听力教程第二册听力原文及答案(施心远)
施心远听力教程第2册Unit 2
Part 2 Passage Snack
• Exercise B: • I.C 2. D 3. A A 8. B
4. B
5. C
6. D
7.
• Exercise C: • 1. To those who knew him, he was a kind and generous friend. • 2. Recently the narrator's brother, who works for a famous American airline, remembered the truth that the plane was overbooked and for once all the passengers turned up. So he had the difficult task of choosing three passengers and informing them that they couldn't travel on the flight in question. • 3. The narrator's brother chose three elderly travellers, an English couple and a little old American lady. • 4. The English couple accepted the situation and went to have a drink while waiting for the next flight. • 5. The little old American lady advised the young man to sort out the problem right away, otherwise he would be in a lot of trouble.
听力综合教程2 施心远版 答案The Key to Unit 10
The Key to Unit 10:Section Two:Dialogue 1:1-5 TTFTT 6-8 FTTDialogue 2:1-5 BBDCC 6-8 CABPart 2: PassageMurderB. 1-5 ADDBD6-8 AABC. 1. He was called to go to the police.2. Because an elderly woman was attacked in her own house at night.3. He found footprints in the fresh snow at the back of the house, some very small fibers from clothes, and a window broken.4. Because every possible suspect had an alibi.5. Detective Sergeant Bob Reid interviewed a young man suspected of attacking two young girls, and then sent clothes and snow boots from this man’s house to the forensic science lab. Finally it was proved that the young man was the very man who had attacked the elderly woman six months before.Part 3: NewsNew Item 1:A. a delay in the launch of an atmospheric studies satelliteB. 1-4 DBCDNew Item 2:A. a discovery of a new planetB.Name: HD37605bV olume: a gas giant at least 2.8 times the mass of JupiterPlace: a planet orbiting a star in the constellation OrionDistance: about 140 light-years or roughly 800 trillion miles awayNew Item 3:A. the recollection of the Brazilian space accident in August 2003B. 1. Because the morale and reputation of the Brazilian space program were damaged by a deadly accident in 2003.2. Brazil will launch the country’s first rocket by 2006.3. Brazilian VLS rocket and launching platform exploded in a fiery ball at thespace agency’s Alcantara launch center in Maranhao state, 850 miles north of Brasilia. The accident killed 21 space agency employees.4. A government report on the accident, issued earlier this year, blamed poor maintenance for a series of mechanical failures that led to the explosion.。
听力教程第二册第二版听力原文与答案(施心远)Unit
Done To be done Relevant information
The place The hall has been hired.
The disco To find someone to do it.
The equipment The sound system and records will be delivered by a local company next week.
Three out of four pedestrians killed or seriously injured are either under fifteen or over sixty. The young and elderly may not judge speeds very well, and may step into the road when you do not expect them. Give them, and the infirm, orblind, or disabled people, plenty of time to cross the road.
B: Er, well Monday to Friday when I’m working er, yeah every day, um but not…not usually at the weekends.
. Coming to a zebra crossing
A.Slow down or stopto let people cross.
B.Signal toother drivers that you mean to slow down or stop.
C.Neverovertakejust before a zebra crossing.
听力教程第二版施心远unit2答案省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件
6. See you at five to one. __A_t_fi_v_e_p_a_st_o_n_e_._(d_)__________________________
because of _b_a_d_ly_-m__a_d_e_c_a_r_s_. D. In 1966, because of Nader’s work, _a__la_w__w_a_s__p_a_ss_e_d__to__m_ake
___c_a_r _s_a_fe_r_. _________
Ralph Nader
Section Two Listening Comprehension
Dialogue 1 Give Them Time to Get to Know You
Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the Followings statements are true or false.
Nader’s efforts. a. The first was to _e_n_su_r_e_th_e__sa_f_e_ty_o_f_g_a_s_p_ip_e_lin_e_s______. b. The second was to _p_ro_t_e_ct_p_e_o_p_le_f_ro_m__ra_d_ia_t_io_n____. c. The third was to _e_n_s_u_re_t_h_e_p_ro_p_e_r_s_ta_n_d_a_rd_o_f_p_o_u_lt_ry_. ____ IV. Ralph Nader, one of the most influential people in the United States A. He has set a wonderful _e_x_am__p_leof what _d_e_t_er_m_i_ne_d_ men and women can do to _im__p_ro_v_e_th_e__qu_a_l_ity__of_l_ife__in_t_h_ei_r_c_ou_n_t_ry.
听力教程第二版施心远unit2答案
Meaning
Yes NO Yes For menoy
I’m thinking
Country
Most places Argentina Brazil Canada
Colombia
Tapping your head Tapping your elbow Tapping your elbow
Circling your head Flicking your chin Flicking your chin Thumbs up Tossing your head Tossing your head Tossing your head
Ralph Nader
Notes
Gas pipelines: 煤气,天然气管道 Radiation: (the sending out of) heat, energy, etc in the form of
rays （热﹑ 能等的）放射; 辐射的热﹑ 能等
Leak：(of liquid or gas) get in or out in this way （指液体或气 体）渗入或逸出
Ralph Nader
B: Take notes and complete the following outline. Ralph Nader I. Ralph Nader, a man of few possessions very little A. He owns ____________ and lives in a small apartment _________________. a TV set a car B. He doesn’t have _______ or ________. many clothes C. He doesn’t have ________. money D. He doesn’t care about ___________.
施心远听力教程2第四单元文本及答案
Unit 4Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Phonetics--Stress, Intonation and Accent1. A: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the secretary’s office is please B: Yes. It’s up the stairs, then turn left, ... ↗2. A: Excuse me. Can you tell me where the toilets areB: Yes, they’re at the top of the stairs.↘3. A: What did you do after work yesterdayB: Ah, well, I went for a drink in the pub opposite the car-park. ↘4. A: What did you do after work yesterdayB: Oh, I ran into Jane and Tom ..... ↗5. A: Excuse me, can you tell me how the machine worksB: Certainly. Erm, first of all you adjust the height of the stool, and then put four 10 pence pieces there, ...↗6. A: Excuse me, can you tell me how the machine worksB: Yes. You put 30 pence in the slot and take the ticket out here. ↘Exercise:Part2 Listening and Note-takingFrog LegsPeople want frogs mostly for food. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries -- or at least until they have run out of frogs. But the most famous frog-eaters, and the people who inspired frog-eating in Europe and the United States are the French. By 1977 the French government, so concerned about the scarcity of its native frog, banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians. So the French turned to India and Bangladesh for frogs.As happened in France, American frog-leg fanciers and restaurants also turned increasingly to frozen imports. According to figures collected from government agencies, the United States imported more than million pounds of frozen frog meat each year between 1981 and 1984.So many frozen frog legs were exported from India to Europe and the United States. One of the attractions of Indian frogs, apart from the fact that they have bigger legs than French frogs, was the price. In London, a pound of frozen frog’s legs from India cost about ￡, compared with ￡ for the French variety.Indian scientists have described as “disastrous”the rate at which frogs are disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands, where they protect crops by devouring damaging insects.Since the India and Bangladesh frog-export bans, Indonesia has become the major exporter of frog legs to the United States and Europe. But no matter what country the legs come from, one thing is usually constant: The legs once belonged to frogs are taken from the wild, not from farms. Frogs are nearly impossible to farm economically in the countries where frogs are commercially harvested from the wild.Exercise A:1. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets forcenturies.2. By 1977 the French government banned commercial hunting of its ownamphibians.3. Indian scientists have described as “disastrous” the rate at whichfrogs are disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands.4. The United States imported more than million pounds of frozen frogmeat each year between 1981 and 1984.5. One of the attractions of Indian frogs was the price.Exercise B:Frog legsPeople want frogs mostly for food. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries, The most famous frog-eaters, and the people who inspired frog-eating in Europe and the United States are the French. By 1977 the French government banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians. So the French turned to India and Bangladesh for flogs. And the United States imported more than million pounds of frozen frog meat each year between 1981 and 1984. One of the attractions of Indian frogs was the price.Indian scientists have described as “disastrous” the rate at which frogs are disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands, where they protect crops by devouring damaging insects.Since the India and Bangladesh frog-export bans, Indonesia has become the major exporter of frog legs to the United States and Europe.But no matter what country the legs come from, one thing is usually constant: The legs once belonged to frogs are taken from the wild. not from farms.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1 Health ClubInterviewer: Lorna, you and your husband opened this health club here last summer. Can you tell me something about the clubLama: Yes, well we offer a choice of facilities -- gym, sunbed*, sauna* and Jacuzzi* -- that’s also from Scandinavia -- as well as our regular fitness classes, that is. And there’s a wholefood bar for refreshments afterwards.Interviewer: And does it cost a lot I mean, most people think health clubs are really expensive.Lama: Actually our rates are really quite competitive. Since we only started last July, we’ve kept them down to attract customers. It’s only ￡30 a year to join. Then an hour in the gym costs ￡ -- the same as half an hour on the sunbed. Sauna and Jacuzzi are both ￡ for half an hour.Interviewer: And is the club doing wellLama: Well, so far, yes, it’s doing really well. I had no idea it was going to be such a success, actually. We’re both very pleased. The sunbed’s so popular, especially with the over 65s, that we’re getting another one in August.Interviewer: What kind of people join the clubLama: We have people of all ages here, from small children to old-age pensioner s, though of course the majority, about three-quarters of our members, are in their 20s and 30s. They come in their lunch hour, to use the gym, mostly, or after work, while the Youngsters come whenschool finishes, around half past three or four. The Jacuzzi’s very popular with the little ones.Interviewer: What about the old-age pensionersLom a: They’re usually around in the mornings, when we offer them special reduced rates for the Jacuzzi or sauna, plus sunbed, it’s only ￡2, which is half price, actually. It doesn’t affect our profits really -- only about 5% of our members are retired.Exercise:Dialogue 2 SkiingSimon: This one shows the view from the top of the mountain.Sally: Oh, it’s lovely!Teresa: That’s me with the red bobble hat.Sally: Is itTeresa: Yet, it looks kind of silly, doesn’t itSally: Yes, it does rather.Teresa: Oh, don’t worry. I know it looks ridiculous.Simon: Look. That’s our instructor, Werner.Teresa: Yeah, we were in the beginners’ class.Sally: Well, everyone has to start somewhere.Simon: Ah, now, this is a good one.Sally: What on earth is thatSimon: Can’t you guessSally: Well, it looks like a pile of people. You know, sort of on top of each other.Teresa: It is!Sally: How did that happenSimon: Well, you see we were all pretty hopeless at first. Every day Werner used to take us to the nursery slope* to practise, and to get to the top you had to go up on a ski lift.Teresa: Which wasn’t really very easy.Simon: No, and if you fell off you’d start sliding down the slope, right into all the people coming up!Sally: Mmm.Simon: Well, on that day we were all going up on the ski lift, you know, we were just getting used to it, and, you see there was this one womanin our class who never got the hang of* it. She didn’t have any sort of control over her skis and whenever she started sliding, she would sort of stick her ski sticks out in front of her, you know, like swords or something.Teresa: I always tried to avoid her, but on that day I was right behind her on the ski lift* and just as she was getting to the top, she slipped and started sliding down the slope.Sally: Did sheSimon: Mmm, with her ski sticks waving around in front of her!Teresa: So of course everyone sort of let go and tried to jump off the ski lift to get out of the way.Simon: And that’s how they all ended up in a pile at the bottom of the slope -- it was lucky I had my camera with me.Sally: I bet that woman was popular!Simon: Oh, yes, everybody’s favourite!Exercise A:1. What are the speakers doingThey are looking at some pictures.2. What kind of class is mentioned in the conversationA ski class for beginners.3. How many of the speakers have been taking the classTwo.Exercise B:Everyday the coach took them to a nursery slope. They got to the top on a ski lift. In their class there was one woman who could never learn how to ski. She couldn’t control her skis and whenever she started sliding, she would stick her ski sticks out in front of her. People always triedto avoid her.One day as she was getting to the top, she slipped and started sliding down the slope. Everyone let go and tried to jump off the ski lift to get out of the way and they all ended up in a pile at the bottom of the slope.Part 2 PassagesPassage 2 The Truth about the French!Skiing in France is heaven on Earth for a dedicated skier. There are resorts where you can access skiing terrain that is larger than all the ski resorts in Utah* and Colorado* combined.The larger resorts have an adequate number of restaurants and discos. It is a good idea to eat a good lunch because the mountain restaurants are normally much better than the restaurants in the ski stations.French resorts are mostly government owned and operated. The social system puts a high percentage of money back into the areas. This provides state-of-the-art* lifts, snow making and snow grooming. In general, an intermediate skier who can read a lift map will easily be able to ski all day avoiding lift lines and crowds, even during the busiest season.The French school systems have a staggered* two-week winter vacation period. When the snow is good, nearly all of France migrates to the mountains for this period. The break usually covers the last two weeks of February and the first week of March. The time to absolutely avoid is the “Paris school holiday week”which will always be in the middle period of the vacation time but alternates starting the first or second week of the break.No one has a more undeserved* reputation about his or her character than the French. The French are not generally arrogant and rude. True,in large tourist centers there are unpleasant people and if you’re looking for or expecting rudeness, you may just provoke* it. Generally the French, especially in the countryside, are as kind as you wish and you will find warmth and acceptance. The most fractious* Frenchman is easily disarmed by a little sincerity*.When greeting someone or saying good-bye, always shake hands. Don’t use a firm, pumping handshake, but a quick, slight pressure one. When you enter a room or a shop you should greet everyone there. If you meet a person you know very well use their first name and kiss both cheeks. Men don’t usually kiss unless they are relatives. Good topics of conversation include food, sports, hobbies and where you come from. Topics to avoid are prices, where items were bought, what someone does for a living, income and age. Questions about personal and family life are considered private. Expect to find the French well-informed about the history, culture and politics of other countries. To gain their respect, be prepared to show some knowledge of the history and politics of France.France is generally a very safe country to visit. Pickpockets, however, are not unheard of. In large cities particularly, take precautions against theft. Always secure your vehicles, leave nothing of value visible and don’t carry your wallet in your back pocket. Beware of begging children!Exercise A:When greeting someone or saying good-bye, always shake hands. Don’t use a firm, pumping handshake, but a quick, slight pressure one. When you enter a room or a shop you should greet everyone there, lf you meet a person you know very well use their first name and kiss both cheeks, men don’t usually kiss unless they are relatives.Exercise B:2. A3. A4. B5. B6. C7. D8. D Exercise C:1. Why is it heaven on Earth for a dedicated skier in FranceBecause there are resorts where you can access skiing terrain that is larger than all the ski resorts in Utah and Colorado combined.2. Why is it a good place for an intermediate skierBecause an intermediate skier who can read a lift map will easily be able to ski all day avoiding lift lines and crowds, even during the busiest season.3. What does this staggered two-week winter vacation period coverThis staggered two-week winter vacation period usually