代词的分类及其用法

代词

一、代词概念

1、代词的定义：代替名词、数词、上下文的词句

例：一只狗it 一个人she / he

2、代词的分类

一) 人称代词二) 物主代词三) 反身代词四) 指示代词

五)疑问代词六) 连接代词七) 关系代词八) 不定代词

二、人称代词

1、人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时，用人称代词的宾格；

作主格时：她是一个很小心的出租车司机。

She is a careful taxi-driver.

作宾格时：他们都非常喜欢她。

They all like her very much.

2、人称代词作表语时用宾格，尤其在口语中；

谁敲门？Who is knocking at door?

是我。It's me.

3、it 的用法

a. 代替上文提到的东西

例：我的钢笔丢了，我找不到它。

My pen is missing. I cannot find it.

b. 代替事件和情况

例：杰克病了。你听人说起过吗？

Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?

c. 表示婴儿和未知的人

例：这个宝宝是男孩还是女孩？

Is it a boy or a girl? It is a boy.

d. 代替this, that

例：What is this? This / It is a guitar.

What is that? That / It is a computer.

e 表示时间和天气

例：今天天气很冷。It is very cold today.

明天是星期天。It is Sunday tomorrow.

f 表示地点和距离

例：北京离伦敦有多远？

How far is it from Beijing to London?

三、物主代词

1、物主代词的分类

形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词

2、形容词性物主代词

起到形容词作用，只能作定语

例：dictionary (字典) my dictionary

3、名词性物主代词

起到名词作用，作主语、表语、宾语和与"of"连用作定语；

表语例：这个小刀是我的。

The/ This knife is mine.

主语例：我们的教室在一楼，他们的教室在二楼。

Our classroom is on the 2rd floor.

Theirs is on the 3rd floor.

宾语例：你可以用我的钢笔，我用他的。

You may use my pen, I will use his.

定语例：他是我的一位朋友。

He is a friend of mine.

4、考点：用"the"代替物主代词；

例：他打了她的头。

He hit her on the head.

士兵腿部受了伤。

The soldier was hurt in the leg.

5、英语中，类似于“我的”“你的”词语不能省略；

例：请帮我学英语。

Please help me with my English.

别把手揣在兜儿里。

Don't put your hands in your pocket.

四、反身代词

反身代词的非强调用法

1、反身代词一般作宾语；作动词的宾语，表示一个及物动词的动作重新又回到动作者

本身；

位置在动词后。

例：一只蜡烛照亮了别人，损耗了自己。

A candle lights others and consumes itself.

宽以待人，严于律己。

Forgive others but not yourself.

2、反身代词的分类：

第一人称myself ourselves

第二人称yourself yourselves

第三人称himself /herself/ itself themselves

不定人称oneself one selves

3、有些固定的动词后加反身代词，其后的宾语补语表示主语突然不自觉的或被动的动作或状态。比如在find（找到）/ here（听到）/ catch （抓住）等动词。

例：自信是走向成功的第一步。

Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.

这部小说对向我这样的初学者来说，太难了。

The novel is too difficult for beginners like myself / me.

4、介词＋反身代词

1)by oneself 独自

例：He lives by himself.

He did it by himself.

Press the button and door opens by itself.

2)of oneself 自动的

例：Success will not come of itself to knock at your door.

The door opened of itself

3)for oneself 独自

例：If you don't believe me, you go there and see for yourself.

His son is old enough to do it for himself.

4) in oneself 本身

例：You'd better asked patient in herself about her trouble.

The invitation is in itself friendship step.

5) beside oneself 欣喜若狂，高度兴奋

例：He was beside himself with joy.

6) between ourselves 两者之间

例：The matter is between ourselves.

among oneself 三者之间

例：They divided the apples among themselves

反身代词的强调用法

一般作名词或代词的同位语；

1、位置可置于名词之后，句首、句尾用来加强语气。

例：The president himself will chair the meeting.

The president will chair the meeting himself.

I myself can't come, but I will ask someone to help.

We ourselves will build our college.

2、可以将very own real等强调词插入反身代词中间，强调该反身代词。

例：I will go there my own self.

It is her very self you saw.