英语专业四级虚拟式语气讲解

• It is time we went to bed. • It is time we had dinner. • It is about time you made up your mind. • It is high time you lent her a hand.
• I’m told they are going by bus, but I would rather they went by train. • She will get home at dinner time, but I would rather she got home a little earlier. • He didn’t attend the meeting. I would rather he had been present.
• 11. If only“要是…多好啊”相当于wish,其后动词使用 一般过去时或过去完成时分别表示对现在或对过去的 虚拟。 • 12.would rather或would sooner后跟宾语从句，该从 句的的主语和主句的主语不是同一个（些）人时，从 句中使用过去或过去完成时分别表示对现在或过去的 虚拟，意为“宁愿某人做某事”
虚拟式
概述
* 虚拟式（Subjunctive Mood）,作为专 门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的从 此形式，仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。 它仅有两个形式，即be-型虚拟式 （BE-Subjunctive）和were-型虚拟式 （WERE-Subjunctive）。
16.1 be- 型虚拟式
• 用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语 之后的that-分句中 • 用于由if，though等引导的分句中 • 用于某些公式化语句中
• B. 用在advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper等 形容词之后的that-分句中。 • eg. It is necessary that he come back without delay • It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.
• C. 用在decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution 等名词之后的that-分句中。 • eg. We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. • Their decision was that the school remain closed.
• Be- 型虚拟式能用于由if, though, whatever, lest, so long as 等引导的分 句中表示推测、让步、防备等含义。 • eg. If he be found guilty, John shall have the right of appeal. • Though everyone desert you, I will not.
• 用于if, though, whatever, lest, so long as等引导的 分句中表示推测、让步、防备等意义。例如： • If he be found guilty, John shall have the right of appeal. • If the rumor be true, everything is possible. • Though everyone desert you, I will not.
• A. 用在decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote等动词之后 的that-分句中。 • eg. He ordered that all the books be sent at once. • She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.
Lest, in case, for fear that, in order that, so that引出的 虚拟
• Lest, in case, for fear that, in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句时， 也常用虚拟语气，意为“以防，唯恐， 免得”，其后的从句谓语用should do的 形式，should可以省略。另外，in order that 和so that引导的目的状语从 句中，也可以使用虚拟语气。
• • • •
If only I knew her address. If only I had enough money with me. If only I had gone by taxi. If only he had remembered to buy some fruit.
• He behaves as if he owned this place. • He ordered me about as if he were my boss. • We remember the accident vividly as if it happened only yesterday. • She looked as if she had had some bad news.
• 13.虚拟语气在in case, for fear that, lest等引导的目的状语从句中，意为 “以免”，从句要使用“（should） + 动词原形” • 14.在 “it is (high) time that”结构中， 从句使用一般过去式，表示虚拟，意为 “早该…..了”
Be-型虚拟式
• Were-型虚拟式常用于wish, would rather, suppose, imagine 之后的that分句中，表示一种臆想的（通常是不可 能发生的）情况。 • Eg. I wish I remembered the address. • I would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too).
• But for your help, I couldn’t have achieved anything. • Anyone who should violate the law would be punished. • In different circumstances, I might have agreed. • To look at him, you would think him a young man.
• Be-型虚拟式用于某些公式化语句中可表 示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。 • eg. Long live the People’s Republic of China! • God bless you! • God damn you! • Devil take him!
16.2 were-型虚拟式
Except, hope, intend, mean, think等词用过去完成时的虚 拟
• 这些词表示“意图”或“打算”含义的 词语用过去完成时可以表示未能实现的 希望、愿望等。I had intended to make a cake, but I ran out of time. 另 外，would have liked to do也可以表达 此含义，意为“本想要”。
• 61. It’s getting late. I’d rather you _____ now. • A) left B) leave C) are leaving • D) will leave • (2011年)
由某些连词、介词或介词短语 引出的虚拟语气
• （1）有明显表示假设的连词、介词：but for, but that, on condition that, supposing, provided, providing, unless, without, whether等 • （2）otherwise, with(如果有了）,without （要是没有） • （3）介词短语，如in the past（要是在以 往），in sb’s position（如果处在某人的位 置），under…（要是在…..情况下）等都表示 隐含的虚拟。用法和if 引导的虚拟条件句一样。
• I wish that I didn’t have to go to work today. • I wish that I were a bit taller. • I wish you were coming with me, Peter. • I wish I hadn’t said that.
• That she should forget me so quickly was rather a shock. • There is not the remotest possibility of anyone’s calling upon me, and that I should call upon anyone else is thing undreamt of. • Oh that I could see him again. (I wish)
• 用于某些状语分句中 • 用于某些名词性分句中
• Were-型虚拟式常用于由if, if only, as if, as though, though 引导的条件状语和让步状语 分句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。 • Eg. If I were you, I should wait till next week. • He behaves as though he were better than us.
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用情态助动词过去时形式表示假设意 义最常见于条件句（Conditional）和 含蓄条件句（Implied Conditional）以 及某些特定的语境。 1. 由于条件句： 2. 由于含蓄条件句： 3. 由于其他语境：
• If I were you, I would not miss this opportunity. • If you should change your mine, do let me know. • If it had not been for me, you would not be free now. • If he had brought a map with him, he wouldn’t have got lost.Biblioteka 16.3 假设意义表示法综述
• 用动词的过去时形式表示假设意义
• 用情态助动词过去时形式表示假设 意义
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
用动词的过去时形式表示假设意义常见于以 下结构： It is time (that)... I would rather/ sooner (that) you/ he/ they... If only... He behaves as if / as though... I wish (that)...
• We were afraid he (should) get here too late. • He look the raincoat with him in case it (should) rain. • He closed the window so that the noise outside (should) not interrupt his daughter.