covers the last two weeks of February and the first week of March.4. What is the character of the FrenchThe French are not generally arrogant and rude. They are as kind as you wish.5. Which precautions will a visitor take against theft in large cities in FranceIn large cities in France, always secure your vehicles, leave nothing of value visible and don’t carry your wallet in your back pocket. Beware of begging children!Part 3 NewsNews Item 1France’s busiest airport will reopen part of a terminal that was not damaged when a segment of the roof collapsed in May, killing four people.The Transport Minister Gilles de Robien said a segment of thethree-building 2E terminal at Charles de Gaulle airport would return to service on July 15. In the May 23 disaster, failing glass, steel and masonry* killed four travelers -- two Chinese, one Czech* and one Lebanese*. Three others were injured.A preliminary report by experts said Tuesday that a weakness in the concrete that formed the futuristic terminal’s vaulted roof may have contributed to the collapse.Officials are still unsure about what exactly caused it to collapse. Exercise A:This news item is about the new information Of France Charles de Gaulle airport where a segment of the roof collapsed in May.Exercise B:News Item 2An Antonov 26 plane crashed in northwestern Congo shortly after take-off on Saturday, killing all 22 Congolese passengers and the crew. It was not known how many crew members were on the plane when it crashed near the town of Boende, more than 600 km northeast of the capital Kinshasa. The cause of the crash was unknown.A string of accidents this week has underlined the parlous* state of Democratic Republic of Congo’s transport infrastructure* after five years of war and decades of misrule.More than 160 people drowned when a ferry sank during a storm on Lake Mai-Ndombe, north east of Kinshasa, on Tuesday.On Saturday, 18 people were killed or injured when a small truck experienced brake trouble and crashed near the eastern town of Goma. Exercise A:This news item is about a string of accidents this week in Congo. Exercise B: A String of Accidents This WeekNews Item 3In the United States lawyers for Raed Jarrar, an airline passenger forced to cover his T-shirt because it displayed an Arabic script, say he has been awarded almost a quarter of a million dollars in compensation.Lawyers representing Raed Jarrar say the payout is a victory for free speech and a blow to the practice of racial profiling. Back in 2006 Mr Jarrar was waiting to board a flight at New York's JFK airport wearing a T-shirt that read "We Will Not Be Silent" in English and Arabic.His lawyers claim he was ordered to remove the item of clothing by staff who said other passengers felt uncomfortable with the Arabic slogan. He eventually agreed to cover the shirt and boarded the plane, but says he was made to sit at the back.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the practice of racial profiling in the United States.Exercise B: Listen and fill in the blanks with what you hear.Raed Jarrar, an airline passenger, has recently been awarded a total of ＄240,000 in compensation.Back in 2006 Mr Jarrar was waiting to board a flight at New York’s JFK airport wearing a T-shirt that read “We Will Not Be Silent” in English and Arabic. Later he was ordered to remove the printed words on his T-shirt by staff who said other passengers felt uncomfortable withthe Arabic slogan. He eventually agreed to cover the shirt and boarded the plane, but says he was made to sit at the back.Lawyers representing Raed Jarrar say the payout is a victory for free speech and a blow to the practice of racial profiling.Section Three Oral WorkRetellingThere is a street called “The Strand”in Galveston, where hundreds of thousands of tourists visit today. This street was Mama’s stomping* ground as a kid. Before Mama died, we took a streetcar around Galveston to see all the lovely, restored homes. What a great day. She knew more than the tour guide. As we sat enjoying the sights, Mama said, “Liz, do you know why my nose is a little crooked*” (I thought, “Where did that come from”) “No, Mama, you haven’t ever mentioned it,” I replied.“Well,” said mother, “one day I followed my brothers to The Strand, and a streetcar ran over me. I put myself flat down between the rails and pushed my face in the ground so hard, I broke my nose! It sure caused a lot of chaos*. People screamed, the police came, and I just crawled out, brushed myself off and went home. The only thing I ever noticed different about me was a crooked nose.”I just looked at her nose and looked at Mama in utter disbelief!Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPassage 1 Babies and IntelligenceSome people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life.Research scientists at the National Institute of Child Health and Development note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes.A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other humans. This ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. They say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.The Finnish researchers used devices to measures the babies’ brain activity. The researchers played recordings of spoken sounds for up to one hour while the babies slept.The head of the study believes that babies can learn while asleep because the part of their brains called the cerebral cortex* remains active at night. The cortex is very important for learning. This part of the brain is not active in adults while they sleep.Many experts say the first years of a child’s life are important for all later development. An American study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children. The study involved more than 1,200 mothers and children. Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. They observed the mothers playing with their children four times during this period.The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children’s activities and did not interfere unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old. The children of depressed women did not do as well on tests as thechildren of women who did not suffer from depression. The children of depressed women did poorly on tests of language skills and understanding what they hear. These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people.Another study suggests that babies who are bigger at birth generally are more intelligent later in life. It found that the intelligence of a child at seven years of age is directly linked to his or her weight at birth. Study organizers say this is probably because heavier babies received more nutrition* during important periods of brain development before they were born.The study involved almost 3,500 children. Researchers in New York City used traditional tests to measure intelligence. Brothers and sisters were tested so that the effects of birth weight alone could be separated from the effects of diet or other considerations.The researchers found that children with higher birth weights generally did better on the intelligence tests. Also, the link between birth weight and intelligence later in life was stronger for boys than for girls.Exercise A:1. Some people thought babies were able to learn things when they were five or six months old.2. Doctors think babies begin learning things on their first day of life.3. Babies communicate with other people by smiling.4. They can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.5. Babies can learn while asleep.6. They are important for a child’s all later development.Exercise B: Study 1Study 2Exercise C:Your opinionDirections: Listen to the passage again and give your opinion on the following topics,“Many experts say the first years of a child’s life are important for all later development.”1. What should mothers do in the first year of a child’s life2. What might affect a child if his parents get divorced in his first year of lifePassage 2 FatigueFatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy.Fatigue is different from drowsiness. In general, drowsiness is feeling the need to sleep, while fatigue is a lack of energy and motivation. Drowsiness and apathy(a feeling of indifference or not caring about what happens) can be symptoms of fatigue.Fatigue can be a normal and important response to physical exertion, emotional stress, boredom, or lack of sleep. However, it can also be a nonspecific sign of a more serious psychological or, physical disorder. Fatigue that is not relieved by enough sleep, good nutrition, or a low-stress environment should be evaluated by your doctor. Because fatigue is a common complaint, sometimes a potentially serious cause may be overlooked.The pattern of fatigue may help your doctor determine its underlyingcause. For example, if you wake up in the morning rested but rapidly develop fatigue with activity, you may have an ongoing physical condition like an underactive thyroid*. On the other hand, if you wake up with a low level of energy and have fatigue that lasts throughout the day, you may be depressed.Here are some tips for reducing fatigue:Get adequate, regular, and consistent amounts of sleep eachnight.Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet and drink plenty of waterthroughout the day.Exercise regularly.Learn better ways to relax. Try yoga* or meditation*.Maintain a reasonable work and personal schedule.Change your stressful circumstances, if possible. For example,switch jobs, take a vacation, and deal directly with problemsin a relationship.Take a multivitamin. Talk to your doctor about what you need andwhat is best for you.Avoid alcohol, nicotine*, and drag use.If you have chronic* pain or depression, treating either often helps address the fatigue. However, some antidepressant* medications may cause or worsen fatigue. Your medication may have to be adjusted to avoid this problem. Do not stop or change any medications without instruction from your doctor.Stimulants* (including caffeine) are not effective treatments for fatigue, and can actually make the problem worse when the drugs are discontinued. Sedatives* also tend to intensify fatigue in the long run.Exercise A: Pre-listening questionWhat is fatigue What’s the difference between fatigue and drowsiness Fatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy. Fatigue is different from drowsiness. In general, drowsiness is feeling the need to sleep, while fatigue is a lack of energy and motivation. Drowsiness and apathy can be symptoms of fatigue.Exercise B:1. D2. A3. B4. D5. A6. B7. C8. CExercise C:1. When do people feel fatiguedFatigue is a normal and important response to physical exertion, emotional stress, boredom, or lack of sleep.2. What can also be symptoms of fatigueDrowsiness and apathy can be symptoms of fatigue.3. What can usually relieve fatigueEnough exercise, good nutrition, or low-stress environment can usually relieve fatigue.4. What treatment can also help deal with fatigueTreatment for chronic pain or depression often helps address fatigue.5. What is the side effect of some antidepressant medicationThey may cause or worsen fatigue.。
听力教程第二版施心远unit-答案
Town and Country of Birth
India
Part 2 Prediction and Inference
Listen to some sentences or short conversations and predict what the speaker is going to say. Fill in the blanks with the possible answers.
forensic [fə'rensik]: used in courts of law 关于法庭的 alibi ['æli.bai; 'ælə.bai]: an excuse, esp. to avoid blame 不
在场证明或辩解，托辞
Passage Murder
A: Pre-listening question
Dialogue 2 A Pension Scheme
Notes
tax relief: the easing of tax 税收减免
life insurance pension insurance
Dialogue 2 A Pension Scheme
Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 1. _B__ 2. _B__ 3. _D__ 4. _C__ 5. _C__ 6. _C__ 7. _A__ 8. __B_
1. .... want to come. too? 2. .... is not very good. 3. ..... I never read them. 4. ...Let's go. 5. ...That's two blocks from here.
施心远听力教程2第三单元文本及问题详解
Unit 3Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Phonetics-Stress, Intonation and Accent1. A: Do you want some grapes?B: No, thanks, I don’t like them.2. A: What do you think of Scotland?B: I’ve never been there.3. A: My son’s called David.B: How old is she?4. A: Can I book a table for tonight, please?B: Certainly. How many is it for?A: There’ll be three of them.5. A: Can you get some cornflakes?B: Do you want a large or small packet?A: A small one.1. A: a. want b. grapesB: a. like b. them2. A: a think b. ScotlandB: a. been b. there3. A: a. call b. DavidB: a. old b. he4. A: a. book b. tonightB: a. certainly b. manyA: a. three b. them5. A: a. get b. cornflakesB: a. large or small b. packetA: a. small b. onePart 2 Listening and Note-takingA TerritoryWhen we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space. Animals have their territories, which they mark out with their personal scent. The scent is their territorial signal. Human beings have other territorial signals. There are three kinds of human territory, marked by different territorial signals.First, there are the Tribal Territories, which in modem terms are known as countries. Countries have a number of territorial signals. The borders are oftenguarded by soldiers and they usually have customs barriers, flags, and signs. Other signals of the tribal territory are uniforms and national anthems. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering a foreign country and, while he is there, he must behave like a visitor.Second, there is the Family Territory, at the center of which is the bedroom. This is usually as far away as possible from the front door. Between the bedroom and the front door are the spaces where visitors are allowed to enter. People behave differently when they’re in someone else’s house. As soon as they come up the driveway or walk through the front door -- the first signals of family territory -- they are in an area which does not belong to them. They do not feel at home, because it is full of other people’s belongings -- from the flowers in the garden to the chairs, tables, carpets, ornaments, and other things in the house. In the same way, when a family goes to the beach or to the park for a picnic, they mark out a small territory with towels, baskets, and other belongings; other families respect this, and try not to sit down right beside them.Finally, there is the Personal Territory. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space. If a man enters a waiting room and sits at one end of a row of chairs, it is possible to predict where the next man will sit. It won’t be next to him or at the other end of the room, but halfway between. In a crowded space like a train, we can’t have much personal territory, so we stand looking straight in front of us with blank faces. We don’t look at or talk to anyone around us.Exercise A: Listen to the passage and write down the missing words.1. When we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space.2. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering a foreign country.3. People behave differently when they’re in someone else’s house.4. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space.5. It won’t be next to him or at the other end of the room, but halfway between. Exercise B:Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1Credit Card—I recently touring around America found there was a chap I was with ... He ... we were booked in by an American organization into a hotel, paid for by them, but they would not let him go through the lobby to his room unless they had a credit card number to prove that he was a human being that was trustworthy. (Right, right.) In other words we’ve got to the stage now with credit cards, however friendly you look, however wealthy you look, or however nice you look ... (That’s right, it doesn’t matter, they just want to see that number.) Excuse me, where is your credit card? —Because you know you can’t rent a major automobile in the States, you know, you can’t rent without, without using a credit card, you can’t, you know like y ou were saying, go into a hotel ...—I think that what’s underneath that is the society in which you’re only good if you have numbers attached to you, (Mm.) that are computerized, (Yeah.) and can traceyou, and everybody’s insured against everybody else (Y eah.) and ... that side of credit I find rather upsetting.—It’s kind of ugly, isn’t it?— Like a lot of people, it’s a great facility, if you’re disciplined with it.Key: 1. D 2. D 3. CDialogue 2 Card Insurances—I’ll tell you about one awful experience that happened to me, erm, I took out, erm ... one of these card insurances that cover all your cards (Mm.) should your cards be stolen and I had my handbag snatched* in a store and immediately got the store security, who were very quick, got me into their office and we phoned all of the credit cards that I had on me, within ten minutes.— Which is what they tell you to do?—Yeah. When, I suppose by the time we’d got to all of them it about half an after the bag had been snatched. Got up to the top floor of the office, started ringing round, and the whole thing was done within half an hour. Erm, when the bag was snatched it went through apparently a chain of people, out of the store, and it went two miles away and they managed to ... three different people had spent over ￡2,000 on four of my cards ...