20100510135734876奶牛的繁殖管理-Repro_Management-美国威斯康辛大学Paul Fricke教授

250
牛 群 200 数
Her rd Count
150 100 50 0 0 5 10
怀孕率
15
20
25
30
Pregnancy Rate (%)
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
Pregnancy Risk for Ontario DHI Herds
350 300
频 率 250
怀孕关键点
（安大略DHI数据）

Paul M. Fricke, PhD
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
Measuring Reproductive P f Performance
Reproductive d i performance f in i ad dairy i h herd di is determined by how rapidly the herd management system turns open cows into pregnant cows Key Question to ask:
Reproductive Management of Dairy Cattle
奶牛的繁殖管理
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
保罗•弗瑞克 博士
Professor of Dairy Science University of Wisconsin – Madison 威斯康星大学奶业科学系 - 麦迪逊
= % of eligible cows that are bred every 21 days is equivalent to heat detection rate t if cows are bred b d to t a standing t di estrus
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
参配率 = 每隔21天适宜母牛接受配种的%
SR
依据站立发情配种，配种率相当于发情鉴定率
Heat Detection Rate, 1998 Minnesota DHI Data
Rapnicki P, P Stewart S, S Eicker S S. 2001 2001. Proc 4-State Appl Nutr Mgt Conf Conf, La Crosse Crosse, WI
Overview 综述
Factors Affecting Fertility in Lactating Dairy Cows 影响泌乳牛繁殖力的因素
明尼苏达的奶牛受胎率（1998，DHI数据）
120
牛 100 群 数
Herd d Count
80 60 40 20 0 15 20 25
受胎率
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Conception Rate (%)
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
Characterization of Holstein Heifer Fertility in the United States Kuhn K h et t al., l J. J Dairy D i S Sci. i 89 89:4907-4920; 4907 4920 2006
Lactating Cows vs. Heifers
Wh t is What i “normal” “ l” for f conception ti rate? t ?
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
Conception Rate, 1998 Minnesota DHI Data
Rapnicki P, Stewart S, Eicker S. 2001. Proc 4 4-State State Appl Nutr Mgt Conf, La Crosse, WI
– How rapidly are cows becoming pregnant in this herd?
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
Questions to Ask…Metrics to Answer
问题与答案 问: At what rate are eligible cows getting pregnant per unit time? 适配母牛单位时间内怀孕
受胎指标
How efficiently do cows conceive once they are serviced? i d? 一经配种，母牛受胎的几率？
CR = % of cows that become pregnant after a breeding
受胎率 = 受配母牛怀孕的%
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
的比率？
答: Pregnancy P Rate R t 怀孕率 率 Question: How efficiently do cows conceive Question once they are bred? 配种后母牛受胎的效率？ Metric: Conception Rate 受胎率 Question: Are we getting eligible cows Question inseminated in a timely manner? 对适配母牛及时
Measuring and Monitoring Reproduction
繁殖的指标的测定和监控
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
Traditional Measures of R Reproduction d ti
繁殖指标的常规测定
Calving Interval 产犊间隔 First Service Conception Rate 第 第一次配种受胎率 次配种受胎率 Days Open 空怀天数 Days to First Service 产后第 产后第一次配种天数 次配种天数 Percentage of the Herd Pregnant 牛群怀孕牛百分率 Services per Conception 输精次数
配种了吗？
Metric: Service Rate 参配率
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
怀孕的关键指标
21-day Pregnancy Risk 21天怀孕是关键指标 Proportion P ti of f eligible li ibl cows th that tb become pregnant every 21 days 适配母牛每21天怀孕的比率 This is the key measure of reproduction
One cow pregnant after 21 d (i.e., 10% conception rate) 21天后 天后一头母牛受胎 头母牛受胎 （比如为10%的受胎率）
What is the Pregnancy P Rate? R t ?
怀孕率是多少？
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
Pregnancy Risk Example 3 怀孕关键例三
What is the Pregnancy Risk?
哪个是怀孕的关键指标？
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
Pregnancy Risk, 1998 Minnesota DHI Data
怀孕的关键点
Rapnicki P, Stewart S, Eicker S. 2001. Proc 4-State Appl Nutr Mgt Conf, La Crosse, WI
怀孕 % Pregnancy
Compiled p by: y D. Kelton, , K. Lissemore, , University y of Guelph p S. Stewart, University of Minnesota
October, 2000
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
Breedings g = 537,938 , Heifers = 362,512 Herds = 2,668
M Mean CR CR:
57% 57
Baidu Nhomakorabea
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
Are cows getting inseminated in a timely manner? 配种
SR
母牛是否适时受配？
50% Conception Risk; 80% Service Risk
50%的受胎， 80%的受配
10 nonpregnant cows past the voluntary waiting period (i.e., eligible to become pregnant)
4 cows pregnant t after ft 21 d 21天后4头母牛怀孕
10% Conception Risk; 100% Service Risk 10%的受胎， 100%的受配
10 nonpregnant cows past the voluntary waiting period (i.e., eligible to become pregnant) 10头非妊娠母牛通过了自动等待周期 （比如为适配母牛）

这是权衡繁殖的关键指标
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
2121 -Day Pregnancy Risk
21天怀孕的关键指标
Factors Affecting g the Rate at Which Cows Become Pregnant: 影响母牛怀孕率的因素
受胎指标
配种指标
怀孕指标
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
Predicted Changes in Milk/ Cow and Expected Return 预期牛奶/奶牛的变化及期望的回报
75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% 22% 24% 26% 28% 30% Pregnancy Rate
明尼苏达的发情鉴定率 （1998，DHI数据）
120
牛 群 100 数
He rd Coun nt
80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
发情鉴定率
Heat Detection Rate (%)
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
Dr. Michael Overton UC D i VMTRC UC-Davis
$500 $450 $400 $350 $300 $ $250 $200 $150 $100 $ $50 $0
怀孕率每增加一个单 位，每头牛每年可获 得18美元的回报。 怀孕率从14%增加到 18%，每一个单位可 使头牛每年可获得20 美元的回报。 假定怀孕率为8%
怀孕率
200 150 100 50 0 2 4 6
Pregnancy Rate 头 数 n=2,279 平均值 Mean = 14% 中间值 Median = 14%
F req u e en cy
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50
受胎率
Milk
Return/ cow ($12 milk)
1 unit increase in PR overall ~ $18 avg return per cow/ year. 1 unit increase from 14% to 18%, ~ $20/ cow/ year Assumes: 8% PR w/ ~ 18,000 RHA to start, Milk is per milking cow/day
Pregnancy Risk Example 1 怀孕关键，例一
100% Conception Risk; 10% Service Risk
100%的受胎，10%的受配
10 nonpregnant cows past the voluntary waiting period (i.e., eligible to become pregnant) 10头非妊娠母牛通过了自动等待周期 （比如为适配母牛）
AI one cow after 21 d (i.e., 10% service rate) 21天后一头母牛输精 （比如为10%的受配率）
What is the Pregnancy Rate?
怀孕率是多少？
Paul M. Fricke, PhD
Pregnancy Risk Example 2 怀孕关键例二