毕业设计---某18层商住楼建筑给排水(含外文翻译)

前言
如今，我国国民经济实力的不断增强，建筑业的迅速发展，建筑物的总体建设水平不断提高。

建筑内部的给水排水工程是建筑设备中的重要组成部分，其技术水平及先进性直接影响建筑物的使用功能，与人们生活，环境，安全息息相关，涉及到千家万户，与社会的环境保护，水资源的合理利用，可持续性发展紧密相连。

建筑给水排水工程发展迅速，在理论和实践上都将不断地完善和发展，对建筑给水排水专业的人员，在数量和质量上都提出了更高的要求，应具有更先进的设计理念和更高的设计水平，不断引进先进技术，要切实把理论和实践相结合。

为了巩固和掌握建筑给水排水工程的理论知识和实践能力，本次毕业设计的是深圳市某高层建筑给水排水系统。

其中包括建筑给水系统，建筑排水系统，建筑消防系统的设计。

只有用科学的方法和实践的结合，才能保证给水排水的系统的安全可靠运行，保证用户的用水需求，又可以最大限度的降低建设投资和运行成本。

在平时的学习中已经积累了一定的理论基础知识，再加上这次的建筑给水排水工程的设计实践，又加深了对理论基础知识的理解和系统化，更锻炼了动手能力，也为以后的设计奠定了坚实的基础。

只有把理论和实践相结合才能发现问题，解决问题，加深记忆。

在这次设计中参考了大量书目，其中主要参考书目附于其后。

由于高层建筑给水排水系统涉及内容和知识领域广泛，加之本人缺乏实际的工程经验，在设计中难免出现一些不太合理之处，恳请各位老师提出宝贵意见。

李小龙
2012.6
摘要
在综合对比分析的基础上，设计了深圳某高层商住楼建筑给水系统、建筑排水系统、建筑消防系统（消火栓给水系统及自动喷水灭火系统）、建筑屋面雨水排水系统设计。

给水系统采用分区供水，低区一到六层，由市政管网直接供水；中区七到十二层，高区十三到十八层，均采用无负压变频供水。

排水系统采用污、废水合流制，底层单独排放，排水立管设伸顶通气管，污水直接排向市政污水管网。

消防系统分消火栓给水系统和自动喷水灭火系统，其中消火栓系统采用水泵供水。

屋面雨水排水系统采用檐沟外排水。

给水管采用PP-R管；排水管采用铸铁管；消防系统均采用钢管。

关键词：高层建筑；给水系统；排水系统；消防系统
The Design of Building Water and Wastewater Engineering for the
Eighth Building of Shanghai
ABSTRACT
Based on the synthesis analysis,the water supply system, the drainage system, fire system(fire hydrant system and automatic sprinkler system) and roof drainage system for the eighth high complex building of Shanghai are designed.
The water supply system is applied by vertical division block. The floors from the first to the six are the low areas, water of which is supplied directly by the municipal pipe network. The floors from the seven to the 12th are the Central areas and from the 13th to the 18th are the high areas, water of which are supplied with the frequency conversion pump group. The drainage system is an interflow system of sewerage and waste water. Water of the first floor drains separately, the upright draining pipes are equipped with the ventilating pipes, and then the sewerage is drains to the municipal waste pipe network. The fire system includes the fire hydrant system and automatic sprinkler system. The roof drainage system is an outside drainage system.
The water supply pipes and drainage pipes are made of the PP- R pipes and the PVC-U pipes respectively, and the material of the fire fighting system is made of steel pipes.
Key Words: high building；water supply system；wastewater system；fire system
目录
摘要·························································································ABSTRACT ·················································································第一章.引言
1.1国内外高层建筑给水排水工程设计研究的状况和主要内容··································1.2国内外高层建筑给水排水工程设计研究的状况和主要内容··································1.
2.1高层建筑给水排水工程设计方法 ·······························································1.2.2高层建筑给水排水设计的主要内容 ····························································第二章.工程概况及设计任务
2.1工程概况 ·································································································2.2设计资料··································································································2.2.1 建筑设计资料·······················································································2.2.2 城市给水排水设计资料···········································································2.3工程设计任务 ···························································································第三章.建筑给水系统
3.1给水系统方案的确定 ··················································································3.2给水管网水力计算 ·····················································································3.2.1设计秒流量 ··························································································3.2.2中高区给水管网水力计算 ········································································3.2.3低区给水管网水力计算 ···········································································3.2.4 水表水头损失计算·················································································
3.3设备的计算与选择 ·····················································································3.4管材 ·······································································································第四章.建筑消防水系统
4.1消防给水系统方案的确定 ············································································4.2室内消火栓给水系统··················································································4.2.1消火栓的布置 ·······················································································4.2.2消火栓口所需的水压 ··············································································4.2.3校核····································································································4.2.4水力计算 ·····························································································4.2.5其他设施的设计 ····················································································4.3自动喷水灭火系统 ·····················································································4.3.1自喷系统的布置 ····················································································4.3.2自喷系统水力计算 ·················································································4.3.3消防水池容积的计算 ··············································································4.4室外消防给水系统 ·····················································································4.4.1 室外消防给水管网·················································································4.4.2 室外消火栓··························································································4.5管材 ·······································································································第五章. 建筑排水系统
5.1排水方案 ·································································································5.2排水管道水力计算 ·····················································································5.2.1 排水设计秒流量····················································································5.2.2 排水管网的水力计算··············································································
5.3管材 ·······································································································5.4消防电梯井底排水 ·····················································································第六章.建筑雨水排水系统
6.1建筑雨水的排放方式··················································································6.2管道的布置与敷设 ·····················································································6.3雨水系统的水力计算··················································································6.3.1雨水流量 ·····························································································6.3.2 溢流口计算··························································································结论·························································································参考文献 ····················································································外文翻译及原文 ···········································································谢辞……………………………………………………………………………….
第一章.引言
本次设计的目的是充分利用所学的现有的知识，完成高层建筑给水排水工程的设计。