—But you’re only liable* for the first 50.—I wasn’t liable for any of it. Because thank goodness I had this insurance.—None of it. Yeah.—But ...—Touch wood* quick. That was ...—.. .They’d spent it w ithin twenty minutes of stealing.—That’s incredible, isn’t it?—And the thing that absolutely horrified me was I was close to limits on two of the cards, the ones that I do clear every month (Mm –mm.) I was close to the limit I’m allowed on those, and they, both of those cards they went into banks, said they were me, and got (No!) well over what the top limit would have been.—Really! Well it just goes to show, you could walk into a bank and get more than you could possibly ever pay off*!—I couldn’t probably, because I go in, and they say, “No, you’ve spent it all already!”—Right, right.Key: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F8.TPart 2 PassageCredit CardsThe system of bank credit cards operates in much the same way as a store credit account except that the holder is not restricted to making purchases in one place.Cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is display ed, and that could be at a shop, a service station, a hotel, a restaurant or in fact at all kinds ofbusinesses.The sales assistant imprints the card details onto a sales voucher* which the customer signs, and the card is then returned to the customer. Each month the bank sends the holder a credit card statement setting out where purchases were made and totalling what is owing. A payment has to be made within 25 days of the date of the statement, but not necessarily the full amount. If the customer pays in full within this time the use of the card does not cost anything. But if he decides to pay only the minimum repayment shown on the statement --£5 or 5% of the outstanding* balance*, which- ever is the greater -- he automatically chooses to use the system’s extended repayment facility. The remaining balance is then carried forward and attracts interest at the rate of 2.25% per month.Bank credit cards are more versatile than store credit accounts in that they also enable people to obtain cash. Any bank displaying the bank card sign will arrange a cash advance* for a card holder, whether or not be is one of their own customers. For money drawn in this way the bank makes a charge at the rate of 2.25% a month calculated daily from the day the advance is obtained. Details of cash advances appear on the monthly bank card statement.The bank credit card system operates entirely separately from cheque accounts but nevertheless it is a customer’s previous relationship with his bank that is used as a guide to the amount of credit he will be extended. When a card is issued a personal credit limit is imposed indicating the maximum that can be owing at any one time. This is confidential* between customer and bank and does not appear on the card. Exercise A:The system of bank credit cards operates in much the same way as a store credit account except that the holder is not restricted to making purchases in one place. Bank credit cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is displayed and in fact at all kinds of businesses. Bank credit cards also enable people to obtain cash. Exercise B:1. A2. C3. C4. B5. D6. D7. B8. BExercise C:1. Where can bank credit cards be presented?Bank credit cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is displayed, e.g. at a shop, a service station, a hotel, a restaurant, etc.2. What does the bank send the holder each month?Each month the bank sends the holder a credit card statement setting out where purchases were made and totalling what is owing.3. When the holder has received the credit card statement, what are the choices he has on hand?The customer can pay in full within 25 days of the date of the statement or he can pay only the minimum repayment shown on the statement.4. Why are bank credit cards more versatile than store credit accounts?Because they also enable people to obtain cash.5. What is imposed indicating the maximum that can be owing at any one time when a card is issued?When a card is issued a personal credit limit is imposed indicating the maximum that can be owing at any one time.Part 3 NewsNews Item 1Thousands of public workers have begun to demonstrate violently against a retirement reform plan passed by Brazilian lawmakers Wednesday. Demonstrators clashed with riot police in front of Congress after the chamber of deputies approved the measure. Brazilian media reports say at least 60 people were injured. Some demonstrators said the president had betrayed them by seeking approval of the measure in Congress. The measure is designed to cut retirement assistance, raise the retirement age of public workers and tax their retirement money. The government says the changes are necessary to save the government thousands of millions of dollars. Exercise A:This news item is about public workers’ reaction to a ret irement reform plan passed by Brazilian lawmakers.Exercise B:Thousands of public workers have begun to demonstrate violently against a retirement reform plan passed by Brazilian lawmakers Wednesday. Demonstrators clashed with riot police in front of Congress after the chamber of deputies approved the measure.Some demonstrators said the president had betrayed them by seeking approval of the measure in Congress. The measure is designed to cut retirement assistance, raise the retirement age of public workers and tax their retirement money.News Item 2According to a report to Congress, more than 4.5 million students endure sexual misconduct* by employees at their schools, from inappropriate jokes all the way to forced sex.The best estimate available shows nearly one in l0 kids faces misbehaviour ranging from unprofessional to criminal sometime between kindergarten and 12th grade.The report, delivered to Congress on Wednesday, is the first to analyze research about sexual misconduct at schools.Some educators took issue with the way the report combines sexual abuse with other behaviours such as inappropriate jokes, in one broad category of sexual misconduct.Exercise A:This news item is about prevalent sexual misconduct endured by students according to a report to Congress.Exercise B:1.B2. D3. C4. ANews Item 3The recession and the prospect of another strike in Hollywood could combine to make it a miserable New Year for the entertainment business. The global credit crunch is making it much more difficult for studios to get funding for big budget pictures. High earning actors are being asked to lower their expectations and accept more modest salaries.The Screen Actors Guild has said it will ballot its 120,000 members on a possible strike, although it needs a 75 per vote in favor before a walkout can be authorized by the union’s leaders.The mood of many is that now is not the time to rock the boat and that the fight over payments for work on the internet should wait until a later date.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the impact of recession on Hollywood.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. F2. T3. T4. F5. T6. FSection Three Oral WorkRetellingTen-year-old Anja Lea did not want to wash the dishes. She and her mother were arguing. The mother was threatening her and bribing her. I asked Anja Lea how much she felt understood by her mother about why she did not want to do the washing up. Here is a copy of our dialogue.“Okay, so Mom wants you to do the dishes and you don’t want to. Plus Mom said she isn’t going to take you to school until you do them? Is that right so far?”“Yes.”“Okay, so you are probable feeling forced…?”“Yes.”“And threatened…?”“Yes.”“Okay. And how much do you feel understood by your mom? From 0—10?”“Zero!”I then asked Anja Lea to explain why she didn’t want to do the dishes. The more she talked and the more I listened, the more she felt understood. Somewhere along the way, she started washing the dishes without any more arguments or protest! In a few minutes I asked her how much she felt understood by me. She said 8. I asked her what else she wanted me to understand. When she told me, I checked again to see how much she felt understood. This time it was a perfect 10 and the dishes were finished too!But this is not the end of this story. When she was in the car on the way to school Anja Lea voluntarily apologized to her mother for giving her such a hard time. The mother apologized in return, they both accepted the other’s apology and then shared a few tears and a loving hug.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPassage 1Parent-Teacher Associations6 million people in the United States belong to parent-teacher associations*, or PTA. PTA’s work is to help schools and students in their communities.Members give their time to serve on committees. They plan school projects and special activities, such as sales and other events to assist schools. Members also serve as activists for children’s issues* before government agencies and other organizations. There are national, state and local PTA organizations. PTA groups exist in the 50 American states and the District of Columbia. The PTA also operates in the United States Virgin Islands and in Department of Defense schools in the Pacific and Europe. These are schools for children of American military families.Three women are responsible for establishing the Parent-Teacher Association. Two of them, Alice McLellan Birney and Phoebe Apperson Hearst, established the Congress of Mothers in 1897. Both women lived in Washington, D.C.Alice Birney proposed the plan for the group in 1895. Two years later, she met Phoebe Hears who provided the money to start the organization. Later, fathers, educators and other interested citizens joined the group. It then changed its name to the National Congress of Parent-Teacher Associations.Selena Sloan Butler is considered the third founder of the PTA. She established and served as the first president of the National Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers. In 1970, the congress united with the National PTA.The National PTA provides members with, among other things, information online about educational issues. It publishes a free newsletter called “This Week in Washington” on its website. It tells about developments that affect education.There are critics of the National PTA. In a recent book, education researcher Charlene Haar says the positions of the group mainly serve the interests of teachers unions. PTA spokeswoman Jenni Sopko says the group speaks for parents, students and teachers, and is not influenced by the unions. She also notes that other countries have used the PTA in the United States as an example to develop their own parent-teacher associations.Exercise A:1. What does PTA stand for?It stands for parent-teacher associations.2. What is PTA’s work?Its work is to help schools and students in their communities.3. How many people in the U.S. belong to PTA?Six million people in the United States belong to parent-teacher associations. 4. What is Selena Sloan Butler’s achievement?She established and served as the first president of the National Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers.5. With what can the National PTA provide its members?The National PTA can provide its members with information online about educational issues.Exercise B:1. The plan to establish PTA group was proposed in 1895 by Alice Birney. Two years later, she met Phoebe Hearst who provided the money to start the organization. Later, fathers, educators and other interested citizens joined the group.2. Members of PTA’s should give their time to serve on committees. They plan school projects and special activities. Members also serve as activists for children’s issues before government agencies and other organizations.3. PTA groups exist in the 50 American states and the District of Columbia. The PTA also operates in Department of Defense schools in the Pacific and Europe. These are schools for children of American military families.4. The Nation PTA publishes a free newsletter called “This Week in Washington” on its website. It tells about developments that affect education.5. There are critics of the National PTA. An education researcher Charlene Haar says the positions of the group mainly serve the interests of teachers unions. Exercise C:Your opinionDirections: Listen to the passage again and give your opinion on the following topics. “PTA’s work is to help schools and students in their communities.”1. Is it necessary for schools in China to have PTA?2. What roles can PTA play at schools in China?3. If your parent is selected as the member of PTA. will you support him/her? Passage 2Your Legal Rights at the SalesJust who is doing the favour for whom in the sales? Are the shops really giving us shoppers a chance to buy bargains? Or are we just helping them to clear their shelves twice a year to make way for new lines* -- buying up* the rubbish they would otherwise throw away?In most sales there is a bit of both. Some bargains are more genuine than others. Some price claims are true, while others are misleading or plain false.If the sale notice says “Coats -- reduced from £30 to £10” it should, by law, be true.The rules are that, unless a shop says otherwise, the coats must have been on sale at the higher price for at least 28 consecutive day s in the previous six months. They can, however, get around it by saying “Last week £30. Now £10.”Be a bit suspicious about a ticket which just says “Sale price £5.” It may mean the goods are specially bought in for the sale and does not necessarily indicate any reduction.And there is nothing to prevent the shopkeeper boasting: “Worth £50, only £20” or even “Normally £300, only £150.”Another practice which is frowned upon, though not illegal, is an imprecise offer, like “Up to £l0 off latest models.” It gives no clear idea of how much you have to spend or exactly what you have to buy to benefit.If you see a price claim you do not believe or feel to be misleading, you can complain to the local Trading Standards Office -- the town hall will put you in touch.If you see a notice saying “No refunds on sales goods,” ignore it, but don’t forget it. It is illegal for shops to say this and you should report it to the Trading Standards Officer. He can order the signs to be removed.Sale or no sale, nothing can remove your right to your money back if the goods are faulty. If on the other hand, you just change your mind about something you buy in the sale the shop does not have to give you anything back.Goods labelled “seconds” have their own peculiar problems. You cannot expect something described as “seconds” to be perfect in every way, but the shop has no right to sell you anything that is not fit for the purpose for which it was made.A “slightly imperfect” kettle should still boil water and you can demand your money back if it doesn’t. So take your spectacles with you and never be afraid to ask what is substandard about the thing you are about to buy.Exercise A:You have the right to know the true price. You have the right to know the quality of goods. Sale or no sale, nothing can remove your right to your money back if the goods are faulty.Exercise B:1. D2. D3. C4. A5. A6. D7. C8. B Exercise C:1. In most sales, some bargains are more genuine than others and some price claims are true, while others are misleading or plain false.2. Because they want to make way for new lines.3. The shopkeeper’s boasting, like “Worth £50, only £20” or even “Normally £300, only £150”; and an imprecise offer, like “Up to £10 off latest models.”4. The shop has no right to sell you anything that is not fit for the purpose for which it was made.5. When you just change your mind about the things you buy in the sale.。
听力教程2 施心远 unit 7 答案
III. Rescue control is set up in a mobile base. A. This vehicle carries the team's supplies other than personal equipment. B. It is equipped with radio telephone and the means of
injuries there were.
3. The third party on the mountain is the back-up group.
4. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey. 5. The base is set up near a telephone so that extra help can be contacted without delay.
Dialogue 1 Stressed Out nut [nʌt]: an enthusiast 狂热者，热心家 meditate [‘mediteit]:think intently and at length,
as for spiritual purposes 沉思，冥想
Listen to the dialogue again and decide whether the following statements are true or false. F I. Mia looks fired and beaten. (You look beat means you look tired.) T 2. Mia has been under a lot of pressure probably because she finds it difficult to meet the deadlines. (Mia: I've got a million things to do .... Just lots of deadlines.) T 3. She is repairing her house herself. (Mia: I'm working on the house too, you know. I'm trying to fix it up.) T 4. Her friend believes exercise can help you relax. T 5. Her friend also believes that if you get regular exercises you will probably become a fitness nut. (Friend: Well, you need to manage that stress a little better. Are you getting any exercise?)
