虚拟语气用法讲解
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• 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟 条件句。 （1）真实条件句：假设的情况是有可能发生的。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. （2）虚拟条件句：假设的情况是过去或现在都不 存在的，或将来都不可能发生的。 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.
otherwise, or, or else等的虚拟用
法 She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.
高考链接：
Jack can’t have arrived yet, otherwise he _____ me. A. would phoned B. phoned C. would have phoned D. had phoned
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法总结
时态
If 从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式 would/could/should/ might +V.(原) would/could/should/ might+have+p.p. would/could/should/ might + V.(原)
现在 过去
did / were
had done
1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do
未来
二： 交叉虚拟 主从句动作发生的时间不 同时，按时间来确定虚拟形式。
If the weather had been better, the crops would be growing still better.
The Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气
He has … Day dreaming ……
英语中的三种语气
• 陈述语气：用于陈述事实。 • 祈使语气：用于提出请求、命令等。 • 虚拟语气：①表示说话人说的不是事 实而是一种假设、猜想等。②表示说 话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等。
一.虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用
• 如果同位语从句所修饰的名 词是表示说话人的愿望，建 议，要求，命令等名词时。 从句谓语动词用“（should） +V原形”
• The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.
If I had a lot of money I would buy a villa.
1.如果我是只鸟，我就能在天上飞了。
I f I were a bird, I could fly in the sky.
2.If I a knife，I would kill ___________( 就杀了) you。
Should用于第一三人称
1.与现在事实相反
would表示结果， might表示可能性， could表示能力、允许或 可能性
从句-----过去式(be通常用were)，
主句----should (would, could, might)+动词 原形”：
If I knew her number I could ring her up. If he were free, he would help us.
• It is amazing that he (should) behave so rudely.
Thank you!
Bye-bye!
• 主句的主语如果是表示说话人 的愿望（wish/desire）建议 （suggestion/advice/proposal） 要求（requirement/demand） 命令（order/command）等名 词，表语从句谓语动词用 “（should）+V原形”
• Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.
had ______(有)
2.与将来事实相反或将来的愿望推测
• 从句----did /should +do /were to do • 主句-----should/ would/ could/ might +do
If he got up early,
he would be on time.
3、与过去事实相反
• I would rather you paid me now. (现在) • I would rather you had gone, too. (过去) • Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未来)
• Would/had rather (not) have done sth • 宁愿过去（没）做了某事
从句——had done 主句——should/ would/ could/ might +have done
If he __________ had driven more carefully, he _________________ would not have had the car accident yesterday.
• 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用
在句型“It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important/vital + that ……”从 句的动词要用虚拟，即使用 (should)+动词原形
• It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
• 当If条件句中有were, had, should这三个助动词时，可将 If省略，从而将这三个助动词 放到句首。
without和but for 构成虚拟。(but for要不是)
•Without sunlight, people’s life would be difficult .
•But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
用于If only 引导的感叹句 （用法同wish） if only 通常独立使用，没有主 句。
• If only I were rich. • If only I had listened to my parents! • If only she would go with me!
• 在句型“It’s amazing/ strange/ surprising/ astonishing/ a shame that……”以及“I’m surprised, I’m sorry/ I regret + that 从 句”，表示说话人的惊异，懊悔， 失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之 意，从句中谓语动词使用 “should do”的虚拟结构。
1.A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try
虚拟语气在as if/ though从句中的 使用 • 在as if/ though引导的从句中， 若表示与现在事实相反，用一般 过去时，与过去事实相反，用过 去完成时。
• She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.
• 从句谓语动词使用“（should）+V 原形”
• 一个坚持：insist • 两个命令：order, command • 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose • 四个要求：demand, require, request, desire
• He suggested that we (should) go home at once. • 如果suggest表示“暗示， 表明”、insist表示“坚持 说/认为”时，从句用陈述 语气。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
考题点击：
D the examination? 1. Is it necessary that he _____ A. took C. must take B. have to take D. take
A once more 1.His suggestion that you _____ sounds reasonable.
三、虚拟语气在名词从句中的用法 A.用于宾语从句 过去时 (did/were) 1. wish 现在： + 宾语 从句
过去： 过去完成时 (had done)
将来： would/could/might/should+V.
