初中生英语阅读理解障碍及其策略分析论文

浅谈初中生英语阅读理解的障碍及其策略分析

【摘要】英语是学校教学的一项重要学科，对于学生的当前阶段学习、升学深造以及未来的工作、生活都有着很大影响意义。阅读理解是考察学生英语学习状况的一项重要途径，同时也是拓展学生学习渠道、丰富学生学习生活的一个主要方法，对于学生的写作能力、语法知识的提升意义重大。所以做好英语阅读理解、提升学生英语素质刻不容缓。但是在传统的英语教学过程中也存在着一定的问题，导致学生的英语学习面临着一定的障碍，本文笔者就自身数年来的初中英语教学经验，谈一下我对英语阅读理解题型的一点教学经验，旨在为提升英语教学效果、实现学生的英语素质提升贡献一份自己的力量。

【关键词】初中英语阅读理解障碍策略

一、目前学生阅读理解存在的障碍分析

1、词汇量不足

词汇的积累是学习英语的基础，也是进行阅读理解的基本能力要求。新课改以来，由于教师在课堂的讲解较少，学生的自主时间较多，而由于学生没有一定的学习意识，导致学生掌握的单词不多或不够熟悉，在做答阅读理解题时一眼望去，满篇生词，他们便会产生畏惧心理或厌恶情绪，读不懂句子意思或因个别单词卡壳而耗时过多，从而影响对全文大意的理解。

2、惧怕长句难句

在农村中学，由于学生的英语基础较差，导致他们在学习的过程

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今年上三年级的悦悦，家长反映他语文听写成绩很差，刚学过的字很快就忘记，读书速度很慢，阅读时老是漏字、读错字、跳行，读不成句子，而且读完之后不知道什么意思。不太记住。数学题方面家长讲题能理解，但自己做时容易出错。当爸爸带悦悦到美希儿童教育工作室经过综合的测试评估后，我们发现他有较严重阅读障碍，悦悦的阅读能力和识字量水平，仅相当于一年级孩子的水平。阅读障碍问题，是造成他学习困难的重要原因。阅读障碍是学习障碍的最主要类型之一，占所有被诊断为学习障碍儿童的70%以上。据研究资料表明，英语国家中有阅读障碍的儿童高达10%－30%，汉语儿童中有阅读障碍的人约10%－50%左右。阅读障碍儿童通常有如下表现： 1、认字与记字障碍重重，刚学过的字很快就忘记； 2、听写成绩很差； 3、朗读时增字、减字，读错字，跳行； 4、阅读速度很慢，逐字阅读或以手指协助； 5、语言表达能力不错，但写作文很枯燥； 6、阅读后回答问题有困难； 7、错别字连篇，写字经常多一划或少一笔； 8、经常搞混形近的字，如把视与祝弄混； 9、经常搞混音近的字； 10、学习拼音障碍，经常把Q看成O； 11、爱做数学计算题，不爱阅读和学习语文； 12、朗读尚佳，但对内容一知半解，不知所云。儿童有六条以上的均存在阅读障碍，需要在美希儿童教育进行针对性的阅读障碍纠正或综合阅读能力提升训练。造成阅读障碍的原因： 1、视知觉能力落后。例如：视觉分辨能力和视觉追踪能力落后，就会造成阅读时加字漏字，跳行，阅读速度很慢等现象； 2、听知觉能力落后，会造成读而不闻，读而不懂等现象；另外如失语症、智力迟钝和运动失调等大脑神经功能障碍也会造成阅读障碍。 3、心理、情绪因素造成的。有的孩子存在严重的胆小、自卑情绪，不敢在课堂上朗读，结果越不练就越有障碍，还有的孩子非常敏感，对别人的评价特别紧张，生怕读错了引起同学笑话，所以朗读时忧心忡忡，不能够轻松流畅地阅读。 4、教育方法问题。对于阅读障碍的孩子，家长和老师要学会用正确的态度看待孩子的问题，不要总是一味地逼着孩子练习阅读，而不是用科学的方法进行特殊训练，长时间不见成效，孩子就会产生很大的心理压力，对阅读更加有抵触情绪，甚至产生厌烦心理。美希儿童教育中心老师在长期教育实践中，建议从以下几个方面帮助儿童的进行有效纠正阅读障碍的问题： 1、针对性视觉统合系列训练：如：准备一张白纸，家长在白纸上用彩色笔写数字1——100，注意数字在白纸上书写顺序逐渐排列混乱、顺序位置颠倒；让孩子按1—100数字顺序找寻连线；每日2—3张。 2、提升听知觉练习，培养儿童阅读兴趣，调整指导儿童阅读方法；如：每日晚饭后，陪儿童读一篇短小精典的美文或故事，陪同孩子一起有感情的朗读，可采取：扮角色朗读、分段朗读、指定朗读等不同形式；读后家长有意识的提问，

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中考英语阅读理解专项复习经典一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.

初三英语下学期中考英语阅读理解训练单元易错题难题测试综合卷学能测试试题

初三英语下学期中考英语阅读理解训练单元易错题难题测试综合卷学能测试试题一、中考英语阅读理解训练 1．阅读理解 It's a cold, grey Sunday afternoon in March. The British are all working in their gardens. They're digging, cutting leaves and planting new seeds（种子）. By summer, their gardens will be full of bright colors. The British love their gardens. A British newspaper recently asked people for their opinions about them. Around 70% of the people felt it was important to spend time in the garden, and over 50% of these described gardening as the most enjoyable thing they ever did. Only one in ten houses in Britain do not have a garden. People who live in houses without gardens often rent（租用） land from the government. At first, only very rich people had gardens. You can still see the gardens around houses with a long history, such as Chatsworth House or Castle Howard. In the early twentieth century, however, gardening became a hobby. People bought different kinds of seeds and plants for their gardens. Although roses, sunflowers and tomatoes are often grown in British gardens, they originally（起初） grew wild in other countries. Every year, there are competitions for the largest vegetables, but don't expect to win：Britain's biggest carrot is almost six metres long. （1）In summer, British gardens are often . A. covered with grey leaves and plants B. colorful with different plants C. too hot for people to work there D. full of people digging there （2）A recent survey showed that of the British felt it important to do some gardening. A. around 70% B. over 50% C. only 20% D. about 10% （3）We can infer from Paragraph 4 that . A. seeds were provided for free B. roses were first grown in Britain C. gardening is a hobby in the world D. the owner of Chatsworth House was rich （4）What does the writer mean by the underlined sentence? A. It is common to grow carrots. B. It is hard to win the competition. C. The carrot is much easier to grow. D. The carrot is their favorite vegetable. 【答案】（1）B （2）A （3）D （4）B