施心远听力教程2第三单元文本和答案解析
Unit 3Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Phonetics-Stress, Intonation and Accent1. A: Do you want some grapes?B: No, thanks, I don’t like them.2. A: What do you think of Scotland?B: I’ve never been there.3. A: My son’s called David.B: How old is she?4. A: Can I book a table for tonight, please?B: Certainly. How many is it for?A: There’ll be three of them.5. A: Can you get some cornflakes?B: Do you want a large or small packet?A: A small one.1. A: a. want b. grapesB: a. like b. them2. A: a think b. ScotlandB: a. been b. there3. A: a. call b. DavidB: a. old b. he4. A: a. book b. tonightB: a. certainly b. manyA: a. three b. them5. A: a. get b. cornflakesB: a. large or small b. packetA: a. small b. onePart 2 Listening and Note-takingA TerritoryWhen we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space. Animals have their territories, which they mark out with their personal scent. The scent is their territorial signal. Human beings have other territorial signals. There are three kinds of human territory, marked by different territorial signals.First, there are the Tribal Territories, which in modem terms areknown as countries. Countries have a number of territorial signals. The borders are often guarded by soldiers and they usually have customs barriers, flags, and signs. Other signals of the tribal territory are uniforms and national anthems. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering a foreign country and, while he is there, he must behave like a visitor.Second, there is the Family Territory, at the center of which is the bedroom. This is usually as far away as possible from the front door. Between the bedroom and the front door are the spaces where visitors are allowed to enter. People behave differently when they’re in someone else’s house. As soon as they come up the driveway or walk through the front door -- the first signals of family territory -- they are in an area which does not belong to them. They do not feel at home, because it is full of other people’s belongings -- from the flowers in the garden to the chairs, tables, carpets, ornaments, and other things in the house. In the same way, when a family goes to the beach or to the park for a picnic, they mark out a small territory with towels, baskets, and other belongings; other families respect this, and try not to sit down right beside them. Finally, there is the Personal Territory. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space. If a man enters a waiting room and sits at one end of a row of chairs, it is possible to predict where the next man will sit. It won’t be next to him or at the other end of the room, but halfway between. In a crowded space like a train, we can’t have much personal territory, so we stand looking straight in front of us with blank faces. We don’t look at or talk to anyone around us. Exercise A: Listen to the passage and write down the missing words.1. When we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space.2. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering a foreign country.3. People behave differently when they’re in someone else’s house.4. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space.5. It won’t be next to him or at the other end of the room, but halfway between.Exercise B:A TerritoryI. Territory, a defended spaceA. Territory is marked by territorial signals.a. Animals mark out their territories with their personal scent,their territorial signals.│b. Human beings have three kinds of human territory, marked bydifferent territorial signals.II. Three kinds of human territoryA. Tribal Territories or countriesa. Countries have a number of territorial signals.1.The borders, guarded by soldiers, with customs barriers, flags, and signs2. Uniforms and national anthems.B. Family Territorya. Family Territory1.The front door.2. The driveway.b. When a family goes to the beach or to the park for a picnic,they mark out a small territory with towels, baskets, and otherbelongingsC. Personal Territorya. In public places people automatically mark out an area personal spac e.b. In a crowded space, we stand looking straight in front of us with blank faces.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1Credit Card—I recently touring around America found there was a chap I was with ... He ... we were booked in by an American organization into a hotel, paid for by them, but they would not let him go through the lobby to his room unless they had a credit card number to prove that he was a human being that was trustworthy. (Right, right.) In other words we’ve got to the stage now with credit cards, however friendly you look, however wealthy you look, or however nice you look ... (That’s right, it doesn’t matter, they just want to see that number.) Excuse me, where is your credit card? —Because you know you can’t rent a major automobile in the States, you know, you can’t rent without, without using a credit card, you can’t,you know like you were saying, go into a hotel ...—I think that what’s underneath that is the society in which you’re only good if you have numbers attached to you, (Mm.) that are computerized, (Yeah.) and can trace you, and everybody’s insured against everybody else (Yeah.) and ... that side of credit I find rather upsetting.— It’s kind of ugly, isn’t it?— Like a lot of people, it’s a great facility, if you’re disciplined with it.Key: 1. D 2. D 3. CDialogue 2 Card Insurances— I’ll tell you about one awful experience that happened to me, erm, I took out, erm ... one of these card insurances that cover all your cards (Mm.) should your cards be stolen and I had my handbag snatched* in a store and immediately got the store security, who were very quick, got me into their office and we phoned all of the credit cards that I had on me, within ten minutes.— Which is what they tell you to do?—Yeah. When, I suppose by the time we’d got to all of them it about half an after the bag had been snatched. Got up to the top floor of the office, started ringing round, and the whole thing was done within half an hour. Erm, when the bag was snatched it went through apparently a chain of people, out of the store, and it went two miles away and they managed to ... three different people had spent over ￡2,000 on four of my cards ...—But you’re only liable* for the first 50.—I wasn’t liable for any of it. Because thank goodness I had this insurance.—None of it. Yeah.—But ...—Touch wood* quick. That was ...—.. .They’d spent it within twenty minutes of stealing.—That’s incredible, isn’t it?—And the thing that absolutely horrified me was I was close to limits on two of the cards, the ones that I do clear every month (Mm – mm.) I was close to the limit I’m allowed on those, and they, both of those cards they went into banks, said they were me, and got (No!) well over what the top limit would have been.—Really! Well it just goes to show, you could walk into a bank and get more than you could possibly ever pay off*!—I couldn’t probably, because I go in, and they say, “No, you’ve spent it all already!”—Right, right.Key: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F 8.TPart 2 PassageCredit CardsThe system of bank credit cards operates in much the same way as a store credit account except that the holder is not restricted to making purchases in one place.Cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is display ed, and that could be at a shop, a service station, a hotel, a restaurant or in fact at all kinds of businesses.The sales assistant imprints the card details onto a sales voucher* which the customer signs, and the card is then returned to the customer. Each month the bank sends the holder a credit card statement setting out where purchases were made and totalling what is owing. A payment has to be made within 25 days of the date of the statement, but not necessarily the full amount. If the customer pays in full within this time the use of the card does not cost anything. But if he decides to pay only the minimum repayment shown on the statement --£ 5 or 5% of the outstanding* balance*, which- ever is the greater -- he automatically chooses to use the system’s extended repayment facility. The remaining balance is then carried forward and attracts interest at the rate of 2.25% per month. Bank credit cards are more versatile than store credit accounts in that they also enable people to obtain cash. Any bank displaying the bank card sign will arrange a cash advance* for a card holder, whether or not be is one of their own customers. For money drawn in this way the bank makes a charge at the rate of 2.25% a month calculated daily from the day the advance is obtained. Details of cash advances appear on the monthly bank card statement.The bank credit card system operates entirely separately from cheque accounts but nevertheless it is a customer’s previous relationship with his bank that is used as a guide to the amount of credit he will be extended. When a card is issued a personal credit limit is imposed indicating the maximum that can be owing at any one time. This is confidential* between customer and bank and does not appear on the card.Exercise A:The system of bank credit cards operates in much the same way as a store credit account except that the holder is not restricted to making purchases in one place. Bank credit cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is displayed and in fact at all kinds of businesses. Bank credit cards also enable people to obtain cash.Exercise B:1. A2. C3. C4. B5. D6. D7. B8. BExercise C:1. Where can bank credit cards be presented?Bank credit cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is displayed, e.g. at a shop, a service station, a hotel, a restaurant, etc.2. What does the bank send the holder each month?Each month the bank sends the holder a credit card statement setting out where purchases were made and totalling what is owing.3. When the holder has received the credit card statement, what are the choices he has on hand?The customer can pay in full within 25 days of the date of the statement or he can pay only the minimum repayment shown on the statement.4. Why are bank credit cards more versatile than store credit accounts? Because they also enable people to obtain cash.5. What is imposed indicating the maximum that can be owing at any one time when a card is issued?When a card is issued a personal credit limit is imposed indicating the maximum that can be owing at any one time.Part 3 NewsNews Item 1Thousands of public workers have begun to demonstrate violently against a retirement reform plan passed by Brazilian lawmakers Wednesday. Demonstrators clashed with riot police in front of Congress after the chamber of deputies approved the measure. Brazilian media reports say at least 60 people were injured. Some demonstrators said the president had betrayed them by seeking approval of the measure in Congress. The measure is designed to cut retirement assistance, raise the retirement age of public workers and tax their retirement money. The government says the changes are necessary to save the government thousands of millions of dollars.Exercise A:This news item is about public workers’reaction to a retirement reform plan passed by Brazilian lawmakers.Exercise B:Thousands of public workers have begun to demonstrate violently against a retirement reform plan passed by Brazilian lawmakers Wednesday. Demonstrators clashed with riot police in front of Congress after the chamber of deputies approved the measure.Some demonstrators said the president had betrayed them by seeking approval of the measure in Congress. The measure is designed to cut retirement assistance, raise the retirement age of public workers and tax their retirement money.News Item 2According to a report to Congress, more than 4.5 million students endure sexual misconduct* by employees at their schools, from inappropriate jokes all the way to forced sex.The best estimate available shows nearly one in l0 kids faces misbehaviour ranging from unprofessional to criminal sometime between kindergarten and 12th grade.The report, delivered to Congress on Wednesday, is the first to analyze research about sexual misconduct at schools.Some educators took issue with the way the report combines sexual abuse with other behaviours such as inappropriate jokes, in one broad category of sexual misconduct.Exercise A:This news item is about prevalent sexual misconduct endured by students according to a report to Congress.Exercise B:1.B2. D3. C4. ANews Item 3The recession and the prospect of another strike in Hollywood could combine to make it a miserable New Year for the entertainment business. The global credit crunch is making it much more difficult for studios to get funding for big budget pictures. High earning actors are being asked to lower their expectations and accept more modest salaries.The Screen Actors Guild has said it will ballot its 120,000 members on a possible strike, although it needs a 75 per vote in favor before a walkout can be authorized by the union’s leaders.The mood of many is that now is not the time to rock the boat and that the fight over payments for work on the internet should wait until a later date.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the impact of recession on Hollywood. Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. F2. T3. T4. F5. T6. FSection Three Oral WorkRetellingTen-year-old Anja Lea did not want to wash the dishes. She and her mother were arguing. The mother was threatening her and bribing her. I asked Anja Lea how much she felt understood by her mother about why she did not want to do the washing up. Here is a copy of our dialogue.“Okay, so Mom wants you to do the dishes and you don’t want to. Plus Mom said she isn’t going to take you to school until you do them? Is thatright so far?”“Yes.”“Okay, so you are probable feeling forced…?”“Yes.”“And threatened…?”“Yes.”“Okay. And how much do you feel understood by your mom? From0—10?”“Zero!”I then asked Anja Lea to explain why she didn’t want to do the dishes. The more she talked and the more I listened, the more she felt understood. Somewhere along the way, she started washing the dishes without any more arguments or protest! In a few minutes I asked her how much she felt understood by me. She said 8. I asked her what else she wanted me to understand. When she told me, I checked again to see how much she felt understood. This time it was a perfect 10 and the dishes were finished too!But this is not the end of this story. When she was in the car on the way to school Anja Lea voluntarily apologized to her mother for giving her such a hard time. The mother apologized in return, they both accepted the other’s apology and then shared a few tears and a loving hug.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPassage 1Parent-Teacher Associations6 million people in the United States belong to parent-teacher associations*, or PTA. PTA’s work is to help schools and students in their communities.Members give their time to serve on committees. They plan school projects and special activities, such as sales and other events to assist schools. Members also serve as activists for children’s issues* before government agencies and other organizations. There are national, state and local PTA organizations. PTA groups exist in the 50 American states and the District of Columbia. The PTA also operates in the United States Virgin Islands and in Department of Defense schools in the Pacific and Europe. These are schools for children of American military families. Three women are responsible for establishing the Parent-Teacher Association. Two of them, Alice McLellan Birney and Phoebe Apperson Hearst, established the Congress of Mothers in 1897. Both women lived in Washington, D.C.Alice Birney proposed the plan for the group in 1895. Two years later, she met Phoebe Hears who provided the money to start the organization. Later, fathers, educators and other interested citizens joined the group. It then changed its name to the National Congress of Parent-Teacher Associations.Selena Sloan Butler is considered the third founder of the PTA. She established and served as the first president of the National Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers. In 1970, the congress united with the National PTA.The National PTA provides members with, among other things, information online about educational issues. It publishes a free newsletter called “This Week in Washington” on its website. It tells about developments that affect education.There are critics of the National PTA. In a recent book, education researcher Charlene Haar says the positions of the group mainly serve the interests of teachers unions. PTA spokeswoman Jenni Sopko says the group speaks for parents, students and teachers, and is not influenced by the unions. She also notes that other countries have used the PTA in the United States as an example to develop their own parent-teacher associations. Exercise A:1. What does PTA stand for?It stands for parent-teacher associations.2. What is PTA’s work?Its work is to help schools and students in their communities.3. How many people in the U.S. belong to PTA?Six million people in the United States belong to parent-teacher associations.4. What is Selena Sloan Butler’s achievement?She established and served as the first president of the National Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers.5. With what can the National PTA provide its members?The National PTA can provide its members with information online about educational issues.Exercise B:1. The plan to establish PTA group was proposed in 1895by Alice Birney. Two years later, she met Phoebe Hearst who provided the money to start the organization. Later, fathers, educators and other interested citizens joined the group.2. Members of PTA’s should give their time to serve on committees. They plan school projects and special activities. Members also serve as activists for children’s issues before government agencies and other organizations.3. PTA groups exist in the 50 American states and the District of Columbia. The PTA also operates in Department of Defense schools in the Pacific and Europe. These are schools for children of American military families.4. The Nation PTA publishes a free newsletter called “This Week in Washington” on its website. It tells about developments that affect education.5. There are critics of the National PTA. An education researcher Charlene Haar says the positions of the group mainly serve the interests of teachers unions.Exercise C:Your opinionDirections: Listen to the passage again and give your opinion on the following topics.“PTA’s work is to help schools and students in their communities.”1. Is it necessary for schools in China to have PTA?2. What roles can PTA play at schools in China?3. If your parent is selected as the member of PTA. will you support him/her?Passage 2Your Legal Rights at the SalesJust who is doing the favour for whom in the sales? Are the shops really giving us shoppers a chance to buy bargains? Or are we just helping them to clear their shelves twice a year to make way for new lines* -- buying up* the rubbish they would otherwise throw away?In most sales there is a bit of both. Some bargains are more genuine than others. Some price claims are true, while others are misleading or plain false.If the sale notice says “Coats -- reduced from £30 to £10” it should, by law, be true.The rules are that, unless a shop says otherwise, the coats must have been on sale at the higher price for at least 28 consecutive day s in the previous six months. They can, however, get around it by saying “Last week £30. Now £10.”Be a bit suspicious about a ticket which just says “Sale price £ 5.”It may mean the goods are specially bought in for the sale and does not necessarily indicate any reduction.And there is nothing to prevent the shopkeeper boasting: “Worth £50, only £20” or even “Normally £300, only £150.”Another practice which is frowned upon, though not illegal, is an imprecise offer, like “Up to £l0 off latest models.”It gives no clear idea of how much you have to spend or exactly what you have to buy to benefit.If you see a price claim you do not believe or feel to be misleading, you can complain to the local Trading Standards Office -- the town hall will put you in touch.If you see a notice saying “No refunds on sales goods,”ignore it, but don’t forget it. It is illegal for shops to say this and you should report it to the Trading Standards Officer. He can order the signs to be removed.WORD格式可编辑Sale or no sale, nothing can remove your right to your money back if the goods are faulty. If on the other hand, you just change your mind about something you buy in the sale the shop does not have to give you anything back.Goods labelled “seconds” have their own peculiar problems. You cannot expect something described as “seconds” to be perfect in every way, but the shop has no right to sell you anything that is not fit for the purpose for which it was made.A “slightly imperfect”kettle should still boil water and you can demand your money back if it doesn’t. So take your spectacles with you and never be afraid to ask what is substandard about the thing you are about to buy.Exercise A:You have the right to know the true price. You have the right to know the quality of goods. Sale or no sale, nothing can remove your right to your money back if the goods are faulty.Exercise B:1. D2. D3. C4. A5. A6. D7. C8. BExercise C:1. In most sales, some bargains are more genuine than others and some price claims are true, while others are misleading or plain false.2. Because they want to make way for new lines.3. The shopkeeper’s boasting, like “Worth £50, only £20”or even “Normally £300, only £150”; and an imprecise offer, like “Up to £10 off latest models.”4. The shop has no right to sell you anything that is not fit for the purpose for which it was made.5. When you just change your mind about the things you buy in the sale.专业技术知识共享。
施心远听力教程2第四单元文本及答案
