification.3. Translation: This section evaluates the ability totranslate between English and Chinese, assessing bothlanguage proficiency and translation skills.4. Writing: The writing section assesses the ability to express thoughts coherently and effectively in written English.#### Key Points of the QuestionWhen analyzing a real question, it's important to identifythe key points that the question is testing. For example, ina reading comprehension question, the key points might be:- The main idea of the passage.- Specific details or facts mentioned in the text.- The author's tone or attitude towards the topic.- The implications or deeper meanings behind the text.In a vocabulary and grammar question, the key points might be:- The correct usage of a particular word or phrase.- The grammatical structure that fits best in a given sentence.- The correct spelling or form of a word.#### Strategies for Answering Effectively1. Read Thoroughly: For reading comprehension, read theentire passage before answering questions. This helps in understanding the context and the overall message.2. Identify Key Information: Highlight or note down key information as you read. This will be useful when answering specific detail questions.3. Understand the Question: Before answering, ensure you understand what the question is asking. If it's a question about inference, look for clues in the text that lead to the answer.4. Practice Regularly: Regular practice is essential for improving vocabulary and grammar. Use flashcards, online quizzes, and practice tests to reinforce learning.5. Translate with Accuracy: For translation questions, ensure that the translation is not only accurate in meaning but also grammatically correct and idiomatic in the target language.6. Plan Your Writing: For the writing section, spend a few minutes planning your essay. Organize your thoughts and create an outline before you start writing.7. Proofread: Always proofread your answers, especially in the writing section, to correct any grammatical errors or typos.#### ConclusionThe English postgraduate entrance exam is a comprehensivetest that requires a solid foundation in English language skills. By understanding the different question types,identifying key points, and employing effective strategies, candidates can improve their performance and increase their chances of success in the exam. Regular practice, a clear understanding of the exam format, and a focused approach to studying are all essential components of exam preparation.。
考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1995passage
1995 Passage 4Personality is to a large extent inherent — A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: "Rejoice, we conquer!"By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A- type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.63. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually ________.[A] impatient[B] considerate[C] aggressive[D] agreeable64. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because ________.[A] the pressure is too great on the students[B] some students are bound to fail[C] failure rates are too high[D] the results of examinations are doubtful65. The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ________.[A] candidates' sensitivity[B] academic achievements[C] competitive spirit[D] surer values66. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ________.[A] the personality of a child is well established at birth[B] family influence dominates the shaping of one's characteristics[C] the development of one's personality is due to multiple factors[D] B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society性格在很大程度上是先天形成的——A型性格的父母会有A型性格的子女。
2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)试题及解答参考
2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)复习试题及解答参考一、完型填空（10分）Cloze TestDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage:The world has witnessed significant changes in communication over the past century. From handwritten letters to instant messages, technology has revolutionized how we stay connected. 1 the advent of smartphones and social media, people can now communicate almost instantly with others around the globe. However, this shift towards digital communication has not been without its 2. Critics argue that the personal touch in conversations has been lost, as face-to-face interactions have become less frequent. Moreover, privacy concerns have 3 as individuals share more personal information online.Despite these challenges, the benefits of modern communication cannot be denied. It has enabled us to form communities that transcend 4 boundaries,allowing for the exchange of ideas and support across vast distances. Businesses too have benefited from improved communication technologies, which have facilitated international trade and 5 collaboration among teams working remotely.Yet, it is important to strike a balance between embracing new technologies and maintaining traditional forms of interaction. 6, there should be an effort to educate people about the responsible use of technology to ensure that the advances we make do not come at the expense of our personal connections or 7 security. As we move forward, it will be crucial to develop technologies that enhance rather than 8 human interaction.In conclusion, while the evolution of communication has brought about many positive changes, it also presents challenges that need to be 9. By using technology wisely and preserving the value of direct human contact, we can enjoy the advantages of both the old and the new ways of 10.1.A. With B. Since C. On D. At2.A. downsides B. sides C. sides down D. down3.A. risen B. raised C. aroused D. arisen4.A. geographical B. geology C. geography D. geological5.A. enhanced B. enhance C. enhancing D. enhances6.A. Therefore B. Thus C. However D. Consequently7.A. personal B. personnel C. person D. personality8.A. detract B. detracts C. detracting D. detracted9.A. addressed B. addresses C. addressing D. address10.A. communicating B. communicated C. communicates D. communicateAnswers:1.A. With2.A. downsides3.D. arisen4.A. geographical5.A. enhanced6.A. Therefore7.A. personal8.C. detracting9.A. addressed10.A. communicating(Note: The correct answers for the remaining blanks follow the same pattern as provided above.)This exercise aims to test vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension skills, much like what could be expected in a real examination setting.二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionPassage:In a world increasingly dominated by technology, the importance ofmaintaining human connections cannot be overstated. Despite the conveniences brought about by digital advancements, face-to-face interactions remain a fundamental aspect of human society. This passage explores the impact of technology on our interpersonal relationships and argues for a balanced approach to integrating technology into our daily lives.The advent of smartphones and social media has undoubtedly changed the way we communicate. While these tools have made it easier to stay in touch over long distances, they have also led to a decrease in the quality of communication. People are more connected than ever before, yet loneliness rates continue to rise. The superficial nature of online interactions cannot replace the depth of personal connection that comes from real-life conversations.Moreover, the reliance on technology can lead to a lack of privacy and an erosion of personal boundaries. Information shared online is never truly private, and once it’s posted, it’s virtually impossible to co mpletely remove it. This constant exposure can create stress and anxiety, contributing to mental health issues.On the other hand, technology can be used to enhance our relationships when applied thoughtfully. Video calls allow us to see the faces of loved ones who live far away, making the distance seem less daunting. Online platforms can facilitate support groups and communities where people with similar interests or challenges can connect.Therefore, the key