现在：过去时 2. would rather --
过去： 过去完成时
未来：过去时
• If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
• Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
otherwise, or, or else等的虚拟用
法 She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.
高考链接：
Jack can’t have arrived yet, otherwise he _____ me. A. would phoned B. phoned C. would have phoned D. had phoned
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法总结
时态
If 从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式 would/could/should/ might +V.(原) would/could/should/ might+have+p.p. would/could/should/ might + V.(原)
现在 过去
did / were
had done
1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do
未来
二： 交叉虚拟 主从句动作发生的时间不 同时，按时间来确定虚拟形式。
If the weather had been better, the crops would be growing still better.
The Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气
He has … Day dreaming ……
英语中的三种语气
• 陈述语气：用于陈述事实。 • 祈使语气：用于提出请求、命令等。 • 虚拟语气：①表示说话人说的不是事 实而是一种假设、猜想等。②表示说 话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等。
一.虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用
• 如果同位语从句所修饰的名 词是表示说话人的愿望，建 议，要求，命令等名词时。 从句谓语动词用“（should） +V原形”
• The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.
If I had a lot of money I would buy a villa.
1.如果我是只鸟，我就能在天上飞了。
I f I were a bird, I could fly in the sky.
2.If I a knife，I would kill ___________( 就杀了) you。
Should用于第一三人称
1.与现在事实相反
would表示结果， might表示可能性， could表示能力、允许或 可能性
从句-----过去式(be通常用were)，
主句----should (would, could, might)+动词 原形”：
If I knew her number I could ring her up. If he were free, he would help us.
• It is amazing that he (should) behave so rudely.
Thank you!
Bye-bye!
• 主句的主语如果是表示说话人 的愿望（wish/desire）建议 （suggestion/advice/proposal） 要求（requirement/demand） 命令（order/command）等名 词，表语从句谓语动词用 “（should）+V原形”
• Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.
had ______(有)
2.与将来事实相反或将来的愿望推测
• 从句----did /should +do /were to do • 主句-----should/ would/ could/ might +do
If he got up early,
he would be on time.
3、与过去事实相反
• I would rather you paid me now. (现在) • I would rather you had gone, too. (过去) • Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未来)
• Would/had rather (not) have done sth • 宁愿过去（没）做了某事
从句——had done 主句——should/ would/ could/ might +have done
If he __________ had driven more carefully, he _________________ would not have had the car accident yesterday.
• 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用
在句型“It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important/vital + that ……”从 句的动词要用虚拟，即使用 (should)+动词原形
• It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
• 当If条件句中有were, had, should这三个助动词时，可将 If省略，从而将这三个助动词 放到句首。
without和but for 构成虚拟。(but for要不是)
•Without sunlight, people’s life would be difficult .
•But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
用于If only 引导的感叹句 （用法同wish） if only 通常独立使用，没有主 句。
• If only I were rich. • If only I had listened to my parents! • If only she would go with me!
• 在句型“It’s amazing/ strange/ surprising/ astonishing/ a shame that……”以及“I’m surprised, I’m sorry/ I regret + that 从 句”，表示说话人的惊异，懊悔， 失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之 意，从句中谓语动词使用 “should do”的虚拟结构。
1.A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try
虚拟语气在as if/ though从句中的 使用 • 在as if/ though引导的从句中， 若表示与现在事实相反，用一般 过去时，与过去事实相反，用过 去完成时。
• She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.
• 从句谓语动词使用“（should）+V 原形”
• 一个坚持：insist • 两个命令：order, command • 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose • 四个要求：demand, require, request, desire
• He suggested that we (should) go home at once. • 如果suggest表示“暗示， 表明”、insist表示“坚持 说/认为”时，从句用陈述 语气。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
考题点击：
D the examination? 1. Is it necessary that he _____ A. took C. must take B. have to take D. take
A once more 1.His suggestion that you _____ sounds reasonable.
三、虚拟语气在名词从句中的用法 A.用于宾语从句 过去时 (did/were) 1. wish 现在： + 宾语 从句
过去： 过去完成时 (had done)
将来： would/could/might/should+V.
现在：过去时 2. would rather --
过去： 过去完成时
未来：过去时
• If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
• Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.