Unit 4Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Phonetics--Stress, Intonation and Accent1. A: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the secretary’s office is please? B: Yes. It’s up the stairs, then turn left, ... ↗2. A: Excuse me. Can you tell me where the toilets are?B: Yes, they’re at the top of the stairs.↘3. A: What did you do after work yesterday?B: Ah, well, I went for a drink in the pub opposite the car-park. ↘4. A: What did you do after work yesterday?B: Oh, I ran into Jane and Tom ..... ↗5. A: Excuse me, can you tell me how the machine works?B: Certainly. Erm, first of all you adjust the height of the stool, and then put four 10 pence pieces there, ...↗6. A: Excuse me, can you tell me how the machine works?B: Yes. You put 30 pence in the slot and take the ticket out here. ↘Exercise:Part2 Listening and Note-takingFrog LegsPeople want frogs mostly for food. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries -- or at least until they have run out of frogs. But the most famous frog-eaters, and the people who inspired frog-eating in Europe and the United States are the French. By 1977 the French government, so concerned about the scarcity of its native frog, banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians. So the French turned to India and Bangladesh for frogs.As happened in France, American frog-leg fanciers and restaurants also turned increasingly to frozen imports. According to figures collected from government agencies, the United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frog meat each year between 1981 and 1984.So many frozen frog legs were exported from India to Europe and theUnited States. One of the attractions of Indian frogs, apart from the fact that they have bigger legs than French frogs, was the price. In London, a pound of frozen frog’s legs from India cost about ￡1.75, compared with ￡3.75 for the French variety.Indian scientists have described as “disastrous”the rate at which frogs are disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands, where they protect crops by devouring damaging insects.Since the India and Bangladesh frog-export bans, Indonesia has become the major exporter of frog legs to the United States and Europe. But no matter what country the legs come from, one thing is usually constant: The legs once belonged to frogs are taken from the wild, not from farms. Frogs are nearly impossible to farm economically in the countries where frogs are commercially harvested from the wild.Exercise A:1. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets forcenturies.2. By 1977 the French government banned commercial hunting of its ownamphibians.3. Indian scientists have described as “disastrous” the rate at whichfrogs are disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands.4. The United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frogmeat each year between 1981 and 1984.5. One of the attractions of Indian frogs was the price.Exercise B:Frog legsPeople want frogs mostly for food. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries, The most famous frog-eaters, and the people who inspired frog-eating in Europe and the United States are the French. By 1977 the French government banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians. So the French turned to India and Bangladesh for flogs. And the United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frog meat each year between 1981 and 1984. One of the attractions of Indian frogs was the price.Indian scientists have described as “disastrous” the rate at which frogs are disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands, where they protect crops by devouring damaging insects.Since the India and Bangladesh frog-export bans, Indonesia has become the major exporter of frog legs to the United States and Europe.But no matter what country the legs come from, one thing is usually constant: The legs once belonged to frogs are taken from the wild. not from farms.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1 Health ClubInterviewer: Lorna, you and your husband opened this health club here last summer. Can you tell me something about the club?Lama: Yes, well we offer a choice of facilities -- gym, sunbed*, sauna* and Jacuzzi* -- that’s also from Scandinavia -- as well as our regular fitness classes, that is. And there’s a wholefood bar for refreshments afterwards.Interviewer: And does it cost a lot? I mean, most people think health clubs are really expensive.Lama: Actually our rates are really quite competitive. Since we only started last July, we’ve kept them down to attract customers. It’s only ￡30 a year to join. Then an hour in the gym costs ￡2.50 -- the same as half an hour on the sunbed. Sauna and Jacuzzi are both ￡1.50 for half an hour.Interviewer: And is the club doing well?Lama: Well, so far, yes, it’s doing really well. I had no idea it was going to be such a success, actually. We’re both very pleased. The sunbed’s so popular, especially with the over 65s, that we’re getting another one in August.Interviewer: What kind of people join the club?Lama: We have people of all ages here, from small children to old-age pensioner s, though of course the majority, about three-quarters of our members, are in their 20s and 30s. They come in their lunch hour, to use the gym, mostly, or after work, while the Youngsters come when school finishes, around half past three or four. The Jacuzzi’s very popular with the little ones.Interviewer: What about the old-age pensioners?Loma: They’re usually around in the mornings, when we offer them special reduced rates for the Jacuzzi or sauna, plus sunbed, it’s only ￡2, which is half price, actually. It doesn’t affect our profits really -- only about 5% of our members are retired.Exercise:Dialogue 2 SkiingSimon: This one shows the view from the top of the mountain.Sally: Oh, it’s lovely!Teresa: That’s me with the red bobble hat.Sally: Is it?Teresa: Yet, it looks kind of silly, doesn’t it?Sally: Yes, it does rather.Teresa: Oh, don’t worry. I know it looks ridiculous.Simon: Look. That’s our instructor, Werner.Teresa: Yeah, we were in the beginners’ class.Sally: Well, everyone has to start somewhere.Simon: Ah, now, this is a good one.Sally: What on earth is that?Simon: Can’t you guess?Sally: Well, it looks like a pile of people. You know, sort of on top of each other.Teresa: It is!Sally: How did that happen?Simon: Well, you see we were all pretty hopeless at first. Every day Werner used to take us to the nursery slope* to practise, and to get to the top you had to go up on a ski lift.Teresa: Which wasn’t really very easy.Simon: No, and if you fell off you’d start sliding down the slope, right into all the people coming up!Sally: Mmm.Simon: Well, on that day we were all going up on the ski lift, you know, we were just getting used to it, and, you see there was this one woman in our class who never got the hang of* it. She didn’t have any sort of control over her skis and whenever she started sliding, she would sort of stick her ski sticks out in front of her, you know, like swords or something.Teresa: I always tried to avoid her, but on that day I was right behind her on the ski lift* and just as she was getting to the top, she slipped and started sliding down the slope.Sally: Did she?Simon: Mmm, with her ski sticks waving around in front of her! Teresa: So of course everyone sort of let go and tried to jump off the ski lift toget out of the way.Simon: And that’s how they all end ed up in a pile at the bottom of the slope -- it was lucky I had my camera with me.Sally: I bet that woman was popular!Simon: Oh, yes, everybody’s favourite!Exercise A:1. What are the speakers doing?They are looking at some pictures.2. What kind of class is mentioned in the conversation?A ski class for beginners.3. How many of the speakers have been taking the class?Two.Exercise B:Everyday the coach took them to a nursery slope. They got to the top on a ski lift. In their class there was one woman who could never learn how to ski. She couldn’t control her skis and whenever she started sliding, she would stick her ski sticks out in front of her. People always tried to avoid her.One day as she was getting to the top, she slipped and started sliding down the slope. Everyone let go and tried to jump off the ski lift to get out of the way and they all ended up in a pile at the bottom of the slope.Part 2 PassagesPassage 2 The Truth about the French!Skiing in France is heaven on Earth for a dedicated skier. There are resorts where you can access skiing terrain that is larger than all the ski resorts in Utah* and Colorado* combined.The larger resorts have an adequate number of restaurants and discos. It is a good idea to eat a good lunch because the mountain restaurants are normally much better than the restaurants in the ski stations.French resorts are mostly government owned and operated. The social system puts a high percentage of money back into the areas. This provides state-of-the-art* lifts, snow making and snow grooming. In general, an intermediate skier who can read a lift map will easily be able to ski all day avoiding lift lines and crowds, even during the busiest season.The French school systems have a staggered* two-week winter vacation period. When the snow is good, nearly all of France migrates to the mountains for this period. The break usually covers the last two weeks of February and the first week of March. The time to absolutely avoid is the “Paris school holiday week”which will always be in the middle period of the vacation time but alternates starting the first or second week of the break.No one has a more undeserved* reputation about his or her character than the French. The French are not generally arrogant and rude. True,in large tourist centers there are unpleasant people and if you’re looking for or expecting rudeness, you may just provoke* it. Generally the French, especially in the countryside, are as kind as you wish and you will find warmth and acceptance. The most fractious* Frenchman is easily disarmed by a little sincerity*.When greeting someone or saying good-bye, always shake hands. Don’t use a firm, pumping handshake, but a quick, slight pressure one. When you enter a room or a shop you should greet everyone there. If you meet a person you know very well use their first name and kiss both cheeks. Men don’t usually kiss unless they are relatives. Good topics of conversation include food, sports, hobbies and where you come from. Topics to avoid are prices, where items were bought, what someone does for a living, income and age. Questions about personal and family life are considered private. Expect to find the French well-informed about the history, culture and politics of other countries. To gain their respect, be prepared to show some knowledge of the history and politics of France.France is generally a very safe country to visit. Pickpockets, however, are not unheard of. In large cities particularly, take precautions against theft. Always secure your vehicles, leave nothing of value visible and don’t carry your wallet in your back pocket. Beware of begging children!Exercise A:When greeting someone or saying good-bye, always shake hands. Don’t use a firm, pumping handshake, but a quick, slight pressure one. When you enter a room or a shop you should greet everyone there, lf you meet a person you know very well use their first name and kiss both cheeks, men don’t usually kiss unless they are relatives.Exercise B:1.C2. A3. A4. B5. B6. C7. D8. DExercise C:1. Why is it heaven on Earth for a dedicated skier in France?Because there are resorts where you can access skiing terrain that is larger than all the ski resorts in Utah and Colorado combined.2. Why is it a good place for an intermediate skier?Because an intermediate skier who can read a lift map will easily be able to ski all day avoiding lift lines and crowds, even during the busiest season.3. What does this staggered two-week winter vacation period cover? This staggered two-week winter vacation period usually covers the last two weeks of February and the first week of March.4. What is the character of the French?The French are not generally arrogant and rude. They are as kind as you wish.5. Which precautions will a visitor take against theft in large cities in France?In large cities in France, always secure your vehicles, leave nothing of value visible and don’t carry your wall et in your back pocket. Beware of begging children!Part 3 NewsNews Item 1France’s busiest airport will reopen part of a terminal that was not damaged when a segment of the roof collapsed in May, killing four people.The Transport Minister Gilles de Robien said a segment of the three-building 2E terminal at Charles de Gaulle airport would return to service on July 15. In the May 23 disaster, failing glass, steel and masonry* killed four travelers -- two Chinese, one Czech* and one Lebanese*. Three others were injured.A preliminary report by experts said Tuesday that a weakness in the concrete that formed the futuristic terminal’s vaulted roof may have contributed to the collapse.Officials are still unsure about what exactly caused it to collapse. Exercise A:This news item is about the new information Of France Charles de Gaulle airport where a segment of the roof collapsed in May.Exercise B:News Item 2An Antonov 26 plane crashed in northwestern Congo shortly after take-off on Saturday, killing all 22 Congolese passengers and the crew. It was not known how many crew members were on the plane when it crashednear the town ofBoende, more than 600 km northeast of the capital Kinshasa. The cause of the crash was unknown.A string of accidents this week has underlined the parlous* state of Democratic Republic of Congo’s transport infrastructure* after five years of war and decades of misrule.More than 160 people drowned when a ferry sank during a storm on Lake Mai-Ndombe, north east of Kinshasa, on Tuesday.On Saturday, 18 people were killed or injured when a small truck experienced brake trouble and crashed near the eastern town of Goma. Exercise A:This news item is about a string of accidents this week in Congo. Exercise B: A String of Accidents This WeekNews Item 3In the United States lawyers for Raed Jarrar, an airline passenger forced to cover his T-shirt because it displayed an Arabic script, say he has been awarded almost a quarter of a million dollars in compensation.Lawyers representing Raed Jarrar say the payout is a victory for free speech and a blow to the practice of racial profiling. Back in 2006 Mr Jarrar was waiting to board a flight at New York's JFK airport wearing a T-shirt that read "We Will Not Be Silent" in English and Arabic.His lawyers claim he was ordered to remove the item of clothing by staff who said other passengers felt uncomfortable with the Arabic slogan. He eventually agreed to cover the shirt and boarded the plane, but says he was made to sit at the back.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the practice of racial profiling in the United States.Exercise B: Listen and fill in the blanks with what you hear.Raed Jarrar, an airline passenger, has recently been awarded a totalof＄240,000 in compensation.Back in 2006 Mr Jarrar was waiting to board a flight at New York’s JFK airport wearing a T-shirt that read “We Will Not Be Silent” in English and Arabic. Later he was ordered to remove the printed words on his T-shirt by staff who said other passengers felt uncomfortable with the Arabic slogan. He eventually agreed to cover the shirt and boarded the plane, but says he was made to sit at the back.Lawyers representing Raed Jarrar say the payout is a victory for free speech and a blow to the practice of racial profiling.Section Three Oral WorkRetellingThere is a street called “The Strand”in Galveston, where hundreds of thousands of tourists visit today. This street was Mama’s stomping* ground as a kid. Before Mama died, we took a streetcar around Galveston to see all the lovely, restored homes. What a great day. She knew more than the tour guide. As we sat enjoying the sights, Mama said, “Liz, do you know why my nose is a little crooked*?”(I thought, “Where did that come from?”) “No, Mama, you haven’t ever mentioned it,” I replied.“Well,” said mother, “one day I followed my brothers to The Strand, and a streetcar ran over me. I put myself flat down between the rails and pushed my face in the ground so hard, I broke my nose! It sure caused a lot of chaos*. People screamed, the police came, and I just crawled out, brushed myself off and went home. The only thing I ever noticed different about me was a crooked nose.”I just looked at her nose and looked at Mama in utter disbelief!Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPassage 1 Babies and IntelligenceSome people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life.Research scientists at the National Institute of Child Health and Development note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes.A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other humans. This ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. They say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.The Finnish researchers used devices to measures the babies’ brain activity. The researchers played recordings of spoken sounds for up to one hour while the babies slept.The head of the study believes that babies can learn while asleepbecause the part of their brains called the cerebral cortex*remains active at night. The cortex is very important for learning. This part of the brain is not active in adults while they sleep.Many experts say the first years of a child’s life are important for all later development. An American study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children. The study involved more than 1,200 mothers and children. Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. They observed the mothers playing with their children four times during this period.The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children’s activities and did not interfere unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old. The children of depressed women did not do as well on tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression. The children of depressed women did poorly on tests of language skills and understanding what they hear. These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people.Another study suggests that babies who are bigger at birth generally are more intelligent later in life. It found that the intelligence of a child at seven years of age is directly linked to his or her weight at birth. Study organizers say this is probably because heavier babies received more nutrition* during important periods of brain development before they were born.The study involved almost 3,500 children. Researchers in New York City used traditional tests to measure intelligence. Brothers and sisters were tested so that the effects of birth weight alone could be separated from the effects of diet or other considerations.The researchers found that children with higher birth weights generally did better on the intelligence tests. Also, the link between birth weight and intelligence later in life was stronger for boys than for girls.Exercise A:1. Some people thought babies were able to learn things when they were five or six months old.2. Doctors think babies begin learning things on their first day of life.3. Babies communicate with other people by smiling.4. They can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.5. Babies can learn while asleep.6. They are important for a child’s all later development.Exercise B:Exercise C:Your opinionDirections: Listen to the passage again and give your opinion on the following topics,“Many experts say the first years of a child’s life are important for all later development.”1. What should mothers do in the first year of a child’s life?2. What might affect a child if his parents get divorced in his first year of life?Passage 2 FatigueFatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy.Fatigue is different from drowsiness. In general, drowsiness is feeling the need to sleep, while fatigue is a lack of energy and motivation. Drowsiness and apathy(a feeling of indifference or not caring about what happens) can be symptoms of fatigue.Fatigue can be a normal and important response to physical exertion, emotional stress, boredom, or lack of sleep. However, it can also be a nonspecific sign of a more serious psychological or, physical disorder. Fatigue that is not relieved by enough sleep, good nutrition, or a low-stress environment should be evaluated by your doctor. Because fatigue is a common complaint, sometimes a potentially serious cause may be overlooked.The pattern of fatigue may help your doctor determine its underlying cause. For example, if you wake up in the morning rested but rapidly develop fatigue with activity, you may have an ongoing physical condition like an underactive thyroid*. On the other hand, if you wake up with a low level of energy and have fatigue that lasts throughout the day, you may be depressed.Here are some tips for reducing fatigue:●Get adequate, regular, and consistent amounts of sleep eachnight.●Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet and drink plenty of waterthroughout the day.●Exercise regularly.●Learn better ways to relax. Try yoga* or meditation*.●Maintain a reasonable work and personal schedule.●Change your stressful circumstances, if possible. For example,switch jobs, take a vacation, and deal directly with problemsin a relationship.●Take a multivitamin. Talk to your doctor about what you need andwhat is best for you.●Avoid alcohol, nicotine*, and drag use.If you have chronic* pain or depression, treating either often helps address the fatigue. However, some antidepressant* medications may cause or worsen fatigue. Your medication may have to be adjusted to avoid this problem. Do not stop or change any medications without instruction from your doctor.Stimulants* (including caffeine) are not effective treatments for fatigue, and can actually make the problem worse when the drugs are discontinued. Sedatives* also tend to intensify fatigue in the long run. Exercise A: Pre-listening questionWhat is fatigue? What’s the difference between fatigue and drowsiness? Fatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy. Fatigue is different from drowsiness. In general, drowsiness is feeling the need to sleep, while fatigue is a lack of energy and motivation. Drowsiness and apathy can be symptoms of fatigue.Exercise B:1. D2. A3. B4. D5. A6. B7. C8. CExercise C:1. When do people feel fatigued?Fatigue is a normal and important response to physical exertion, emotional stress, boredom, or lack of sleep.2. What can also be symptoms of fatigue?Drowsiness and apathy can be symptoms of fatigue.3. What can usually relieve fatigue?Enough exercise, good nutrition, or low-stress environment can usually relieve fatigue.4. What treatment can also help deal with fatigue?Treatment for chronic pain or depression often helps address fatigue.5. What is the side effect of some antidepressant medication?They may cause or worsen fatigue.（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。
施心远听力教程第2册Unit 1
Section Two
Listening Comprehension
Dialogue 1 making arrangements
• Exercise:
•
Done To be done
Relevant information
•
• The place
The hall has been hired.
