最新必修一限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

定语从句（一）
一.形容词作定语与从句作定语作比较。

I don’t like lazy people.
I don’t like people who is lazy.
二.先行词与关系代词
1.I don’t like people who never keep their work.
2.I like guys who aren’t serious and who have a good sense of humor.
3.He said that he had no time, which isn’t true.
被定语从句修饰的对象称为先行词
重复指代先行词、起连接主句和从句的作用，并且在定语从句中充当一定成分的连接词称为关系词
The ruler of an kingdom warned that any man that did not tell the truth would be punished .
三.关系词在从句中充当的成分
1.用作主语
（注：定语从句一般要紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面；定语从句中的谓语动词形式是由关系词所指代的先行词来决定的。

）
The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer.
(The woman is a famous dancer and she lives next door. )
2.I like guys and they have a good sense of humor.
3.Anger is a thief who steals away the nice moments.
4.There is this difference between happiness and wisdom: the person who thinks himself the happiest man really is so, but the person who thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool.
5.I’m talking about friends about who care deeply about each other, who support each other, who make life worth living.
2.用作动词的宾语
1.I’ d really like to find a friend and I can trust him completely.
I’d rally like to find a friend who I can trust (him?) completely.
2.It’s hard to have a friend and you can trust him completely.
3.He is the best teacher who I have never seen.
4.He is the student who teacher likes to praise for his hard work.
3.作从句中介词的宾语
1.I’m talking about friends and you can share almost everything with them.
I’m talking about friends who you can share almost everything (with them).
2.I hope I never have a boss and I can talk to him about my problems.
3.I’d prefer someone who I have sth. in common with--- who I can talk ( ) easily.
4.I like the people who I work ( ).
(作宾语的关系词可以省去)
三.关系代词与先行词的搭配关系
(一).关系代词：who, whom which, that 和whose
1.指“人”关系代词 who 和whom 的区别
（1）who 的前面不能与介词搭配使用
The engineer with (who; whom) my father works is about 50 years old.
(2 ) whom 在定语从句不能做主语，但可作宾语或表语。

A rich people is one (who. whom) has the most. but is one (who, whom) needs the least.
2.表示人或物的所有关系，用whose
“whose+ n.”在从句中可作主语，动词的宾语或者介词的宾语
(1) I know a friend . His brother is a pop singer.
I know a friend whose brother is a pop singer.
(2) These children sit in a schoolroom , its windows are all broken.
(3)When I looked through the window, I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away.
(4)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at the time.
3.先行词指“物”，用关系代词which
(1)We are studying sentence . They contain abjective clauses.
We are studying sentence which contain abjective clauses.
(2)Anger is a wind which blows out the lamp of the mind.
(3)Perhaps it is human to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not.(或许，“不惜已获，贪求不得”是人类共同的弱点吧) （4）He likes climbing mountains, which is a good exercise.
(5)Tom was late ,which surprised me.
（which 除了可以指代单个的名词外，还可以指代短语或者句子）
4.that 可指代“人”，也可指代“物”，that 可替换who 或which
不能用that的情况
1.that 不用于非限制性定语从句中
2.that 不能用于介词的后面（和who一样）
Too many people spend money which they haven’t earned , to buy things which they don’t want, to impress people who they don’t like.
最好用that 的情况，共参考~
1.当先行词同时出现“人”，和“物”时,用that.
2.先行词为指“物”的all, little, few , much, none 和 the first 时,用that.
All that glitters is not gold.
This book contains little that is useful.
There is not much that can be done.
As long as you stand up to the difficulties, there are none that cannot be overcome.
3.先行词是不定代词 something, anything, nothing, 和 everything 时，一般用that.
4.先行词被any , only ,all, every , no, some, much, few, little ,序数词，形容词的最高级，the only ,the one, the very ,the right, the last 等成分修饰时，用that.
Tell us all things that you know.
There is no difficulties that they can’t overcome.
He is the only man that can speak four languages in our company.
四，关系副词的用法
1.when的用法
when可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，其先行词须是表示时间的名词，如day，year，time 等。

(1)先行词指时间
I’ll never forget the time when I met you.
The day when we stop learning is the day when we die.
My favourite season is spring, when the earth seems born again.
(2)关系副词when在从句中作时间状语
I’ll never forget the time which I spent in my college.
I’ll never forget the day when we first met in the park.
The day,(which. when) began brightly, ended with a violent storm.
2.where 的用法
(1)where指地点
This is the town where I spent my childhood.
Do you know any place where I can buy a new bike?
(2)关系副词where在从句中地点状语
This is the town where I spent my childhood.
This is the town which I told you about before.
I’ve never been to Beijing, but it’s the place .
A. where I’d like to visit
B. in which I’d like to visit
C.I most want to visit
D. that I want to visit it most
3.why的用法
用来表示原因，只引导限制性定语从句，先行词是reason等表示原因的名词This is the reason why I did n’t come here. (why 可否换成for which？)。