虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析

虚拟语气用法

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。

1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。

China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句)

2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如:

Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路)

3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。

If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.

如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。

4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。

①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。

If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了

If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。

②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。

If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。

If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。

5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。

Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。

Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。

Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.

如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。

【注意】

若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。

Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。

②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词:

Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…)

6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。

①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等

But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.

We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him.

②将条件隐含在不定式短语中

I should be happy to go with you. 如果能与你一起去，我将很高兴。(=I should be happy if I could go

with you.)

To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。

(=If you have studied hard er, you…)

③将条件隐含在分词短语中

Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。

(=If he had been born in better times, he …)

Failing this time, what would you do 假若这次失败，那你怎么办(=If you failed dthis time, what…)

④将条件隐含在名词短语中

A true friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真正的朋友，就不会背弃我。

(=If he had been a true friend, he would…)

A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位

著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you…)

两个常用虚拟语气句型：与but for, without同义。

① If it weren’t(wasn’t) for…“若不是有…/要不是有…”

If it weren’t(wasn’t) for the children, we wouldn’t have anything to talk about. 要不是因为孩子们，我们不会有什么可谈的。

② If it hadn’t been for…

If it hadn’t been for the rain, we would have had a good harvest. 要不是有雨，我们本会获得一个大丰收的。

7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。

①省略从句

He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你本该通过这次考试的。

②省略主句

If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。

If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。