• The disco
To find someone to do it.
• The equipment
The sound system and records will be
•
delivered by a local company next week.
• The bar
The drinks will be delivered next week.
fifteen or over sixty. • The young and the elderly may not judge speeds very well. • Give them, and the infirm, or blind, or disabled people, plenty of time to
• 5. Eating small, healthy snacks can keep you from stuffing yourself at the next meal.
Tape script
• It’s 3:15 in the afternoon and half the office just stepped out* for a coffee break. Your eyelids are starting to close and 7-11 is just around the corner. A soda or a bag of chips would be just the thing to perk you up*. So you, too, go out for an afternoon snack.
施心远听力教程2第三单元文本及答案
Unit 3Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Phonetics-Stress, Intonation and Accent 1. A: Do you want some grapes?B: No, thanks, I don’t like them.2. A: What do you think of Scotland?B: I’ve never been there.3. A: My son’s called David.B: How old is she?4. A: Can I book a table for tonight, please? B: Certainly. How many is it for?A: There’ll be three of them.5. A: Can you get some cornflakes?B: Do you want a large or small packet?A: A small one.1. A: a. want b. grapesB: a. like b. them2. A: a think b. ScotlandB: a. been b. there3. A: a. call b. DavidB: a. old b. he4. A: a. book b. tonightB: a. certainly b. manyA: a. three b. them5. A: a. get b. cornflakesB: a. large or small b. packetA: a. small b. onePart 2 Listening and Note-takingA TerritoryWhen we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space. Animals have their territories, which they mark out with their personal scent. The scent is their territorial signal. Human beings have other territorial signals. There are three kinds of human territory, marked by different territorial signals.First, there are the TribalTerritories, which in modem terms are known as countries. Countries have a number of territorial signals. The borders are often guarded by soldiers and they usually have customs barriers, flags, and signs. Other signals of the tribal territory are uniforms and national anthems. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering a foreign country and, while he is there, he must behave like a visitor.Second, there is the FamilyTerritory, at the center of which is the bedroom. This is usually as far away as possible from the front door.Between the bedroom and the front door are the spaces where visitors are allowed to enter. People behave differently when they’re in someone else’s house. As soon as they come up the driveway or walk through the front door -- the first signals of family territory -- they are in an area which does not belong to them. They do not feel at home, because it is full of other people’s belongings -- from the flowers in the garden to the chairs, tables, carpets, ornaments, and other things in the house. In the same way, when a family goes to the beach or to the park for a picnic, they mark out a small territory with towels, baskets, and other belongings; other families respect this, and try not to sit down right beside them. Finally, there is the PersonalTerritory. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space. If a man enters a waiting room and sits at one end of a row of chairs, it is possible to predict where the next man will sit. It won’t be next to him or at the other end of the room, but halfway between. In a crowded space like a train, we can’t have much personal territory, so we stand looking straight in front of us with blank faces. We don’t look at or talk to anyone around us. Exercise A:Listen to the passage and write down the missing words.1. When we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space.2. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering a foreign country.3. People behave differently when they’re in someone else’s house.4. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space.5. It won’t be next to him or at the other end of the room, but halfway between.Exercise B:Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1Credit Card—I recently touring around America found there was a chap I was with ... He ... we were booked in by an American organization into a hotel, paid for by them, but they would not let him go through the lobby to his room unless they had a credit card number to prove that he was a human being that was trustworthy. (Right, right.) In other words we’ve got to the stage now with credit cards, however friendly you look, however wealthy you look, or however nice you look ... (That’s right, it doesn’t matter,they just want to see that number.) Excuse me, where is your credit card? —Because you know you can’t rent a majorautomobile in the States, you know, you can’t rent without, without using a credit card, you can’t, you know like you were saying, go into a hotel ...—I think that what’s underneath that is the society in which you’re only good if you have numbers attached to you, (Mm.) that are computerized, (Yeah.) and can trace you, and everybody’s insured against everybody else (Yeah.) and ... that side of credit I find rather upsetting.— It’s kind of ugly, isn’t it?— Like a lot of people,it’s a great facility, if you’re disciplined with it.Key: 1.D 2. D 3. CDialogue 2 Card Insurances— I’ll tell you about one awful experience that happened to me, erm, I took out, erm ... one of these card insurances that cover all your cards (Mm.) should your cards be stolen and I had my handbag snatched* in a store and immediately got the store security, who were very quick, got me into their office and we phoned all of the credit cards that I had on me, within ten minutes.— Which is what they tell you to do?—Yeah. When, I suppose by the time we’d got to all of them it about halfan after the bag had been snatched. Got up to the top floor of the office, started ringing round, and the whole thing was done within half an hour. Erm, when the bag was snatched it went through apparently a chain of people, out of the store, and it went two miles away and they managed to ... three different people had spent over ￡2,000 on four of my cards ...—But you’re only liable* for the first 50.—I wasn’t liable for any of it. Because thank goodness I had this insurance.—None of it. Yeah.—But ...—Touch wood* quick. That was ...—.. .They’d spent it within twenty minutes of stealing.—That’s incredible, isn’t it?—And the thing that absolutelyhorrified me was I was close to limits on two of the cards, the ones that I do clear every month (Mm – mm.) I was close to the limit I’m allowed on those, and they, both of those cards they went into banks, said they were me, and got (No!) well over what the top limit would have been.—Really! Well it just goes to show, you could walk into a bank and get more than you could possibly ever payoff*!—I couldn’t probably, because I go in, and they say, “No, you’ve spent it all already!”—Right, right.Key: 1. F 2. F 3.F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F 8.TPart 2 PassageCredit CardsThe system of bank credit cards operates in much the same way as a store credit account except that the holder is not restricted to making purchases in one place.Cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is display ed, and that could be at a shop, a service station, a hotel, a restaurant or in fact at all kinds of businesses.The sales assistant imprints the card details onto a sales voucher* which the customer signs, and the card is then returned to the customer. Each month the bank sends the holder a credit card statementsetting out where purchases were made and totalling what is owing. A payment has to be made within 25 days of the date of the statement, but not necessarily the full amount. If the customer pays in full within this time the use of the card does not cost anything. But if he decides to pay only the minimum repayment shown on the statement --£5 or 5% of the outstanding* balance*, which- ever is the greater -- he automatically chooses to use the system’s extended repayment facility. The remaining balance is then carried forward and attracts interest at the rate of 2.25% per month.Bank credit cards are more versatile than store credit accounts in that they also enablepeopletoobtain cash.Any bank displaying the bank card sign will arrange a cash advance* for a card holder, whether or not be is one of their own customers. For money drawn in this way the bank makes a charge at the rate of 2.25% a month calculated daily from the day the advance is obtained. Details of cash advances appear on the monthly bank card statement.The bank credit card system operates entirely separately from cheque accounts but nevertheless it is a customer’s previous relationship with his bank that is used as a guide to the amount of credit he will be extended. When a card is issued a personal credit limit is imposed indicating the maximum that can be owing at any one time. This is confidential* between customer and bank and does not appear on the card.Exercise A:The system of bank credit cards operates in much the same way as a store credit account except that the holder is not restricted to making purchases in one place. Bank credit cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is displayed and in fact at all kinds of businesses. Bank credit cards also enable people to obtain cash.Exercise B:1. A2. C3. C4. B5. D6. D7.B8. BExercise C:1. Where can bank credit cards be presented?Bank credit cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is displayed, e.g. at a shop, a service station, a hotel, a restaurant, etc.2. What does the bank send the holder each month?Each month the bank sends the holder a credit card statement setting out where purchases were made and totalling what is owing.3. When the holder has received the credit card statement, what are the choices he has on hand?The customer can pay in full within 25 days of the date of the statement or he can pay only the minimum repayment shown on the statement.4. Why are bank credit cards more versatile than store credit accounts? Because they also enable people to obtain cash.5. What is imposed indicating the maximumthat can be owing at any one time when a card is issued?When a card is issued a personal credit limit is imposed indicating the maximum that can be owing at any one time.Part 3 NewsNews Item 1Thousands of public workers have begun to demonstrate violently against a retirement reform plan passed by Brazilian lawmakers Wednesday.Demonstrators clashed with riot police in front of Congress after the chamber of deputies approved the measure. Brazilian media reports say at least 60 people were injured. Some demonstrators said the president had betrayed them by seeking approval of the measure in Congress. The measure is designed to cut retirement assistance, raise the retirement age of public workers and tax their retirement money. The government says the changes are necessary to save the government thousands of millions of dollars.Exercise A:This news item is about public workers’reaction to a retirement reform plan passed by Brazilian lawmakers.Exercise B:Thousands of public workers have begun to demonstrate violently against a retirement reform plan passed by Brazilian lawmakers Wednesday. Demonstrators clashed with riot police in front of Congress after the chamber of deputies approved the measure.Some demonstrators said the president had betrayed them by seeking approval of the measure in Congress. The measure is designed to cut retirement assistance, raise the retirement age of public workers and tax their retirement money.News Item 2According to a report to Congress, more than 4.5 million students endure sexual misconduct* by employees at their schools, from inappropriate jokes all the way to forced sex.The best estimate available shows nearly one in l0 kids faces misbehaviour ranging from unprofessional to criminal sometime between kindergarten and 12th grade.The report, delivered to Congress on Wednesday, is the first to analyze research about sexual misconduct at schools.Some educators took issue with the way the report combines sexual abuse with other behaviours such as inappropriate jokes, in one broad category of sexual misconduct.Exercise A:This news item is about prevalent sexual misconduct endured by students according to a report to Congress.Exercise B:1.B2. D3. C4. ANews Item 3The recession and the prospect of another strike in Hollywood could combine to make it a miserable New Year for the entertainment business. The global credit crunch is making it much more difficult for studios to get funding for big budget pictures. High earning actors are being askedto lower their expectations and accept more modest salaries.The Screen Actors Guild has said it will ballot its 120,000 members on a possible strike, although it needs a 75 per vote in favor before a walkout can be authorized by the union’s leaders.The mood of many is that now is not the time to rock the boat and that the fight over payments for work on the internet should wait until a later date.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the impact of recession on Hollywood. Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. F2. T3. T4. F5. T6. FSection Three Oral WorkRetellingTen-year-old Anja Lea did not want to wash the dishes. She and her mother were arguing. The mother was threatening her and bribing her. I asked Anja Lea how much she felt understood by her mother about why she did not want to do the washing up. Here is a copy of our dialogue.“Okay, so Mom wants you to do the dishes and you don’t want to. Plus Mom said she isn’t going to take you to school until you do them? Is that right so far?”“Yes.”“Okay, so you are probable feeling forced…?”“Yes.”“And threatened…?”“Yes.”“Okay. And how much do you feel understood by your mom? From0—10?”“Zero!”I then asked Anja Lea to explain why she didn’t want to do the dishes. The more she talked and the more I listened, the more she felt understood. Somewhere along the way, she started washing the dishes without any more arguments or protest! In a few minutes I asked her how much she felt understood by me. She said 8. I asked her what else she wanted me to understand. When she told me, I checked again to see how much she felt understood. This time it was a perfect 10 and the dishes were finished too!But this is not the end of this story. When she was in the car on the way to school Anja Lea voluntarily apologized to her mother for giving her such a hard time. The mother apologized in return, they both accepted the other’s apology and then shared a few tears and a loving hug.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPassage 1Parent-Teacher Associations6 million people in the United States belong to parent-teacher associations*, or PTA. PTA’s work is to help schools and students in their communities.Members give their time to serve on committees. They plan school projects and special activities, such as sales and other events to assist schools. Members also serve as activists for children’s issues* before government agencies and other organizations. There are national, state and local PTA organizations. PTA groups exist in the 50 American states and the District of Columbia. The PTA also operates in the United States Virgin Islands and in Department of Defense schools in the Pacific and Europe. These are schools for children of American military families. Three women are responsible for establishing the Parent-Teacher Association. Two of them, Alice McLellan Birney and Phoebe Apperson Hearst, established the Congress of Mothers in 1897. Both women lived in Washington, D.C.Alice Birney proposed the plan for the group in 1895. Two years later, she met Phoebe Hears who provided the money to start the organization. Later, fathers, educators and other interested citizens joined the group. It then changed its name to the National Congress of Parent-Teacher Associations.Selena Sloan Butler is considered the third founder of the PTA. Sheof Colored Parents and Teachers. In 1970, the congress united with the National PTA.The National PTA provides members with, among other things, information online about educational issues. It publishes a free newsletter called “This Week in Washington” on its website. It tells about developments that affect education.There are critics of the National PTA. In a recent book, education researcher Charlene Haar says the positions of the group mainly serve the interests of teachers unions. PTA spokeswoman Jenni Sopko says the group speaks for parents, students and teachers, and is not influenced by the unions. She also notes that other countries have used the PTA in the United Statesas an example to develop their own parent-teacher associations. Exercise A:1.What does PTA stand for?It stands for parent-teacher associations.2. What is PTA’s work?Its work is to help schools and students in their communities.3. How many people in the U.S. belong to PTA?Six million people in the United States belong to parent-teacher associations.4. What is Selena Sloan Butler’s achievement?Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers.5. With what can the National PTA provide its members?The National PTA can provide its members with information online about educational issues.Exercise B:1. The plan to establish PTA group was proposed in 1895by Alice Birney. Two years later, she met Phoebe Hearst who provided the money to start the organization. Later, fathers, educators and other interested citizens joined the group.2. Members of PTA’s should give their time to serve on committees. They plan school projects and special activities. Members also serve as activists for children’s issues before government agencies and other organizations.3. PTA groups exist in the 50 American states and the District of Columbia. The PTA also operates in Department of Defense schools in the Pacific and Europe. These are schools for children of American military families.4. The Nation PTA publishes a free newsletter called “This Week in Washington” on its website. It tells about developments that affect education.5. There are critics of the National PTA. An education researcherCharlene Haar says the positions of the group mainly serve the interests of teachers unions.Exercise C:Your opinionDirections: Listen to the passage again and give your opinion on the following topics.“PTA’s work is to help schools and students in their communities.”1. Is it necessary for schools in China to have PTA?2. What roles can PTA play at schools in China?3. If your parent is selected as the member of PTA. will you support him/her?Passage 2Your Legal Rights at the SalesJust who is doing the favour for whom in the sales? Are the shops really giving us shoppers a chance to buy bargains? Or are we just helping them to clear their shelves twice a year to make way for new lines* -- buyingup* the rubbish they would otherwise throw away?In most sales there is a bit of both. Some bargains are more genuine than others. Some priceclaims are true, while others are misleading or plainfalse.If the sale notice says “Coats -- reduced from £30 to £10” itshould,by law,be true.The rules are that, unless a shop says otherwise, the coats must have been on sale at the higher price for at least 28 consecutive day s in the previous six months. They can, however, get around it by saying “Last week £30. Now £10.”Be a bit suspiciousabout a ticket which just says “Sale price £5.”It may mean the goods are specially bought in for the sale and does not necessarily indicate any reduction.And there is nothing to prevent the shopkeeperboasting: “Worth £50, only £20” or even “Normally£300, only £150.”Another practice which is frownedupon, though not illegal, is an imprecise offer, like “Up to £l0 off latest models.”It gives no clear idea of how much you have to spend or exactly what you have to buy to benefit.If you see a price claim you do not believe or feel to be misleading, you can complain to the local Trading Standards Office -- the town hall will put you intouch.If you see a notice saying “No refunds on sales goods,”ignore it, but don’t forget it. It is illegal for shops to say this and you should report it to the Trading Standards Officer. He can order the signs to be removed.Sale or no sale, nothing can remove your right to your money back if thegoods are faulty. If on the other hand, you just change your mind about something you buy in the sale the shop does not have to give you anything back.Goods labelled “seconds” have their own peculiar problems. You cannot expect something described as “seconds” to be perfect in every way, but the shop has no right to sell you anything that is not fit for the purpose for which it was made.A “slightly imperfect”kettle should still boil water and you can demand your money back if it doesn’t. So take your spectacles with you and never be afraid to ask what is substandard about the thing you are about to buy.Exercise A:You have the right to know the true price. You have the right to know the quality of goods. Sale or no sale, nothing can remove your right to your money back if the goods are faulty.Exercise B:1.D2. D3. C4. A5. A6. D7. C8. BExercise C:1.In most sales, some bargains are more genuine than others and some price claims are true, while others are misleading or plain false.2.Because they want to make way for new lines..3.The shopkeeper’s boasting, like “Worth£50, only£20” or even “Normally £300, only £150”; and an imprecise offer, like “Up to £10 off latest models.”4. The shop has no right to sell you anything that is not fit for the purpose for whichit was made.5.When you just change your mind about the things you buy in the sale.21 / 21。
听力教程第二版施心远unit1答案
Driving Carefully
B: Complete the following outline. I. Look out for pedestrians A. Drive carefully at _c_r_ow__de_d__sh_o_p_p_in_g__st_re_e_t_s___. B. Drive carefully near a ___bu_s__st_o_p_______. C. Drive carefully near a _p_a_r_k_ed__m_o_b_il_e_s_h_o_p_____. II. Look out for the young, the old and the disabled A. _Th_r_e_e_o_u_t_o_f _fo_urpedestrians killed or seriously injured are
Driving Carefully
Focus 1. selecting key words 2. arranging notes in a logical way 3. writing as rapidly and neatly as possible
Driving Carefully
Notes van (van truck): a truck with an enclosed cargo space运货车，(载客的)面包车
Done
The place
√
The disco
The equipment √
The bar
√
The food
The invitations
To be done Relevant information
____Th_e_h_a_ll_h_as_b_e_e_n_hi_re_d_. ____
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Unit 1Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Phonetics-Stress, Intonation and Accent1. We haven’t got any in dark blue.2. We can’t make it at nine tomorrow.3. My telephone number is not 65031609.4. I don’t like the black jumper.5. He won’t come by the 7:30 train.(The word or digit in bold has the most stress)Exercise:1. a2. b3. a4. b5. bPart2 Listening and Note-talkingDriving CarefullyDrive carefully and slowly when pedestrians are about, particularly in crowded shopping streets, when you see a bus stopped, or near a parked mobile shop. Watch out for pedestrians coming from behind parked or stopped vehicles, or from other places where you might not be able to see them.Three out of four pedestrians killed or seriously injured areeither under fifteen or over sixty. The young and elderly may not judge speeds very well, and may step into the road when you do not expect them. Give them, and the infirm, or blind, or disabled people, plenty of time to cross the road.Drive slowly near schools, and look out for children getting on or off school buses. Stop when signalled to do so by a school crossingpatrol showing a Stop-Children sign. Be careful near a parked ice-cream van—children are more interested in ice-cream then in traffic.When coming to a zebra crossing. be ready to slow down or stop tolet people cross. You must give way once they have stepped onto a crossing. Signal to other drivers that you mean to slow down or stop. Give yourself more time to slow down or stop on wet or icy roads. Never overtake just before a zebra crossing.Exercise A:1. Drive carefully and slowly when pedestrians are about.2. Three out of four pedestrians killed are either under fifteen or over sixty.3. Be careful near a parked ice-cream van—children are more interested in ice-cream than in traffic.4. When coming to a zebra crossing, be ready to slow down or stopto let people cross.5. You must give way once they have stepped onto a crossing.Exercise B:Driving Carefully. Look out for pedestriansA. Drive carefully at crowded shopping streets.B. Drive carefully near a bus stop.C. Drive carefully near a parked mobile shop.. Look out for the young, the old and the disabledA. Three out of four pedestrians killed or seriously injured are either under fifteen or over sixty.B. The young and the elderly may not judge speeds very well.C. Give them, and the infirm, or blind, or disabled people, plenty of time to cross the road.. Look out for childrenA. Stop at a Stop—Children signB. Drive slowly near a parked ice-cream van. Coming to a zebra crossingA. Slow down or stop to let people cross.B. Signal to other drivers that you mean to slow down or stop.C. Never overtake just before a zebra crossing.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1 Making ArrangementsMum: Hello.Tessa: Hi, Mum. It’s me. How are you?Mum: Oh, I’m fine, Tessa. I except you’re phoning to find out how the arrangements for your party are going?Tessa: Yes. That’s right. You know, it’s really good of you and Dad to make all the arrangements while I’m away. I really don’t know what I’d do without you!Mum: Oh, there is not that much to do really. In fact, yourfather and I are quite enjoying itTessa: Good. So how are thing going?Mum: Well, let’s see. I’ve already hired the hall, so that’s OK.Tessa: Have you found anyone to do the disco yet?Mum: No, not yet, dear.Tessa: Well, do you think you could do that soon, Mum? It might not be easy. What about the equipment?Mum: Well, we’re having the sound system and records delivered by a local company next week.Tessa: Good. That should be all right. What about the bar?Mum: That’s all under control. We’re having the drinksdelivered next week.Tessa: Great! Have you organised the food? Are you cooking it?Mum: What, for 70 people? You must be joking! No, I think I’ll have it done by the caterers* in the village.Tessa: You’ll do that soon, won’t you? They’ll need a bit of notice.Mum: Mmm. Of course. Now, I had the invitations printed last week. The stationer’s did them, but I haven’t had time to send them yet…Tessa: Oh, Mum, but the party’s in ten days! Send them soon,will you, or we’ll have no guests!Mum: Yes, I’m sorry, dear. Look, I’ll phone everyone too. I’ve been so busy with all the arrangements…Exercise:Done To be done Relevant informationThe placeThe hall has been hired.The discoTo find someone to do it.The equipmentThe sound system and records will be delivered by a local company next week.The barThe drinks will be delivered next week.The foodTo have it done by the caterers in the village.The invitationsThey are printed and will be sent soon.Dialogue 2 Fast Food SurveyA: Excuse me, do you mind answering a few questions?B: No.A: Um firstly, do you ever eat fast food.B: Yes, yes, I do.A: What kind of fast food do you normally eat?B: Oh, er you know, burgers, sandwiches, well sometimes like a pizza or, you know, kebabs*.A: Oh, right. And how often do you eat fast food? Every day, more than once a week or less than once a week?B: Er, well Monday to Friday when I’m working er, yeah every day, um but not…not usually at the weekends.A: And what time of day do you eat fast food?B: Well, at work as I said, you know at lunchtime, um you know, I sort of go out and get a burger or sandwich. Sometimes, you know, if, if I’m going out and I’ve no time to cook in the evenings then I’ll,I’ll send out for a pizza.A: Oh, right. Do you only eat it as a main meal or do you snack between meals?B: No, only as a main meal, you know lunch or, or in the evening.A: And what do you think of fast food? Which statements do you think are true? Um, either“It’s convenient”B: Oh, definitely. I mean, that’s sort of the main reason that I eat it.A: Right. How about “It tastes good”?B: Yeah. Um, I mean, not as good as food like in a, in a good restaurant, but it’s not bad.A: “It’s good for you”?B: No. Sort of eating q uickly and standing up. It’s sort of bad for you. The food itself isn’t very good for you, you know there’s not enough greens, um you know, vegetables or salad.A: Mm. How about “It’s an expensive way of eating”? What do you think of that?B: Oh, yes i t is, er but you’re paying for the convenience, you know the speed of it. Er, well, I certainly think that it’s cheaper than you know cooking your own food.A: Er, and what about lastly “It creates litter.” Do you think that’s true?B: Yes, yes, it does. Only I, I always put mine in a you know in a litter bin, but er unfortunately a lot of people don’t, um but in the packaging there is a lot of paper involved and plastic and sometimes polystyrene*.Exercise A:How often do you eat fast food?Every day Every weekdays At the weekends OccasionallyAt what time of the day do you eat fast food?Breakfast Lunch Dinner Between mealsExercise B:It is convenient and fast, thought it doesn’t taste as good as food in good a restaurant. However it is bad to one’s health because there are not enough vegetables. It is also quite an expensive way of eating, but you’re paying for the convenience. And it creates litter because in the packaging there is a lot of paper, plastic and sometimes polystyrene involved.Part 2 PassagesPassage 1 SnackIt’s 3:15 in the afternoon and half the office just stepped out*for a coffee break. Your eyelids are starting to close and 7-11 is just around the corner. A soda or a bag of chips would be just the thing to perk you up*. So you, too, go out for an afternoon snack.Sometimes we eat simply because everyone else is doing it. Other times we eat when we feel tired, bored or depressed. Snacking for the wrong reasons can lead to overeating and unhealthy diet.Of course, there are times when our bodies really need extra energy. Here are four tips to keep your snacking on the right track.1. Know why you’re eating. Using food to change your feelings can be a dangerous habit. An order of French fries might distract* you from feeling sad for a while, but it’s only a temporary cure. Once the fries are gone, the problem is still there. If you’re feeling lonely, don’t reach into the refrigerator. Call a friend. If you’re feeling stressed, take a 10-minute walk.2. Find a healthy pick-me-up*. If you’re truly hungry, a healthy snack can give you the boost of energy you need. If you like fresh foods, bring a small bag of tomatoes or apples slices to work whit you. To tame your sweet tooth, try a handful of dried fruit. A serving of nuts can be a perfect pick-me-up. They have the right combination of nutrients to give you the energy you need. But wait until you’re hungry to find something to eat. Plan ahead and bring something healthy whit you.3. Eat just one serving. Don’t open up a whole box of crackers and start munching away. Instead, pull out just one serving and put away the box.4. Think of snacks as mini-meals. Eating small, healthy snack can keep you from stuffing yourself at the next meal. Instead of eating three big meals each day, split them into four or five mini-meals. You may actually eat less food overall.Use these tips to help you plan snacks ahead of time. The next time you have a snack attack, tame your hunger the healthy way.Exercise A:a soda or a bag of chips; a piece of cake; a sandwich; a small bag of tomatoes; a small bag of apple slices; a serving of nuts; a glass of low-fat-milk; a serving of crackers, etc.Exercise B:1. A2. D3. B4. C5. D6.B 7.C 8. AExercise C:1. A soda or a bag of chips would be just the thing to perk you up.2. Using food to change your feeling can be a dangerous habit.3. If you’re feeling lonely, don’t reach into the refrigerator. Call a friend.4. A serving of nuts can be a perfect pick- me-up.5. Eating small, healthy snacks can keep you from stuffing yourself at the next meal.Passage 2 Tips to Healthy Eating and Physical ActivityBreakfast fills your “empty tank”to get you going after a long night without food. And it can help you do better in school. Easy-to-prepare breakfasts include cold cereal with fruit and low-fat milk, whole-wheat toast with peanut butter, yogurt *with fruit, whole-grain waffles or even last night’s pizza!It’s easy to fit phy sical activities into your daily routine. Walk, bike or jog to see friends. Take a 10-minute activity break every hour while you read, do homework or watch TV. Climb stairs