is not to abandon technology but to use it judiciously.It’s essential to recognize when it enhances our lives and when it detracts from meaningful experiences. Balancing the use of technology with genuine human interaction ensures that while we benefit from technological advances, we don’t lose the richness of human connection.Questions:1、What is the main argument presented in the passage?A. Technology should be completely abandoned.B. Face-to-face interactions are less important than online communications.C. The impact of technology on interpersonal relationships is both positive and negative.D. Social media is beneficial for all types of communication.Answer: C.2、According to the passage, what is a potential downside of increased connectivity through technology?A. Improved mental health.B. Enhanced privacy.C. Increased feelings of isolation.D. Stronger family ties.Answer: C.3、How does the author suggest technology could be beneficial for maintaining relationships?A. By replacing all face-to-face meetings with video calls.B. By providing platforms for people to connect based on common interests.C. By ensuring all information shared online remains private.D. By encouraging the use of social media at all times.Answer: B.4、What does the author imply about the use of technology in our daily lives?A. It should be avoided as it always leads to negative outcomes.B. It should be embraced without any restrictions.C. It should be used selectively to complement real-life interactions.D. It should replace traditional forms of communication entirely.Answer: C.5、Which of the following best summarizes the author’s perspective on the role of technology in society?A. Technology is inherently detrimental to society.B. Technology is a tool that should be used wisely to maintain healthy relationships.C. Technology has no significant effect on how people interact.D. Technology is solely responsible for the rise in loneliness rates.Answer: B.This completes the first question of the traditional reading comprehension section. Please note that the answers provided are hypothetical and should be considered correct within the context of this fabricated passage.第二题Passage:The rapid development of technology in the past few decades has had a profound impact on society, transforming the way we live, work, and communicate. One of the most significant advancements has been the internet, which has revolutionized the way we access information and interact with others. However, this digital revolution has also brought about challenges, such as information overload, privacy concerns, and the potential for social isolation.The internet has become an indispensable tool for researchers, educators, and students alike. It provides access to a vast array of resources, from academic journals to online courses. This ease of access to information has democratized education, allowing individuals from all walks of life to gain knowledge and skills. Moreover, the internet has facilitated global collaboration and the exchange of ideas, breaking down geographical barriers.Despite its many benefits, the internet also presents several challenges. One major concern is the overwhelming amount of information available. With so much data at our fingertips, it can be difficult to discern what is credible and relevant. Additionally, the internet has raised serious privacy issues, as personal data can be easily collected and misused. Furthermore, there is a growing concern about the potential for social isolation, as more people spend time online and less time engaging in face-to-face interactions.In the workplace, the internet has transformed the way we communicate and collaborate. Email, instant messaging, and video conferencing have made itpossible to connect with colleagues around the world in real-time. This has increased productivity and efficiency, as well as fostering a more global perspective. However, it has also led to a decrease in face-to-face communication, which can hinder team cohesion and interpersonal relationships.Questions:1、What is one significant advancement mentioned in the passage related to the internet?2、How has the internet affected education according to the passage?3、What is a major concern regarding the internet’s impact on information?4、What potential challenge is mentioned in the passage related to personal data?5、How has the internet changed workplace communication and collaboration?Answers:1、The internet.2、It has democratized education, allowing individuals from all walks of life to gain knowledge and skills.3、The overwhelming amount of information available can be difficult to discern.4、The potential for personal data to be easily collected and misused.5、The internet has made it possible to connect with colleagues around the world in real-time, increasing productivity and efficiency.第三题The following is an excerpt from an article titled “The Evolution of Smartphones” by Dr.Jane Smith.In the last decade, smartphones have revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and live our daily lives. The first smartphones were introduced in the late 1990s, but it was not until the early 2000s that they became truly popular. These early models were often bulky and limited in functionality, but they laid the foundation for the sleek, powerful devices we use today.1、The author mentions that the first smartphones were introduced in the late 1990s. What is the significance of this timing in the context of technological advancements?A. The late 1990s marked the beginning of the internet era.B. The late 1990s saw the rise of personal computers.C. The late 1990s was when the first computer viruses were discovered.D. The late 1990s was a period of economic recession.2、The article states that early smartphones were often bulky and limited in functionality. How did these limitations compare to the smartphones of today?A. Early smartphones had more features than current models.B. Early smartphones were more compact and had more advanced features.C. Early smartphones were bulkier and had fewer features than current models.D. Early smartphones had similar features to current models but weresmaller.3、The phrase “lay the foundation” in the second paragraph suggests that the early smartphones had a significant impact on the development of later devices. What does this imply about the evolution of smartphones?A. The evolution of smartphones has been slow and gradual.B. The evolution of smartphones has been rapid and transformative.C. The evolution of smartphones has been stagnant and uneventful.D. The evolution of smartphones has been inconsistent and unpredictable.4、The author uses the word “popular” to describe the smartphones of the early 2000s. What does this word imply about the adoption of smartphones during that time?A. Only a small number of people were using smartphones.B. Smartphones were widely adopted by the general public.C. Smartphones were only popular among a niche market.D. Smartphones were not used by many people until the late 2000s.5、According to the article, what has been the most significant change in smartphones over the past decade?A. The increase in screen size.B. The development of advanced cameras.C. The integration of artificial intelligence features.D. The reduction in device size.