四级虚拟语气详解
英语四级考试中的虚拟语气
英语四级考试中的虚拟语气英语四级考试中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法是一个常见的考点，我们着重讲一下宾语从句常使用虚拟语气的几类特殊动词，以及这些动词的用法、构成虚拟语气的用法等。
下面是店铺为大家带来的英语四级考试中的虚拟语气，欢迎阅读。
一、何谓虚拟?在英语中，语气(mood)和时态，语态一样，都是谓语动词的一种形式。
表明说话的目的和意图，虚拟语气即表示说话人主观愿望或纯假设情况，动词需用特殊形式。
例如If I were a boy。
其中谓语动词用were，而不是am, shall, was, have等，是因为说话人为女士，而“我是男人”仅是其假设的语气，故用了一个在现实情况中绝不可能用到的were来表达这一虚拟的情况。
通过在I的后面加were这一词，能得知这是虚拟假设出来的情况。
常见的虚拟有两种：1. 表示非真实假设情况：If If I had left sooner, I could have caught the train。
如果早点出发，我就能赶上火车了。
(但我事实上已经错过了，对过去的假设虚拟)He talks so loud as if I were deaf。
他说话声太响，就像我聋了一样。
(但事实我没聋，对现在的假设虚拟)这种情况虚拟时，只需将谓语动词变本身的时态再变过去。
第一句话中的虚拟，本身为过去时，因此再变过去，即过去完成时。
left变为had left, could catch变为could have caught。
第二句话中，as if I am deaf，需要对现在假设，因此变为as if I were a deaf。
(不用I was deaf，避免与真实情况过去式混淆)类似表示非真实情况的`词还有wish希望， suppose假设， would rather宁愿， but for要不是等。
2. 表示建议、命令、要求等主观意愿：He suggested that a petition (should) be drawn up。
虚拟语气四级讲解
Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气)I 、In Conditional Sentences (用于条件句中)II 、In the That-Clauses (用于that 从句中)III 、In the Clauses and Constructions (用于从句和结构中)I. In Conditional Sentences (用于条件句中)或could ，第一人称还 可用should ，但美国英语都用would 。
如果条件句的谓语中含有were, had 或should 时，有时可省略if 而用把were, had 或 should 放到主语之前的倒装句。
现分别举例如下：1. 与现在事实相反 If I knew French, I would read the book in the original. If I were (Were I) in your position I would tell her the truth.2. 与过去事实相反 If you had (Had you) come a few minutes earlier, you would have caught the train.3. 与将来事实相反或表示推测 If he came tomorrow, I might have time to see him. If it were (Were it) to rain next Sunday, the match would be postponed . If we should (Should we) fail again, we wouldn't lose courage.虚拟语气（一）-- 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目几乎是四、六级必考的内容，也是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
英语四级涉及的虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气虚拟语气在考试中比较常见。
尤其是在听力中经常出现。
它主要是表达一种“假设”或者“推测”，而不是客观显示中的真实事件。
因为主要通过动词的变化来反应不同的情况，所以如果不熟悉虚拟语气的基本表示方法，会直接影响听力。
同时翻译中也经常使用。
如果想得高分，要学好这个语法点，争取在翻译部分多拿点分：基本规则：与现在事实相反：If I were you , I would apply for the job.与过去事实相反：If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made such mistake.与将来事实相反：If it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home.真题翻译示例：例1：They requested that _______(我借的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.1. 动词request引导的从句应用虚拟语气2. 虚拟语气的表达方式：should+动词原形，此题则为：should return3. 按句意顺序译，得出答案：I should return the book to library例2：The victim ________(本来有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.1. 一看句意有“本来”，十之八九为虚拟语气2. 二看时态推后了，本该过去时，却用过去完成时，因此一定考虚拟3.按句意译为：would have a chance to survive哪些动词及其与他们相关的名词，从句需虚拟语气？一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. ask. insist)，另加一个wish实战练习：1. It is strange that he _________ so.A. would sayB. would speakC. should sayD. will speak2. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _________ there.A. not wentB. won’t goC. not goD. not to go3. I wish that I _________ with you last night.A. wentB. could goC. have goneD. could have gone4. If you had told me in advance, I _________ him at the airport.A. would meetB. would had metC. would have metD. would have meet5. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _________ me how.A. teachesB. will teachC. has taughtD. would teach6. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _________ the book from which it was made.A. have readB. had readC. should have readD. are reading7. You are late. If you _________ a few minutes earlier, you _________ him.A. come; would meetB. had come; would have metC. come; will meetD. had come; would meet8. If she could sew, _________.A. she make a dressB. she would have made a shirtC. she will make a shirtD. she would had made a coat9. If I _________ you, I _________ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall payB. am; will payC. would be; would payD. were; would pay10. Had I known her name, _________A. or does she know mine?B. and where does she live?C. she would be beautiful.D. I would have invited her to lunch.答案及解析：1. C2. C3. D4. C5. D6. B7.B8. B9.D 10. D1. It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。