instead of taking an escalator or elevator. Try to do these things for a total of 30 minutes every day.Snacks are a great way to refuel. Choose snacks from different food groups—a glass of low-fat milk and a few graham* crackers, an apple or celery sticks with peanut butter and raisins*, or some dry cereal. Ifyou eat smart at other meals, cookies, chips and candy are OK for occasional snacking.Vigorous work-outs*—when you’re breathing hard and sweating—help your heart pump better, give you more energy and help you look and feel best. Start with a warm-up that stretches your muscles. Include 20 minutes of aerobic activity, such as running, jogging, or dancing.Follow up with activities that help make you stronger such as push-ups or lifting weights. Then cool down with more stretching and deep breathing.Being active is much more fun with friends or family. Encourage others to join you and plan one special physical activity event, like a bike ride or hiking, with a group each week.You don’t have to give up foods like hamburgers, French fries and ice cream to eat healthy. You just have to be smart about how often and how much of them you eat. Your body needs nutrients like protein*, carbohydrates*, fat and many different vitamins and minerals such as vitamins C and A, iron and calcium* from a variety of foods. Balancing food choices from the Food Guide Pyramid and checking out the Nutrition Facts panel on food labels will help you get all these nutrients.Eat more grains, fruits and vegetables. These foods give you carbohydrates for energy, plus vitamins, minerals and fiber. Besides, they taste good! Try breads such as whole-wheat, bagels* and pita*. Spaghetti and oatmeal are also in the grain group.Bananas, strawberries and melons are some great tasting fruits. Try vegetables raw, on a sandwich or salad.A healthy eating style is like a puzzle with many parts. Each part—or food—is different. Some foods may have more fat, sugar or salt while others may have more vitamins or fiber. There is a place for all these foods. What makes a diet good or bad is how foods fit together. Balancing your choices is important. Fit in a higher-fat food, like pepperoni* pizza, at dinner by choosing lower-fat foods at other meals.And don’t forget about moderation. If two pieces of pizza fill you up, you don’t need a third.Exercise A:People should eat natural foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers widely used in farming today. Eat more grain fruits and vegetables.To keep fit, you should do regular physical exercise every day, such as running, jogging, dancing or riding a bike, etc.Exercise B:1. B2. C3. D4. A5. A6.D 7. B 8. DExercise C:1. Breakfast fills your “empty tank” to get you going after a long night without food and it can help you do better in school.2. Walking, biking or jogging is easy to fit into your daily routine.3. You must be smart about how often and how much of them you eat.4. Grains, fruits and vegetables give you carbohydrates for energy, plus vitamins, minerals and fiber.5. To make a good diet you should fit foods together and balance your choices.Part 3 NewsNews Item 1In China the economy expanded at the rate of more than 9% between July and September. The government says China’s total output goods and services was 9.1% higher compared to the same period last year. The strong growth surprises most experts. They have expected expansion to slow earlier this year as the effects of disease SARS curbed* China’s transportation and travel industry. Experts now say they expect the economy to grow by 8.5% for all of this year. China has the worldfastest growing major economy.Exercise A:This news item is about the rapid growth of China’s economy.Exercise B:1. F2. F3. F4. TNews Item 2World Trade Organization ministers are meeting in Montreal*, Canada. The trade ministers have been debating the issue of reducing importtaxes and government aid for certain services, especially farming. Major agricultural exporters like the United States, Australia and Brazil want all import duties cut to an average of 25%. Importers such as the European Unions, Japan and some developing countries say import taxes should be cut by some reasonable percentage based on the country. TheUnited States and European Unions are under pressure to reach a farming agreement that other WTO members can support. The WTO is also divided on the issue of providing necessary drugs to poor countries.Exercise A:This news item is about a world trade organization meeting on reducing taxes and government aid for certain services.Exercise B:The trade ministers have been debating the issue of reducing import taxes and government aid for certain services, especially farming. Major agricultural exporters like the United States, Australia and Brazil want all import duties cut to an average of 25%. Importers such as the European Unions, Japan and some developing countries say import taxes should be cut by some reasonable percentage based on the country.News Item 3United Nation’s secretar y General Kofi Annan has sharplycriticized wealthy countries for their trade policy. His statements were read in a letter to delegates Wednesday at the World Trade Organization meeting in Cankon, Mexico. In the letter Mr Annan urged wealthy countries to lower trade barriers* and to approve new ways to develop the world for all countries. He said the delegates decision could make difference between life and death for millions of people. The meeting brings together representatives from almost 150 countries. The WTO delegates are expected to discuss agricultural, trade and other issues. The delegates hope the talk will lead to a trade agreement by the end of2004. Protestors have demonstrated around the world against the five-day meeting.Exercise A:This news item is about the WTO meeting being held in Mexico.Exercise B:Directions: Listen to the news item again and answer the questions.1. What has Mr Kofi Annan sharply criticized?Mr Kofi Annan has sharply criticized wealthy countries for their trade policy.2. What did Mr Annan urge in the letter to delegates of WTO meeting?In the letter Mr Annan urged wealthy countries to lower trade barriers and to approve new ways to develop the world for all countries.3. What are the WTO delegates expected to discuss?The WTO delegates are expected to discuss agricultural, trade and other issues.4. What do the delegates hope?The delegates hope the talk will lead to a trade agreement by the end of 2004.5. Are there any people who are against the meeting?Yes, protestors have demonstrated around the world against thefive-day meeting.Section Three Oral WorkHow long can anyone live in Germany without a purchase of either a cold stein *of beer or a clock? It didn’t take long for the beer, but my search for just the right clock took a few years.In my search I found a cuckoo clock, an old French Tic-Tac clock, and a gold time piece giving the precise time anywhere in the world. Than came the grandmother clock with the lovely crystal panes*—butstill no chiming grandfather clock.Suddenly I received a phone call from a friend. She knew a man whose mother had to move out of her home and furniture was being sold. She asked whether I was interested in a very old clock.I made the trip into the countryside and found a small German home with lovely flower gardens.The family greeted me as a long-lost friend. We had coffee and apple cakes and then we headed for the attic.I knew the minute I saw him—the old grandfather. Surely he would be expensive! I said, “Yes!”We returned to our coffee and I asked the big question. “How much?”I paid 45 German Marks in cash, one large can of peaches, a poundof coffee, and a box of Lipton Tea.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesAn estimated 135 million people have low vision.40 to 50 million others cannot see at all. Healthy experts warm that the number of blind people will increase sharply as the world population grows, and grows older. They say the number of blind people could almost double by 2020.Yet the World Healthy Organization says that in eight out of ten cases, blindness can be cured or avoided. October the ninth was World Sight Day. A campaign called vision 2020 released* materials to help government and health workers develop national plans to prevent blindness.Vision 2020 is a joint effort of the WHO and International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness. The goal is to end prevention blindness by 2020. The campaign targets four main causes.Cataracts cause the lens of the eye to become cloudy. In most of Africa and Asia, cataracts cause at least half the cases of blindness that can be cured. A simple operation can remove cataracts*.Trachoma* is an infectious disease spread person-to-person and by insects. Trachoma causes about 15 percent of all cases of blindness. Most of the cases are in Africa. The disease can be treated with antibiotic medicines and an operation to correct the damage.The disease known as river blindness is also found mostly in Africa. Flies spread the infection. A yearly treatment of the drug Mectizan can control the disease.Finally, a lack of vitamin A as a result of poor nutrition is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children.Vision 2020 says that every five seconds another person in theworld goes blind. Most blind people live in developing, nations. India has at least nine million. About six million are in China, and seven million in Africa. Officials estimate that the world economy loses about 28,000 million dollars each year from curable blindness.A resolution passed by the World Health Assembly in May urges all governments to develop national plans to prevent blindness.Exercise A:1. The world Sight Day is on October the ninth.2. The World Health Organization says in eight out of ten cases, blindness can be cured or avoided.3. A campaign called Vision 2020 aims at the prevention of blindness.4. The blindness that can be cured or avoided mostly occurs in developing nations.Exercise B:1. Name: CataractsTreatment: A simple operation can remove cataracts.2. Name: TrachomaTreatment: Antibiotic medicines and an operation can correct the damage.3. Name: River blindnessTreatment: The drug Mectizan can control the disease.4. Malnutrition leads to a lack of vitamin A.Treatment: Food and medicine with ample vitamin A can cure the disease.Exercise C:Your opinionDirections: Listen to the passage again and give your opinion on the following topics.“Most blind people live in developing nations. About six million are in China.”1. What part of area in China do you think most blind people live?2. What suggestions could you put forward to prevent blindness?Unit 2Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Phonetics-Stress, Intonation and Accent1. A: My brother is an accountant. He builds bridges. B: But engineers (↘) build bridges (↗).2. A: When are you going to New York? ;B: I' m flying ( ↗ ) at ten o'clock ( ↘).3.A: How long have you been able to speak French?B: I've been learning French (↗) for six years (↘), 4.A: When did you last see Mike?B: Tuesday (↘) was the last time I saw him (↗).5.A: Do I turn it on with this switch?B: Press the red one (↘) not the black one (↗). Exercise:1.a2.b3.b4.a5.a Part2 Listening and Note-takingRalph NaderRalph Nader is a man of few possessions. He owns very little and lives in a small apartment. He doesn't have a car or a TV set. Hedoesn't have many clothes and he doesn't care about money when he makesa lot of money, he gives it away. He doesn't smoke and he works from six in the morning until late at night, seven days a week: he is paying back to America his debt as a citizen.When he went to parties as a young man, people complained that all he talked about was the dangers of cars, and how bad car design caused the deaths of so many people each year. After he graduated from Harvard, he published an article entitled "Unsafe at Any Speed," which was abouta car called Corvair. Later, he made a big attack on the car industryand showed how many deaths in car accidents were because of badly-made cars. He said new laws were needed to make cars safer. In 1966, because of Nader's work, a law was passed to make car safer.After this success, Nader became interested in something very different. This was the quality of meat and the amount of meat that is put into foods like sausages and hamburgers. A year later, in 1967,again because of Nader's work, a law was passed to ensure that products like sausages and hamburgers contained the right amount of meat. In 1968, three more laws were passed because of Nader's efforts. The first was to ensure the safety of gas pipelines -- these are the pipes that take gas across the country from one town to another. The second was to protect people from radiation --that is, the dangerous radiation which may leak from nuclear sources. The third was to ensure the proper standard of poultry -- that is, the chicken and turkey meat.Ralph Nader, now one of the most influential people in the United States, has set a wonderful example of what determined men and women can do to improve the quality of life in their country.Exercise A:1. Ralph Nader is a man of few possessions.2. He is paying back to America his debt as a citizen.3. He said new laws were needed to make cars safer.4. A law was passed to ensure that products like sausages and hamburgers contained the right amount of meat.5. Ralph Nader has set a wonderful example of what determined men and women can do to improve the quality of life in their country.Exercise B:Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1Give Them Time to Get to Know YouFather: Well, whose fault do you think it is, then?Daughter: I don't know.Father: It couldn't be yours?Daughter: What? That I feel lonely because I haven't any friends there?Father: No, that you haven't got any friends.Daughter: But I've told you! They're not very friendly there. They never talk to me! They just leave me alone.Father: But why?Daughter: How should I know?Father: Isn't it possible it's because you're not very friendly towards them?Daughter: What do you mean?Father: Have you talked to them? Have you tried to make conversation?Daughter: I've told you! They're not interested in talking to me.Father: How do you know?Daughter: Because ... for example ... at lunch time, they all sit together in v groups!Father: Yes, but why don't you sit with one of the groups?Daughter: Don't be silly. I couldn't. It would be awful!Facher: why?Daughter: It just would. That's all.Father: How do you know?Daughter: I just do!Father: Well, you'll never make friends if you don't try, will you? I mean, you've got to meet them, too, at least half way.Daughter: It just wouldn't work!Father: You know what I think. I think you're just saying that because you're impatient.Daughter: Impatient? Me?Father: Yes, impatient. You always have been, ever since you were a child. If you don't get what you want immediately, you get depressed and you give up too easily!Daughter: Look, if you came with me some morning, you'd understand ...Father: You've only been there for four weeks. These things take time.Daughter: I know, but I still feel ...Father: Listen, give them time to get to know you ... and give yourself time get to know them, and things will change. Believe me!1.T2.T3.F4.T5.T 6 .TDialogue 2 GesturesNumber 1Woman: You know, a "nod" -- moving your head up and down -- means “yes” in most places, but not everywhere. D id you know that in Greece a nod means "no"?Man: It means "no" in Greece? I'm surprised.Number 2Man: I didn't know "raised eyebrows" means "yes" in Tonga. It means something very different in Peru.Woman: Yeah? What does it mean there?Man: Money. "Raised eyebrows" is a gesture for money in Peru.Woman: Hmm.Number 3Woman: Um, Alberto, you said that "tapping your head" means "I'm thinking" in Argentina.Man: That's right.Woman: You'd better be careful about using that gesture here in Canada. It means someone is crazy.Man: Oh, it means "crazy" in Canada? I didn't know that. I'll be careful.Number 4Man: You know, it's interesting that in the Netherlands, "tapping your elbow" means you can't depend on someone. In Colombia, they use the same gesture, but it has a different meaning.Woman: What does it mean in Colombia?Man: Well, it means someone is cheap. That person doesn't like to spend money.Woman: Oh.。