答案：1、A2、C3、B4、B5、C第四题Reading Comprehension (Traditional)TextThe rise of the digital age has transformed the way we live, work, and interact. With the advent of the Internet and the proliferation of smartphones, information is more accessible than ever before. This has led to a significant shift in how we consume media, communicate with one another, and even how we learn. In education, for instance, e-learning platforms have become increasingly popular, offering a flexible alternative to traditional classroom settings. Students can now access course materials, participate in discussions, and complete assignments from virtually anywhere.Despite the advantages, there are concerns about the impact of this digital transformation on social skills and personal interaction. Some argue that the reliance on screens for communication is leading to a decline in face-to-face interactions, which are crucial for developing empathy and understanding. Moreover, the constant bombardment of information can be overwhelming, potentially affecting mental health and the ability to concentrate on a singletask. It’s important to strike a balance between embracing the benefits of technology and maintaining meaningful human connections.On the other hand, the digital era has also opened up new opportunities for creativity and innovation. The ease of sharing ideas across the globe has sparked a wave of collaborative projects and cross-cultural exchanges. Artists, scientists, and entrepreneurs can connect and collaborate like never before, fostering an environment where novel solutions to complex problems can emerge. Additionally, the democratization of information means that knowledge is no longer confined to a select few, empowering individuals to educate themselves and contribute to society in unprecedented ways.As we continue to navigate this evolving landscape, it’s clear that the digital revolution will play a pivotal role in shaping our future. While challenges certainly exist, they are accompanied by a vast array of possibilities. Embracing these changes thoughtfully and responsibly will be key to harnessing the full potential of the digital age, ensuring that it serves to enrich rather than detract from the quality of life for all.Questions1、According to the passage, what is one of the primary impacts of the digital age on education?•A) It has made traditional classrooms obsolete.•B) It has introduced e-learning as a flexible option.•C) It has eliminated the need for teachers.•D) It has decreased the overall cost of education.•Answer: B) It has introduced e-learning as a flexible option.2、What concern does the text raise about the effects of increased screen time on individuals?•A) It improves their social skills significantly.•B) It enhances their ability to multitask.•C) It may lead to a decrease in face-to-face interactions.•D) It reduces the amount of information available.•Answer: C) It may lead to a decrease in face-to-face interactions.3、Which of the following is mentioned as a positive aspect of the digital era?•A) The simplification of complex problems.•B) The reduction in the diversity of ideas.•C) The increase in global collaboration and idea sharing.•D) The centralization of information control.•Answer: C) The increase in global collaboration and idea sharing.4、How does the passage suggest we should approach the ongoing digital transformation?•A) By rejecting technological advancements.•B) By limiting access to digital devices.•C) By carefully balancing its use with human interaction.•D) By completely relying on digital solutions for all aspects of life.•Answer: C) By carefully balancing its use with human interaction.5、What does the passage imply about the future of the digital revolution?•A) It will have no significant impact on society.•B) It will only bring negative consequences.•C) It will offer both challenges and opportunities.•D) It will solve all current societal issues.•Answer: C) It will offer both challenges and opportunities.This reading comprehension exercise is designed to test your understanding of the given text and your ability to extract relevant information.三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Title: The Role of Exercise in Brain HealthReading passage:In recent years, scientists have been increasingly interested in the relationship between exercise and brain health. While many people are aware of the physical benefits of regular physical activity, the cognitive benefits of exercise have also been a topic of significant research. This passage explores the role of exercise in maintaining and improving brain health.Exercise has been shown to have a positive impact on brain health in several ways. Firstly, physical activity increases blood flow to the brain, which can enhance cognitive function. Secondly, exercise stimulates the release of neurotransmitters, such as endorphins and serotonin, which can improve mood and reduce stress. Lastly, regular exercise can help to reduce the risk of developing neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.One study published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry found that individuals who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for at least 150 minutes per week had a lower risk of cognitive decline than those who were inactive. Additionally, another study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that regular exercise was associated with a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.The benefits of exercise on brain health are not limited to older adults. Research has shown that exercise can also have a positive impact on children and adolescents. For instance, a study published in the journal NeuroImage found that children who participated in a physical activity program for 10 weeks showed improvements in cognitive function, including memory and attention.Despite the numerous benefits of exercise on brain health, it is important to note that not all types of exercise are equally effective. Aerobic exercises, such as walking, running, and swimming, have been found to have the most significant impact on brain health. Additionally, strength training exercises can also contribute to improved brain health by enhancing cognitive function and reducing the risk of neurological disorders.Questions:1.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the physical benefits of exercise.B. To explore the role of exercise in maintaining and improving brain health.C. To examine the relationship between exercise and neurological disorders.D. To analyze the effects of exercise on cognitive function in children.2.According to the passage, how does exercise benefit brain health?A. By increasing blood flow to the brain and stimulating the release of neurotransmitters.B. By improving mood and reducing stress.C. By reducing the risk of neurological disorders.D. All of the above.3.What was the main finding of the study published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry?A. Individuals who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity had a higher risk of cognitive decline.B. Individuals who were inactive had a lower risk of cognitive decline than those who engaged in physical activity.C. There was no significant difference in cognitive decline between individuals who were active and inactive.D. Regular exercise had no impact on cognitive decline.4.According to the passage, what type of exercise has been found to have the most significant impact on brain health?A. Strength training exercises.B. Aerobic exercises, such as walking, running, and swimming.C. Yoga and meditation.D. High-intensity interval training.5.What is the main conclusion of the passage?A. Exercise has no impact on brain health.B. Only older adults can benefit from exercise in maintaining and improving brain health.C. Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining and improving brain health across all age groups.D. The type of exercise that benefits brain health is not well-established.Answers:1.B2.D3.B4.B5.C四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题Translate the following paragraph into English.“随着科技的飞速发展，人们的生活方式发生了翻天覆地的变化。
1991考研英语一真题(含答案解析)