英语四级语法 虚拟语气
虚拟语气一．一般虚拟条件句(1) 与现在事实相反——If I were you, I wouldn’t worry.——If I had the book at hand, I would read the passage to you.那么，虚拟语气现在时的句型为：从句：If + 主语＋动词过去式(be 变were) +…主句：主语＋would (should ,could ,might ) + 动词原形＋…(2) 与过去事实相反——If you had gone to last night’s games, you would have met him.——If the policeman had arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident.那么，虚拟语气过去时的结构是：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时…主句：主语＋should (或would,could,might) + 现在完成时…(3) 与将来事实相反——If he should come tomorrow, I would give him the dictionary he needs.——If Mr. Li were to do the experiment tomorrow, he might read the instructions carefully.那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是：从句：If+主语＋should (或were to )+动词原形＋…主句：同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构。
练习：1.I f this report were more accurate, it __________ an invaluable document.A.wereB.had beenC.will beD.would be(D)2.I _______ in trouble if the police had stopped me.A.wereB.would have beenC.would beD.had been(B)3.W hat would you do if war _________ out.A.breaksB.could breakC.had broken outD. were to break(D)二、在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should，可省去if,将were, had, should提到主语前，形成倒装。
英语四级之虚拟语气(朱菁)
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2.【虚拟语气用于倒装句】 形 式 从 句 Were + 主语 + 名词/形容词 Had + 主语 + 过去分词 Should + 主语 + 动词原形 主 句
If 的省略
1. Were I young, I would learn English. 我如果年轻，会去学英语.
例 2. Had he studied harder, he would have passed the exams. 句 他如果再努力一些的话，是可以通过这些考试的。
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5. 【虚拟语气用于 it is time 后的定语从句】
主 句 It is (was) high/about time 从 句 (that) + 主语 + 过去式 (be 用 were)
1. It is high time that children went to school. 孩子们该上学去了。 2. It‘s already 5 o’clock now. Don‘t you think it’s about time we went home? 现在已经5点钟了。你不觉得差不多是我们回家 例 句 的时间了吗？ 3. It’s already 5 o’ clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time we went home？ 现在已经5点了， 难道你不认为我们该回家了？
例 句
2. I do wish I were a boy. 我真希望我是个男孩. 3.We suggested that the meeting (should ) not be postponed. 我们建议不要推迟这个会议。
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四级语法真题解析虚拟语气解析
四级语法真题解析虚拟语气解析四级语法真题解析——虚拟语气解析在四级英语考试中，语法是一个重要的考点，而虚拟语气作为其中的一部分，往往会引起考生的困扰。
本篇文章将从真题解析的角度，重点讲解四级考试中常见的虚拟语气用法和解题技巧。
1. 引导条件状语从句的虚拟语气在各类真题中，虚拟语气通常用于条件句中。
在条件句中，如果假设的条件与事实相反或者不可能实现，就要使用虚拟语气来表达。
例如，2019年6月份四级阅读真题中的一道题目是："If you had learned to play a musical instrument as a child, you _____ playing one now."A. might have enjoyedB. might enjoyC. must have enjoyedD. would enjoy这道题目考察的就是过去的虚拟语气。
根据题意可知，主句中使用的是过去完成时态，在此基础上，我们需要使用与过去相反的虚拟语气形式。
因此，在条件从句中使用过去完成时态的虚拟语气，答案选项为A，即"If you had learned to play a musical instrument as a child, you might have enjoyed playing one now."2. 引导宾语从句的虚拟语气在四级考试中，虚拟语气有时也会用于宾语从句中。
特别是在一些形容情感、命令、建议等动词后面的宾语从句中，常见虚拟语气的运用。
例如，2019年12月份四级阅读真题中的一道题目是："He recommended that the patient _____."A. sees a specialistB. will see a specialistC. saw a specialistD. see a specialist根据题目可知，主句中使用了虚拟语气动词"recommended"，因此在宾语从句中需要使用虚拟语气形式。
英语四级高级语法讲解：虚拟语气
英语四级高级语法讲解：虚拟语气虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设，或难以实现的情况，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反。
下面是作者整理的英语四级高级语法讲解：虚拟语气，欢迎大家阅读学习。
