初中英语句子成分及五大基本句型[优质ppt]

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must, can, could, shall, should...... 5
Biblioteka Baidu
实义动词
及物动词 He is reading a book. Mr. Green teaches us English.
不及物动词 The sun rises in the east. He works hard.
18/9/15
She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
read teach like
rise work go
be动词:am/is/are was/were 感官动词:feel ,smell, taste, look,sound 变化动词:become, get, turn,grow
助动词 情态动词 18/9/15
be,do, does,did, have, has, had
18/9/15
17
表语:
• 表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词, 形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词, 短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面.
I am a teacher.
She feels happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
He went mad.
6
系动词 The food smells good. The girl is beautiful. The apple looks red. The leaves become yellow.
18/9/15
7
代词:代替名词的词
We are students of class 16.
主语
Tom gives me an apple.
Seeing is believing.
18/9/15
18
宾语
• 宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短 语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后.
She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV.

them,everything
主,宾,表
good,interesting
定,表
almost ,bravely

nine, first
定,表
and ,but,because, that, 不做成分
while
near, from, in, on, at
不做成分
a, an, the
不作成分
hello ,oh, well
18/9/15
16
谓语:
• 谓语说明主语做什么,以什么状态 或特征存在,由简单动词或者动词 短语构成.
They are teachers.
She looks well.
He studies hard.
He laughed at his classmates.
He can speak English.
不作成分
3
名词:表示某类人,事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称
• 在句子中作主语,宾语或表语 • The bags are on the desk.
主语
• I like apples.
宾语
• This is a gook book.
表语
18/9/15
4
动词:表示动作或状态的词汇
实义动词 系动词
及物动词 不及物动词
10
数词
基数词:one, two, three..... 序数词:first, second, third
I have one book.
定语
She is the first in the class.
表语
18/9/15
11
句子成分

基本句型
18/9/15
12
18/9/15
13
什么是句子?
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.句子的第
18/9/15
15
• 1.主语:主语是在句子中说明全 句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,
代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当 .它的位置一般在句首.
The girl is pretty.
Reading is useful.
To see is to believe.
They are good friends.
宾语
Who is there? -- It is me.
表语
18/9/15
8
形容词:表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词
This is a red apple.
定语
She told us something interesting.
后置定语
The sun was hot yesterday.
表语
Lucy is tall in her class.
一个字母必须大写,结尾要有.? !
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How beautiful the girl is !
18/9/15
14
句子包括哪些成分?
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种, 即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补 语。英语的基本成分有八种:主语 (subject)、谓语(predicate)、表 语(predicative)、宾语(object)、 定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 、 补语(complement)、同位语。
表语
18/9/15
9
副词:用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等的词,
以说明动作性质或状态。
We should get up early in the morning.
The movie is very interesting.
Tom often goes to school by bike.
状语
18/9/15
词类(partsofspeech)
• 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词,根据 词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的 分类叫词类(parts of speech)。
• •
18/9/15
1
英语词类
• 十大词类
实词(6):名词 动词 代词 形容词
副词 数词
词 连词 感叹词
虚词(4):冠词 介
18/9/15
2
词类 1. 名词 2. 动词 3. 代词 4. 形容词 5. 副词 6. 数词 7. 连词
缩写 n. v. pron. adj adv. num. conj.
8. 介词
prep.
9. 冠词
art.
10. 感叹词 interj.
18/9/15
例词
用法
John, room
主,宾,表
stand ,be
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