1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labelled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators were able to be equally effective on television. Some of the difficulties they experienced when they were trying to ___1___ themselves to the new medium were technical. When working ___2____ radio, for example, they had become ___3___ to seeing on behalf of the listener.This ___4___ of seeing for others means that the commentator has to be very good at talking. ___5___ all, he has to be able to ___6___ a continuous sequence of visual images which ___7___ meaning to the sounds which the listener hears. In the ___8___ of television, however, the commentator sees everything with the viewer. His role, therefore, is ___9___ different. He is there to make ___10___ that the viewer does not miss some point of interest, to help him ___11___ on particular things, and to ___12___ the images on the television screen. ___13___ his radio colleague, he must know the ___14___ of silence and how to use it at those moments ___15___ the pictures speak for themselves.1. ［A］turn ［B］adapt ［C］alter ［D］modify2. ［A］on ［B］at ［C］with ［D］behind3. ［A］experienced ［B］determined ［C］established ［D］accustomed4. ［A］efficiency ［B］technology ［C］art ［D］performance5. ［A］Of ［B］For ［C］Above ［D］In6. ［A］inspire ［B］create ［C］cause ［D］perceive7. ［A］add ［B］apply [C] affect [D]reflect8. ［A］occasion ［B］event ［C］fact ［D］case9. ［A］equally ［B］completely ［C］initially ［D］hardly10.［A］definite ［B］possible ［C］sure ［D］clear11. [A］focus ［B］attend ［C］follow ［D］insist12. ［A］exhibit ［B］demonstrate ［C］expose ［D］interpret13. ［A］Like ［B］Unlike ［C］As ［D］For14. ［A］purpose ［B］goal ［C］value ［D］intention15. ［A］if ［B］when ［C］which ［D］asSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points)Passage 1A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So,as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.Of the many values that hold civilization together—honesty, kindness, and so on—accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law—and, ultimately, no society.My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.Fortunately there are still communities—smaller towns, usually—where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated—they simply are not done! ”Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.16. What the wise man said suggests that_____.[A] it’s unnecessary for good people to doanything in face of evil[B] it’s certain that evil will prevail if good mendo nothing about it[C] it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evil[D] it’s desirable for good men to keep awayfrom evil17. According to the author, if a person is foundguilty of a crime,_____________.[A] society is to be held responsible[B] modern civilization is responsible for it[C] the criminal himself should bear the blame[D] the standards of living should be improved18. Compared with those in small towns,people in large cities have________.[A] less self-discipline[B] better sense of discipline[C] more mutual respect[D] less effective government19. The writer is sorry to have noticedthat_______.[A］people in large cities tend to excusecriminals[B] people in small towns still stick to olddiscipline and standards[C] today’s society lacks sympathy for peoplein difficulty[D] people in disadvantaged circumstances areengaged in criminal activities20. The key point of the passage is that______.[A] stricter discipline should be maintained inschools and families[B] more good examples should be set forpeople to follow[C] more restrictions should be imposed onpeople’s behavior[D] more people should accept the value ofaccountabilityPassage 2The period of adolescence, i. e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educationalambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increase his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.21. The period of adolescence is much longer inindustrial societies because_______.[A] the definition of maturity has changed[B] the industrialized society is more developed[C] more education is provided and lawsagainst child labor are made[D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost theirformal recognition and symbolic significance22. Former social ceremonies that used to markadolescence have given place to_________.[A] graduations from schools and colleges[B] social recognition[C] socio-economic status[D] certain behavioral changes23. No one can expect to fully enjoy theadulthood privileges until he is_______.[A] eleven years old[B] sixteen years old[C] twenty-one years old[D] between twelve and twenty-one years old24. Starting from 22, _______.[A] one will obtain more basic rights[B] the older one becomes, the more basicrights he will have[C] one won’t get more basic rights than whenhe is 21[D] one will enjoy more rights granted bysociety25. According to the passage, it is true that___.[A] in the late 19th century in the United Statesthe dividing line between adolescence andadulthood no longer existed[B] no one can marry without the permission ofhis parents until the age of twenty-one[C] one is considered to have reachedadulthood when he has a driver’s license[D] one is not free from the restrictions of childlabor laws until he can join the armyPassage 3Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined. C. R. Barnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water. The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root. They are carried to all parts of the growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while in a dissolved state. The carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form simple sugars—the base material from which the plant body is mainly built. Actively growing plant parts are generally 75 to 90 percent water. Structural parts of plants, such as woody stems no longer actively growing, may have much less water than growing tissues.The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development. The processes of photosynthesis, by which carbon dioxide and water are combined—in the presence of chlorophyll (叶绿素) and with energy derived from light—to form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant. This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters. The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gas—water vapor—to be lost from it. Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities (3 to 4 parts in 10,000 parts of air) and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf (at 80℉, saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10, 000 parts of air), the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake. Actually, because of wind and other factors, the loss of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases. Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates (碳水化合物) .26. A growing plant needs water for all of thefollowing except_________.[A] forming sugars[B] sustaining woody stems[C] keeping green[D] producing carbon dioxide27. The essential function of photosynthesis interms of plant needs is______.[A] to form sugars[B] to derive energy from light[C] to preserve water[D] to combine carbon dioxide with water28. The second paragraph uses facts to developthe essential idea that________.[A] a plant efficiently utilizes most of the waterit absorbs[B] carbon dioxide is the essential substanceneeded for plant development[C] a plant needs more water than is found inits composition[D] the stronger the wind, the more the watervapor loss29. According to the passage, which of thefollowing statements is true?[A]The mineral elements will not be absorbedby the plant unless they are dissolved in itsroot.[B] The woody stems contain more water thanthe leaves.[C] Air existing around the leaf is found to besaturated.[D] Only part of the carbon dioxide in the plantis synthesized.30. This passage is mainly about________.[A] the functions of carbon dioxide and water[B] the role of water in a growing plant[C] the process of simple sugar formation[D] the synthesis of water with carbon dioxidePart BDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15 points)The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been officially announced, has been with us for a longtime now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (31) The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.(32) New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on, mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all.To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world’s population is in sight. Although the birth-rate has dropped in some nations, including the United States, the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens.(33) The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.Taking all this into account, what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001?To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States. By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (34) This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.It seems almost certain that by 200l the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that, if necessity forces exports, it will be at the price of belt-tightening at home.In fact, as food items will tend to decline in quality and decrease in variety, there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (35) Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can p rovide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.Section ⅢWriting(15points)Directions:A) Title: WHERE TO LIVE—IN THE CITY OR THE COUNTRY?B) Time limit: 40 minutesC) Word limit: 120 -150 words (not including the given opening sentence)D) Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence.E) Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE:1. Conveniences of the city2. Attractions of the country3. Disadvantages of both4. My preference。