引导的虚拟语气2.倒装形式Were I you(=if I were you),I would get up early in the morning.Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday(=If you had arrived…),you could have caught the train.Should it rain(=If it should rain),the crops would be saved.It is time that ...Would rather that.....(1)I would rather he came tomorrow than today.(2)John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.(3)I would rather everything hadn t happened in the past.“It is(was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气is necessary that we(should 可省略,下同)have a walk now.was necessary that we(should) make everything ready ahead of time.is required that nobody(should) smoke here.is important that every pupil(should) be able to understand the rule of school.练习’ll be busy this he ___ free,he ___ to the cinema with you.to be; might go going to be; will gobe; might have gone ; will goEdison died,it was proposed that the American people _____ all power in their homes,streets,and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.off offturn off turned offI known her name,_____.does she know mine? where does she live?would have invited her to lunch would be beautiful’d rather you ______ by train,because I cant bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.go gogonevictim ________(本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.would have a chance to survive(翻译)professor required that ________(我们交研究报告)。
4级翻译虚拟语气讲解精选+习题
4级翻译虚拟语气讲解精选+习题高中语法项目------虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood 一：分类1在英语中有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气2 虚拟语气表示说话的人的一种愿望、意见、命令、要求，有时候是一种非真实的假设、料想或者是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。
二、形式虚拟语气经常用在if引导的条件状语从句中，在条件句中做出和事实不相符的一种假设。
a.和现在事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+动词过去式+其它(be动词用were) 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形+其它如：If I were you, I would study hard. If he had enough money, he would buy a computer.b.和过去事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+had done+其它主语+had been done+其它主语+would/should/could/might +have done主语+would/should/could/might +have been done(被动)如：If you had come five minutes earlier, you would have met him.If they had been treated in time, they would not have died.c.和将来事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+were to do+其它主语+动词过去式+其它主语+should+动词原形+其它主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形如：If I were to do it, I would do it in another day.If it rained tomorrow, we wouldn’t be able to go on picnic.d.混合条件句混合条件句是指条件句是对过去事实相反的假设，而主句则表示现在的某种情况。
英语专业四级虚拟式语气讲解
• It is time we went to bed. • It is time we had dinner. • It is about time you made up your mind. • It is high time you lent her a hand.
• I’m told they are going by bus, but I would rather they went by train. • She will get home at dinner time, but I would rather she got home a little earlier. • He didn’t attend the meeting. I would rather he had been present.
• 11. If only“要是…多好啊”相当于wish,其后动词使用 一般过去时或过去完成时分别表示对现在或对过去的 虚拟。 • 12.would rather或would sooner后跟宾语从句，该从 句的的主语和主句的主语不是同一个（些）人时，从 句中使用过去或过去完成时分别表示对现在或过去的 虚拟，意为“宁愿某人做某事”
虚拟式
概述
* 虚拟式（Subjunctive Mood）,作为专 门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的从 此形式，仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。 它仅有两个形式，即be-型虚拟式 （BE-Subjunctive）和were-型虚拟式 （WERE-Subjunctive）。
16.1 be- 型虚拟式
• 用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语 之后的that-分句中 • 用于由if，though等引导的分句中 • 用于某些公式化语句中
• B. 用在advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper等 形容词之后的that-分句中。 • eg. It is necessary that he come back without delay • It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.
四级翻译句型精讲--虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气
2.The King ordered that the man be released . 国王命令释放那个人。
一、虚拟语气
6.用于“It is /was +adj+that (clause) +(should)+verb 形容词有 advisable , appropriate , desirable , essential , imperative(紧要的, 必要的),important , proper, vital等。
句型练习
1.但愿我年轻10岁。 2.我要是有更多时间思考这个问题就好了。 3.我希望你闭上嘴。
1.I wish I were ten years yonger . 2.If only I had more time to think about it. 3.I wish you should shup up.
句型练 soup would taste better if it had more salt in it. 2.I should be a bit more careful if I were you. 3.If I had not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed. 4.If it had not been for your help , he would not have succeeded. 5.If you should change your mind , no one would blame you. 6.If your father knew this tomorrow, he would be angry.