此次设计基本上实现了我们从理论知识向实际工程设计的转变，充分的把理论知识应用到实际的工程当中，并对设计的方案、内容加以有针对性地、有说服力地论证，从而实现设计工程的可行性。

本次设计在选题的过程中，考虑到地区性、建筑性质，选用高层建筑，建筑类别相对高级，进行建筑给水排水工程的设计，满足人们的生活需要，并且使人们得到舒适、便利生活环境。

设计的大体内容是：建筑给水工程、排水工程和消防工程，设计的意义在于满足人们生活用水的同时，要满足室内的消防用水，保证人们居住的安全性。

设计的依据为相关书籍和设计手册、规范。

在设计中，大都按照常规方法，严格依据设计规范来进行，建筑给水排水系统及卫生设备要相对完善，在技术上要保持先进的水平，在计算的过程中，尽量使用符合经济流速的管径,以便降低成本，同时要考虑水的漏失、压力情况来选择管材和一些连接管件，以便在水从市政管网输送到建筑内用户的过程中，水的漏失量最少，节约水资源。

1.1国内外高层建筑给水排水工程设计研究的状况和主要内容
高层建筑给水排水工程与一般多层建筑和低层建筑给水排水工程相比，基本理论和计算方法在某些方面是相同的，但因高层建筑层数多、建筑高度大、建筑功能广、建筑结构复杂，以及所受外界条件的限制等，高层建筑给水排水工程无论是在技术深度上，还是广度上，都超过了低层建筑物的给水排水工程的范畴，并且有以下一些特点高层建筑给水排水设备的使用人数多，瞬时的给水量和排水流量靠的水源，以及经济合理的给水排水系统形式，并妥善处理排水管道的通气问题，以保证供水安全可靠、排水通畅和维护管理方便。

下面就高层建筑给水排水工程的主要特点介绍如下：
⑴高层建筑层数多、高度大。

给水系统及热水系统中的静水压力很大，为保证管道及配件免受破坏，必须对给水系统和热水系统进行合理的竖向分区，加设减压设备以及中间和屋顶水箱，使系统运行完好。

⑵高层建筑的功能复杂，失火可能性大，失火后蔓延迅速，人员疏散及扑救困难。

为此，必须设置安全可靠的室内消防给水系统，满足各类消防的要求，而且消防给水的
设计应“立足自救”，方可保证及时扑灭火灾，防止重大事故发生。

⑶高层建筑对防噪声、防震等要求较高，但室内管道及设备种类繁多、管线长、噪声源和震源多，必须考虑管道的防震、防沉降、防噪声、防水锤、防管道伸缩变位、防压力过高等措施。

以保证管道不漏水，不损坏建筑结构及装饰，不影响周围环境，使系统安全运行。

1.2国内外高层建筑给水排水工程设计研究的状况和主要内容
1.2.1高层建筑给水排水工程设计方法
近年来，随着高层建筑业的快速发展，建筑给水排水工程设计方法也有了不少的改进和更新。

⑴高层建筑生活给水
首先，对适用于高层建筑的生活给水设计秒流量计算方法的研究，一直不断地在进行。

经验法，概率法，平方根法等计算方法不断地被修正和改进。

用科学的概率法取代现在仍在使用的平方根法，研究人员在此方面进行了不少尝试。

其次，变频恒压调速供水技术日益成熟，加上减压阀的使用，改善了原来高层建筑“水箱一水泵联合供水”和“水箱减压”方法中出现的“水质二次污染”和“水箱占用大量建筑面积”的状况，同时也达到了节能效果。

再次，在贮水方面，合建水箱的设计方式己越来越少的被采用，取而代之的是生活水池与消防水池分建的设计方式，其中，生活水池也大多倾向于采用不锈钢板等组合式水箱。

⑵高层建筑消防给水
首先，因为高层建筑的消防特点是“立足于自救”，因而自动喷水灭火系统的设计更加受到重视，新的《自动喷水灭火系统设计规范》己于2001年7月颁布执行。

新的规范对设置场所危险等级、设计基本参数、管道水力计算等方面都作出了一些调整。

这些调整都是注入了广大设计人员近年来工作研究实践得出的宝贵经验，以及借签了国外工程设计经验的结果。

其次，消火栓给水系统也在变频分级供水方面进行的有益的尝试和应用。

另外，为保障高层建筑火灾初期消防水压及水量而设计的稳高压系统，先从深圳地区得到应用，然后逐步在各地推广开来，其计算及设计手段逐渐成熟，乃至有人建议将稳高压消防给水系统单独列入《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》以区别原有的常高压消防给水系统和临。