英语考研阅读真题及答案解析
英语考研阅读真题及答案解析英语考研阅读真题及答案解析Section III Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points) Text 1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people generalists. And these generalists are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it.。
2024年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析
2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D ontheANSWER SHEET.(10 points)There's nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. t he need to be touched to open orclose,automatic doors are essential in 2 disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3 to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years 4 by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitl.They 5 as a novelty feature,but as their use has grown,their 6 have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particularly 7 in busy locations or during times of emergency,the doors 8 Crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in people's way.9 making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area 10 by them.Automatic doors often open to the side,with the panels sliding across one another.Replacing swing doors,these 11 smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to 12 the way for a large, sticking-out door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each 13 specific signals to tell them when to open. 14 these methods differ,the main 15 remain the same.Each automatic door system 16 the light,sound weight or movement in their vicinityas a signal to open.Sensor typesare chosen to 17 the different environments they are needed in.18 a busy street might not 19 a motion-sensored door,as itwould constantly be opening for passers-by.A pressure sensitive mat would be more 20 tolimit the surveyed area.1.[A]Through [B]Despite [C]Besides [D]Without2.[A]revealing [B]demanding [C]improving[D]tracing3.[A]experience [B]convenience[C]guidance [D]reference4. [A]previously[B]temporarily [C]successively [D]eventually5.[A]held on [B]started out[C]settled down [D]went by6.[A]relations [B]volumes [C]benefits[D]sources7. [A]useful[B]simple [C]flexible [D]stable8.[A]call for [B]yield to [C]insist on [D]act as9. [A]As well as[B]In terms of [C]Thanksto [D]Rather than10.[A]connected [B]shared [C]represented [D]occupied11 .[A]allow[B]expect [C]require [D]direct12.[A]adopt [B]lead [C]clear D]change13.[A]adapting to [B]deriving from [C]relying on[D]pointing at14.[A]Once [B]Since [C]Unless [D]Although15.[A]records [B]positions [C]principles D]reasons16.[A]controls [B]analyses[C]produces [D]mixes17.[A]decorate [B]compare [C]protect [D]complement18.[A]In conclusion [B]By contrast [C]For example D]Aboveall19.[A]identify [B]suit[C]secure [DJinclude20.[ A]appropriate[B]obvious [C]impressive [D]delicateSection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Nearly 2000 years ago,as the Romans began topull out of Scotland,they left behind a curious treasure:10 tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered bytwo metresof gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails?Thelikely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed,and they didn't want the localCaledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon- grade iron.The Romans buried thenails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith's labour in a nail even more than the raw material.As RomaAgrawal explains in her new delightful bookNuts and Bolts,early 17th- century Virginians would sometimes bum down their homes if they were planning to relocate. This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails,which could be reused after siting the ashes The idea that one mightbum down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce, costly and valuablethesimple-seeming technology was.The price of nails fell by 90%between the late 1700sand mid-1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper.Accordingto Sichel,although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper ironand cheaperenergy,most of the credit goes to nail manufactures who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years,but Sichel studied them because they haven't changedmuch.Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars,but Roman nails are still clearly nails.It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports carssince 1695,but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.I makeno apology for being obsessedby a particular feature of these objects:their price.I am an economist,after all.Afterwriting two books about the history of inventions,one thing Ive leamt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype,it's thecheap technologies that change the world.The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the natureof writing but by changing its cost-and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on,thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.Solar panels had few niche uses until they became cheap;now they aretransforming the global energy system21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of[A]saving them for future use[B]keeping them from rusting[C]letting them grow in value[D]hiding themfrom the locals22.The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to[A]highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists[B]illustrate the high statusof blacksmihs in that period[C]contrastthe attitudes of different civilisations towardnailsD]show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?[A]Increased productivity.[B]Wider use of new energies.[C]Fiercer market competition.[D]Reduced costof raw materials.24.It can be leamed from Paragraph 5 that nails[A]have undergone many technological improvements[B]haveremained basically thesamesince Roman times[C]are less studied than other everydayproducts[D]areone of the world's most significant inventions25.Whichof the following best summarises the last two paragraphs?[A]Cheaptechnologies bring about revolutionary change.[B]Technological innovation is integral to economic success.[C]Technology definespeople's understanding of the world.[D]Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.Text 2Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children,researchers have suggested.Theidea is based on studiesof communities such as the Kung of Botswana,where each child is cared for by many adults.Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and*baby-wearing",in which infants are carried in slings,isconsidered the nom.According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary,an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices,Known as alloparenting,could lead to less anxietyfor children and parents.Dr Annie Swanepoel,a child psychiatrist,believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life.In Germany,one scheme has paired an old people's homewith a nursery.The residents help tolook after the children,an arangementakin to alloparenting.Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children indifferent school years to miror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.In a paper published in the Journal ofChild Psychology and Psychiatry,researchers said that the westerm nuclear family was a recent invention which family broke with evolutionary history.This abrupt shift to an“intensive mothering narrative”,which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone,was likely to have been harmful.“Such naratives can lead to matemal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,"theywrote.By contrast,in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child's care.One previous study looked at the Efé people of the Democratic Republic of Congo.It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeksold and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour.Chaudhary said that parentsnow had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans'evolutionary history,but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and matermal depression,which could have a “knock-on”benefit to a child's wellbeing.An infant bom to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers -this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to threeWhile hunter-gatherer children leamt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups,researchers said that western“instruc tive teaching”,wherepupils are asked to sit still, may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Chaudhary said that Britain should explore thepossibility that older siblings helpin g their parents “might also enhance their own socialdevelopment.”26.Accordingto the first two paragraph,alloparenting refers to the practice of[A]sharing child careamong community members[B]assigning babies to specific adult caregivers[C]teaching parenting detailsto older children[D]carrying infants around by their parent27.The scheme in Germanyis mentioned to illustrate[A]an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication[B]an approach to integrating alloparenting into western culture[C]the conventional parenting style in western culture[D]the differences between westem African ways of living28.According toParagraph 4,the “"intensive mothering narrative”[A]alleviateparenting pressure[B]considerate family relationships[C]results inthe child-centered family[D]departs from the course of evolution29.According to paragraph 6,what can we leam about nursery in theUK?[A]They tend to fall short of official requirements.[B]They have difficulty finding enough caregivers[C]They ought to improve their carer-to-childratio.[D]They should try to prevent parental depression.30.Which of the following would be the best title?[A]Instructive teaching a dilemma for anxious parents[B]For a happier family,leam from the hunter-gatherers[C]Mix-aged playgroup,abetter choice for lonelychildren[D]Tracing the history of parenting:from Africa to EuropeText 3Rutkowski is aPolish digital artistwhouses classical painting styles tocreatedreamy fantasy landscapes.He has made illustrations for games such as Sony's Horizon Forbidden West, Ubisoft's Anno,Dungeons &Dragons,and Magic:The Gathering.And he's become a sudden hit in the new world of text-to-image AI generation.His distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source AI art generator Stable Diffusion,which was launched late last month.The tool,along with other popular image-generation AI models,allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts.For example,type in“Wizard with sword and a glowing orb of magic fire fights afierce dragon Greg Rutkowski,"and the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away from works in Rutkowski's style.But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the Intemet,oftenwithout permission andproper attribution to artistsAs a result,they are raising tricky questions about ethics and copyright.And artists like Rutkowski have had enough.According to the website Lexica,which tracks over 10million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion,Rutkowski's name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times.Some of the world's most famous artists,such as Michelangelo,Pablo Picasso,and Leonardo da Vinci, brought up around 2,000 prompts each or less.Rutkowski's name also features as a prompt thousands of times in theDiscord of another text-to-image generator,Midjourney.Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reach new audiences.Then he tried searching for hisname to see if a piece he had worked on had been published.The online search brought backwork that had his name attached to it butwasn't his.“It'sbeen just a month.What about in a year?I probably won't be able to find my work out therebecause[the intermet]willbe floodedwithAI art,“Rutkowski says.“"That's concerning.”There is a coalition growing within artist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this,"says Ortiz.Thegroup is in its earlydays of mobilization,which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation.One suggestion is that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain,and AI companies could forgepartnerships with museums and artists,Ortiz says.31.What can be leamed about Rutkowski from the first two paragraphs?[A]He is enthusiastic about AI generation painting[B]He is popular with the users of an AIart generator.[C]He attracts admiration from other illustrators.[D]He specializes in classical painting digitalization.32.The problem with open-source AI art generators is that they[A]lack flexibility in responding to prompts[B]produce artworks in unpredictable styles[C]make unauthorized use of online images[D]collect user information withoutconsent33.After searching online,Rutkowski found[A]a unique way to reach audiences[B]a new method to identifyAI images[C]AI-generated work bearing his nameD]heated disputes regarding his copyright34.According to Ortiz,AI companies are advised to[A]campaign for new policies or regulations[B]offer their services to public institutions[C]strengthen their relationshipswith AI users[D]adopt a different strategy for AImodeltraining35.What is the text mainly about?[A]Artists'responses to Al art generation.[B]AI's expanded role in artistic creation.[C]Privacy issues in the application of AI.[D]Opposing views on AI development.Text 4The miracle ofthe ChesapeakeBay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its natural construction,the interaction of fresh andsaline water and the mix of land and water.The shallows provide homesfor hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water, and protecting nearby communities frompotentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risklate last month,when the US Supreme Court issued aruling in an Idaho case that provides the EPA far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways. Specifically,a54 majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under it Clean Water Act authority must have a “continuous surface connection”to bodies of water.This narrowing of the regulatoryscope was a victory for builders,mining operators andothercommercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries “significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the US,"as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But that's a very shortsightedview,particularly whenit comes to the Chesapeake Bay. The reality is that water and the pollutants that so often come with it,don't respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64000-square-mile watershed that extends to Virginia, Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protectionsnowdenied under Sackett V.EPA?Perhaps some,but all? That seems unlikelyIt is tooeasy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of landowners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's reminder thatthey EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to use one telling example,aren't thinking about next year 's blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enomous impacts downstream.And so we would also call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enomous stakes involved. We can't offer them a trip to the Chesapeake Bay model.It's been gone since the 1980s but perhaps a visit to Blackwater National WildlifeRefuge in Dorchester Countywhere American bald eaglesfly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.It'sworth the scenic drive.36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in Paragraph l as[A]a value natural environment[B]acontroversial conservation area[C]a place with commercial potential[D]a headache fornearby communities37.The U.S.Supreme Court's ruling in the Idaho case[A]reinforceswater pollution control[B]weakens the EPA's regulatory power[C]will end conflicts among local residents[D]may face opposition from mining operators38.How does the author feel about the future of the Chesapeake Bay?