四六级考试虚拟语气详解
四六级考试虚拟语气详解第一部分：语气的定义和种类1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?③How good a teach er she is!她是多好的一位老师啊!⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I co uld pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功!虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。
让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。
如：⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运!⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐!⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
四级文法知识点中哪些最容易忽视
四级文法知识点中哪些最容易忽视在大学英语四级考试中，文法知识点众多，有些被我们反复练习，铭记于心，而有些却容易被忽视，成为考试中的“绊脚石”。
接下来，让我们一起探讨一下那些常常被大家忽略的四级文法知识点。
一、虚拟语气虚拟语气在四级考试中出现的频率不低，但却是很多同学容易忽视或者理解不透彻的一个知识点。
虚拟语气主要用于表示假设、愿望、建议、要求等与事实相反或者不太可能实现的情况。
比如，“If I were you, I would take the job”（如果我是你，我会接受这份工作。
）这里使用了“were”而不是“was”，就是因为在虚拟语气中，be 动词在第一人称单数后要用“were”。
再比如，“It is high time that we went to bed”（我们该睡觉了。
）在这个句子中，“It is high time that”后面要用虚拟语气，动词要用过去式。
很多同学在做题时，往往会忽略句子所表达的虚拟含义，从而按照常规的语法规则去理解和选择，导致出错。
二、非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
这部分知识点比较复杂，容易让人混淆，也常常被忽视。
例如，“I have a lot of work to do”（我有很多工作要做。
）这里的“to do”是动词不定式，作后置定语，修饰“work”。
“Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful”（从山顶上看，这座城市很美。
）这里的“Seeing”是现在分词，作状语。
同学们在使用非谓语动词时，容易搞不清它们在句子中的成分和作用，也容易在动词不定式和动名词的用法上出现错误。
三、独立主格结构独立主格结构是一个相对较难且容易被忽视的知识点。
它由“名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语”构成，在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。
虚拟语气的用法-四级语法
虚拟语⽓（subjunctive mood）是谓语动词的⼀种形式，⽤来表⽰⾮真实的假设，或者⽤来表⽰命令、建议或说话⼈的主观愿望。
⼀、⾮真实条件中的虚拟语⽓⾮真实条件就是违背事实情况的假设，包括违背现在事实的假设，违背过去事实的假设，以及将来不可能发⽣或虽有可能发⽣但说话⼈主观上不希望发⽣的假设。
最后这⼀种假设简称为违背将来的假设。
在这三种情况下，条件从句和主句中的谓语动词采取下列虚拟形式。
虚拟语⽓中主句中的第⼀⼈称⽤should，第⼆、三⼈称⽤would。
但在美国英语中，第⼀⼈称也可⽤would。
此外，主句中也可⽤情态动词 could或might代替should或would。
在条件句中，如果动词是be，在违背现在的事实时，各个⼈称均⽤were。
但在⾮正式⽂体中，特别是在⼝语中，第⼀、三⼈称单数⽤was的时候也不少。
在违背将来事实的条件从句中，"should ＋动词原形"及"were ＋不定式"两种谓语动词形式适⽤于所有的⼈称。
1．违背现在事实的假设If the earth had no gravity，the moon would fly to the sun．假如地球没有引⼒，⽉球就要向太阳飞去。
If I were you ，I would reconsider their proposal．我要是你，就重新考虑他们的建议。
2．违背过去事实的假设If I had left a little earlier，I would have caught the train．我要是早点动⾝就赶上⽕车了。
If she hadn't taken your advice， she would have made a serious mistake．她要不是听了你的劝告，就犯⼤错误了。
3．可能违背将来事实的假设这⾥指的是将来不⼤可能发⽣的假设，或者虽有可能发⽣，但说话⼈主观上不希望发⽣的假设。
英语四级常考的虚拟语气到底是什么鬼？
英语四级常考的虚拟语气到底是什么鬼？【巨微英语】英语四级中对于语法的考查可以说是涉及面非常广了，什么虚拟语气、情态动词、各种从句简直轮番上阵。
一众学渣恨不能以头抢地，出题人简直不给人留活路啊。
今天巨微英语的小编将和大家一起学习英语四级常考的虚拟语气结构，深入探究一下所谓的虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
举例：If I knew English, I should be able to read these English books 假如我懂英语，我就应该能读这些英语书了。
虚拟语气一般有三种情况：1.和现在事实相反，句型为：If +主语did (were)…，主语would+原型。
举例：If I were you,I would study much harder．值得注意的是，在这种结构中，主句中除了would之外，还可用情态动词could, might, should.例：If I knew English, I should be able to read these English books.假如我懂英语，我就应该能读这些英语书了。
2.与过去事实相反结构为：If +主语had done，主语+would have done举例：If you had taken my advice yesterday，you wouldn't have failed in the exam.如果昨天你采纳了我的建议，你就不会考试失败了。
有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语等其它形式表达。
例：But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it.3.与将来事实相反是对将来情况的假设，表示与将来事实相反或可能相反的条件和结果。
结构为：If +主语were to / should +动词原形…，主语would do…举例：If I should see her next Monday, I would tell her about it.如果下周一我能见到她的话, 我就把这件事告诉她。
四级虚拟语气详解
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式：一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could＋动词原形与过去相反的假设If+主语+had +过去分词主语＋should, would, might,could＋have done与将来相反的假设1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形主语＋should, would，might,could＋动词原形eg: If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.注意：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整1、If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．2、If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了．错综时间条件句例题：Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.A.areB. wereC. would beD. would have been 解析：这是个混合型的虚拟语气，前面是个省略加倒装句，还原后是 If you had listen to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听医生的话，现在病都好了。
指导：四级考试虚拟语气考点及对策
洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了让学员们便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论：1．名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形2．条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本态②倒装虚拟句③混时虚拟句④含蓄虚拟句⑤跳层虚拟句3．其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest）一．三种基本形态（1）表虚拟的时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在：did / were would (should, might, could)+do过去：had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been)将来：were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出）与现在事实相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book.与过去事实相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.与将来事实相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book.If I should have enough money, I would buy a book.二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式）Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book.Should I have enough money, I would buy a book.三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语）(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.四、含蓄虚拟句（在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点，但在阅读中常见）What would I have done without you?But for their help, I would not have finished the task.But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead.Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.五、跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气；but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟）(but) He would put on weight, but he doesn’t eat much. (与现在事实相反)He would have put on weight, but he didn’t eat much. (与过去事实相反)(or, or else, otherwise) I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. (与现在相Mary couldn’t have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. (与过去相六、名词从句虚拟语气(1) ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形, eg. I suggest / suggested that we (should) go tomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气(2) It is +(形容词/过去分词/特定名词)+that的从句中，形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。
英语四级虚拟语气
要求 propose suggest urge advise recommend move
要求 command order demand
要求 arrange decide
3. 在形式主语的结构中
1) 在有特殊形容词的句套里 It is necessary that… It is imperative that… It is essential that…
（能
• 91.They requested that __________________ __
（我借的书还回图书馆） by next Friday.
• she could be assigned (to) another job 2011.6 • books I borrowed （should） be returned to the
6. If only, would (that), ’d rather (would rather, had rather) as if, lest
例如： If only I had not cheated at the exam. Would (that) I were young again.
(要不是因为我生病了), I would have lent him a helping hand. they to arrive before we depart If he had gone by taxi yesterday • If I had not been ill, / Had it not been for my illness,
7. It is time 从句
It is high time… It is about time you got up.
专四英语之虚拟语气用法和主谓一致知识讲解
一、虚拟语气用法讲解英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气二、带虚拟条件的虚拟语气1. 真实条件句和非真实条件句条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。
真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。
(陈述语气) If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。
(虚拟语气) 2. 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型(1) 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。
(但你没有坐出租车)If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。
(可惜我不知道)(2) 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：If I had left sooner，I would have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。
(但我动身太迟了) 【I had left缩写I’d left；I would have been缩写为I’d have been】If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。
(可惜我们找到他太晚了)(3) 若与将来事实相反：条件从句a)If+主语+动词过去式;b)If+主语+were to+动词原形;c)If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)。
虚拟语气用法详解(4级)
一、什么是虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
二、虚拟语气的用法1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令，它的谓语动词就是原形。
May you be happy. 祝你幸福。
May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！You go out！你出去！2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。
在suggest, advise, propose, insist, demand, desire, request, require, decide, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气，表示建议、要求、决定或命令等，其谓语动词形式为should+动词原形，其中should可以省略，主句中的时态不限。
We proposed that the medicine (should) be cleaned again. 我们提出把那台机器再清洗一次。
The captain ordered that we (should) leave the village before daybreak. 上尉下令叫我们在天亮前离开村庄。
The students requested that the teachers sing a song at the English evening. 学生们要求老师们在英语晚会上唱一支歌。
The workers demanded that their pay (should) be raised. 工人们要求增加工资。
He insisted that John (should) do the job. 他坚决要求约翰干这项工作。
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英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式：一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could＋动词原形与过去相反的假设If+主语+had +过去分词主语＋should, would, might,could＋have done与将来相反的假设1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形主语＋should, would，might,could＋动词原形eg: If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.注意：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整1、If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．2、If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了．错综时间条件句例题：Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.A.areB. wereC. would beD. would have been 解析：这是个混合型的虚拟语气，前面是个省略加倒装句，还原后是 If you had listen to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听医生的话，现在病都好了。
关键词是now。
凡是混合型虚拟语气，一般都会有具体的时间状语的。
例题：_____today, he would get there by Friday.Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave解析：如果今天离开的话，他星期五就能到达那里。
（与将来相反的假设：1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形。
1不符合，没有过去式、2 be to 的形式，表示将来，符合要求。
3 没有should，不符合要求。
It is (high / about ) time that…It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should不能省。
It is high time that表示：“早该做某事了”时Eg：It is high time that you went / should go to school.你早该去学校了。
例题“What will you do during the summer holiday?”“I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”A. I’m decidingB. I’ll decideC. I decidedD. I decide解析:It is (high / about ) time that…固定搭配。
谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should 不能省。
It is high time that表示：“早该做某事了”时wish 后面的宾语从句中。
一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
其谓语动词形式为：1、表现在过去时I wish (that) I were a bird.2、表过去过去完成时I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.3、表将来would, might, could＋动词原形I wish (that) I would\could go.例题“Have you ever been to Beijing?”“No, but I wish I _____”A. haveB. willC. doD. Had解析：你曾经去过北京吗回答不，但是我希望我去过。
用1中方法，因为现在完成时，对应的是过去时。
与现在事实相反的假设例题Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be解析：如果没有电人类的生活会与现在有很大的不同。
would have been表示对过去情况的假设，would be 用于对现在和将来的假设。
Without虚拟语气，后跟名词，既可以表示对现在情况的假设、也可以表示对过去情况的假设。
从时间状语today可以判断出与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，是对现在的虚拟，所以用would be，如果把today改掉就成yesterday就选择would have been，就这么理解哈。
与过去相反的假设例题：If he___,he____ that food. luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately。
A. was warned ;would not takeB. had been warend ;would not have takenC. would not have takenD. would have been warned ;had not taken解析：条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。
was sent to the hospital immediately，看出来，是过去时。
as if ( as though) 看起来常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(had done).Eg：He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it例题：when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ___.A.breaksB.has brokenC.were brokenD.had been broken解析：把铅笔一端插在一杯水里，看起来好像折断了似的。
当主语是物，并且充当谓语的动词是及物动词时，谓语动词必须用被动语态。
当说话者认为句子所述的是真实情况或者是极有可能发生、存在的情况时，as if/though引导的方式状语从句需用陈述语气形式。
但表示所叙述的情况与事实相反时as if从句中应使用虚拟语气。
注意比较以下两个例句：He walks as if he is drunk.He walks as if he were drunk.前一句表示“他已经醉了”，后一句则表示“他没有醉”。
Otherwise 、Or 、but（adv否则；adj. 另外的）用于虚拟语气中例题：We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would have given you a hand.解析：我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你。
otherwise we would have given you a hand.（是现在完成时态）是虚拟条件状语，所以We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time，是主语。
Eg ：(or, or else, otherwise) I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. (与现在相反)Eg ：Mary couldn’t have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. (与过去相反)Eg ：Mary couldn’t have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. (与过去相反)but for / without / but :（But for要不是）用于虚拟语气中but for/without sth, 主句+would do(表对现在或者将来的虚拟) today主句+would have done（表对过去的虚拟yesterday例题But for your help, we in the experiment（实验）。
A. will never succeedB. mustn’t have succeededC.couldn’t have succeededD. shouldn’t have succeeded解析：but for,without,在虚拟语气里怎么用，就是从句主句谓语动词用什么句中but for, without, but这些词，是一种含蓄的虚拟语气，也是解题的关键点，即见到他们你也要想到这题多半是考虚拟语气的。
它们只是种标志，这时只有主句，没有从句，（不要和if类的虚拟混淆）主句+would do(表对现在或者将来的虚拟)主句+would have done（表对过去的虚拟一定看清楚yesterday）例如：Without your timely help, we couldn't have finished our task. 如果没有你的及时帮助，我们可能完成不了任务。
It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ....在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用，should + 动词原形（should可以省略）。