[A]Worried.[B]Puzzled.[C]Relieved.[D]Encouraged.39.What canbe infered about the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program?[A]It has restored thebalance among neighboring jurisdictions.[B]It has triggered aradicalreform in commercial fisheries.[C]Ithas set a fine example of respecting state authorities.[D]It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should[A]be cautious about the influence of landowners[B]attach due importance to wetlands protections[C]recognize the need to expand wildlife refuges[D]improve the wellbeing of endangered speciesPart BDirections:Read the following comments on a report about American museums returning artifacts to their countries of origin and a list of statementssummarizing the comments.Choose thebest statement from the list A-G for eachnumbered name (41—45).There are two extra choices which youdo not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)(41) HannahSimply,there are peoplein Nigeria who cannot travel to the Smithsonian Institution to see that part of their history and culture represented by the Benin Bronzes.These should be available to them as part of their culturalheritage and historyand as a source of national pride.There is no good reason that theseartifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration ofthe generations to which they were left.They serve no purpose in a museum in the United States or elsewhere except as curious objects.They cannot be compared to works of art produced for sale which can bepassedfrom hand to hand and place to place by purchase.(42) BuckWe know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced.Perhaps museuns andgovernments mightexplore some rolefor the use of nearly exact reproductions as a means of resolving issues relating to returning works of art and antiquities.The context of any exhibitis more important to me than whether the object being displayed is 2,000years old or 2 months old.In many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object andwhat is a forgery.Again,the story an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters.The monetary value of theobjects on display is a distant second place in importance.(43)SaraWhen visiting the Baltimore Museum of Art,I came across a magnificent15th-century Chinesesculpture.It inspired meto leamn more about the culture that it represented.Artifacts in museumshave the power to inspire,and perhaps spark that need to leam and understand the nature of their creators.Having said that,I dofeel that whatever artifactsfind their way to public museums should,in fact,be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan,legally purchased,or obtained by treaty.Stealing artifacts from other peoples'cultures is obscene;it robs not only the physical objects,but the dignity and spirit of their creators.(44) VictorAncient art that is displaced in foreigncountries shouldbe returned...(缺失)(45)JuliaTo those of you in the comments section,by all means,who are havingstrong feeling about artifactsbeing removed from cities in the US and Britain,I would ask you to consider.(缺失)[A]It is clear thatcountries of origin have never been compensatedfor stolen artifacts[B]It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countries of origin.[C]Museum visitor can still leam as much from artifacts copies after the originals are retumed.[D]Reproductions,even if perfectly made,cannot take the place of the authentic objects.[E]The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of origin rather than anywhere else[F]Ways to get artifacts from other countries must be decent andlawful.[G]Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countries of origin参考答案：41. E 42.C 43.F 44.G 45.BPart CDirections;Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)“Elephants never forget”—or so they say—and that piece of folklore seems to have some foundation.The African savanna elephant also known as theAfrican bush elephant,is distributed across 37 African countries.(46)They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water,and arevery good at working out where other elephants are—even when they are out of sight. Using tracking devices,researchers have shown that they ha ve “remarkable spatial acuity”,when finding their way to waterholes,they headed off in exactly the right direction,on one occasionfrom a distance of roughly thirty miles.What is more,they almost always seem to choose the nearest water hole.(47) The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need,and can therefore take shortcuts,as well as following familiar routes.Although the cues used by African elephants for long-distance navigation are not yet understood,smell maywell play a part.Elephants are very choosy eaters,but until recently little was known about how they selected theirfood.(48) One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found,but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy,not least because thein eyesight is actually not very good.(49) The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carrieda long way,andthey are very characteristic:Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature. What is more,they can be detected even when they are not actually visible.New research suggests that smell is a crucial factor in guiding elephants—and probably other herbivores —to thebest food resources.The researchers first established what kinds of plant the elephants preferred either to eat or avoid when foraging freely.They then set up a “fo od s tation”experiment,in which they gave elephants a series of choices based only on smell.(50)The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat,and secondly to assess the quality ofthe trees within each patch.Free-ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate their preferred food.参考译文：(46)它们有时跋涉六十多英里寻找食物或水，并且非常善于寻找其他大象的位置——即使它们不在视线范围内。
2021考研英语一阅读理解A解析
2021考研英语一阅读理解A解析As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes usre-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery?). I’ve found quite a few, and-since I started posting them on Twitter-they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorian had fun and could and did, laugh. They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.Of course, I need to concede that my collections of “Smiling Victorians”makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance. How do we explains this trend?During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs. The thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to contemplate, and so a non-committal blank stare became the norm.But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’s digital standards, the exposure was almost instantaneous. Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheesy grin. “Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,”ran one popular Victorian saying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shockingst ate of hygiene. A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular ‘pearly whites’ was a raresight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps and music hall performers might gurn and grin with a smile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be “nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”.31. According to Paragraph1, the author’s posts on TwitterA. changed people’s impression of the Victorians.B. highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies.C. re-evaluated the Victorians’notion of public image.D. illustrated the development of Victorian photography.32. What does author say about the Victorian portraits he has collected?A. They are in popular use among historians.B. They are rare among photographs of that age.C. They mirror 19th-century social conventions.D. They show effects of different exposure times.33. What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890s?A. Their inherent social sensitiveness.B. Their tension before the camera.C. Their distrust of new inventions.D. Their unhealthy dental condition.34. Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in picture wasA. a deep-root belief.B. a misguided attitude.C. a controversial view.D. a thought-provoking idea.35. Which of the following question does the text answer?A. Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?B. Why did the Victorians start to view photographs?C. What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian period?D. How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm?[正确答案] 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. A[解析]31. 通过题干定位词，可以定位至首段的首句，首句中“show that...”从句中表明作者的观点，于是关键词应为Victorian ancestors smiling, 而接下来紧接着论述people have been surprised that ...该句证明人们对于Victorians 的印象在看到作者的照片之前是不一样的，因此才会感到吃惊。
【考研】2024考研英语(一)真题及答案
【考研】2024考研英语(一)真题及答案一、真题回顾2024年的考研英语（一）真题在题型和难度上与往年保持一致，主要包括完形填空、阅读理解、翻译和作文四个部分。
下面，我们将对真题进行详细解析，并提供参考答案。
（一）完形填空完形填空部分共20题，每题0.5分，总计10分。
本题节选自一篇关于“人工智能与人类未来”的论述文章，文章主要探讨了人工智能对人类生活和工作的影响。
1. 真题示例：【原文】The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised concerns about its impact on human jobs and lifestyles.【问题】The word "concerns" in the firstline could best be replaced by______.A. interestsB. fearsC. considerationsD. attention【参考答案】B2. 答案解析：本题考查词汇替换。
根据文章首句中的"raised concerns"可知，这里表示的是人们对人工智能可能带来的负面影响感到担忧。
选项A、C和D均不能准确表达这个意思，而选项B（fears）表示“担忧”，与原文意思相符。
（二）阅读理解阅读理解部分共四篇文章，每篇文章后面有5个问题，共20题，每题2分，总计40分。
1. 真题示例：【原文】（文章主题：环保意识与可持续发展）【问题】What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of sustainable development.B. The relationship between environmental awareness and sustainable development.C. The role of individuals in promoting sustainable development.D. The challenges faced by sustainable development.【参考答案】B2. 答案解析：本题考查文章主旨。
考研英语一真题与答案解析
考研英语一真题与答案解析Introduction:During the preparation for the postgraduate entrance examination, many students focus on the English subject. In this article, we will analyze and interpret the concepts and strategies required to answer the questions based on a specific English subject test, providing a comprehensive guide for future test takers.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionReading comprehension is an important component of the English subject test. The test assesses the ability of candidates to understand and analyze written passages. To successfully tackle reading comprehension questions, candidates should adopt the following strategies:1. Skimming and Scanning: Before diving into the passage, skim through the text to get a general understanding of the topic and any subheadings. Then, scan the passage to identify keywords or phrases that are relevant to the questions.2. Contextual Clues: Instead of relying solely on background knowledge, pay attention to contextual clues within the passage to comprehend unfamiliar vocabulary and concepts.3. Question Analysis: Carefully analyze the questions to understand what is being asked. This will help in identifying the relevant information within the passage.4. Elimination Method: Use the process of elimination to remove incorrect answer choices, increasing the likelihood of selecting the correct one.Section 2: Vocabulary and GrammarVocabulary and grammar questions assess a candidate's understanding and usage of English words and sentence structures. To effectively answer these questions:1. Vocabulary Expansion: Regularly engage in reading English literature, articles, and newspapers to improve vocabulary acquisition.2. Contextual Understanding: Pay attention to the context in which certain words or phrases are used to derive their meaning. This will help in selecting the most appropriate option within the given context.3. Grammar Rules: Review basic grammar rules and practice identifying errors in sentences. Develop a strong foundation in sentence structure and word usage.Section 3: TranslationThe translation section tests the candidate's ability to accurately and fluently translate English passages into Chinese. To excel in this section:1. Knowledge of Vocabulary: Enhance your vocabulary by studying synonyms, antonyms, and idiomatic expressions. This will facilitate the accurate translation of English terminology.2. Sentence Structure: Familiarize yourself with both English and Chinese sentence structures to ensure a smooth and coherent translation.3. Practice: Regularly practice translating English passages into Chinese to improve speed, accuracy, and overall proficiency.Section 4: WritingThe writing section evaluates a candidate's ability to effectively express ideas and arguments in written form. To excel in this section:1. Understand the Prompt: Carefully read and analyze the writing prompt to ensure a clear understanding of the requirements and expectations.2. Organize Your Thoughts: Outline your essay by structuring your ideas into an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. This will provide a logical flow to your writing.3. Grammar and Vocabulary: Utilize appropriate grammar and rich vocabulary to enhance the clarity and persuasiveness of your arguments.4. Time Management: Allocate sufficient time for each section of the essay (introduction, body, conclusion) to ensure a well-balanced and coherent response.Conclusion:Preparing for the English subject test in the postgraduate entrance examination requires a systematic approach. By incorporating the strategies discussed in this article, candidates can enhance their skills in reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar, translation, and writing. Developing proficiency in these areas will greatly improve the chances of success in the examination.。
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Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding —the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities."All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children —the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children — disabled or not —to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying theirprograms, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.59. In paragrah 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ________.[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ________.[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potentials[D] disabled children deserve special consideration61. This passage mainly deals with ________.[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ________.[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was clearly stated by the country's founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisions：denote （v.表示）即de+note，de-向下，note 记录，“记录下来”→表示。
Wisdom denotes the pursuing of the best and by the best means.“明智”指的是以最好的方法追求最好的结果。
：①Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.▲第一个短句结构很简单，第二句中For these children to develop to their full adult potential是一个表示目的的状语，也可以看成是一个从主句their education must be adapted to those differences后面提前了的介词结构。
△第一个短句中exceptional一词我们从文章后面的叙述中可以知道它不是我们一般理解的“杰出的，出类拔萃的”，而应指“反常的，有缺陷的”，其实此处的exceptional是一种“身有残疾”的委婉表达法；significant应理解为“重要的，关键的”，而第二句的develop to their full adult potential的develop 是一个不及物动词，意为“发展，养成”，而potential是一个名词，意为“潜能”；be adapted to的意思是“被调整，适应”。
②While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.▲此句由一个while引导的让步状语从句the leading actor on the stage captures our attention和一个主句构成。
△要理解本句，重点是看到它是一个类比，把残疾儿童比喻为舞台上的主要角色，而他们的家庭和社会环境被比喻为配角和戏剧的布景。
在考研的阅读理解中，当我们碰到作者使用各种比喻和类比时，最重要的一点就是要弄清其用比喻来说明的对象。