材料科学与工程前沿高温磁性材料

Examples of modern permanent magnets
• SmCo5 type (sintered) • Sm2Co17 type (sintered) • Bonded RE cobalt magnets(bonded
SmCo5, Sm2Co17) • Sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets • Bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets
PAS－5 Satelite，1997
Customer PanAmSat Corporation
Spacecraft 1 Hughes 601HP Launch Date Aug.28, 1997
(Aug. 27 in United States) Vehicle Proton Site Baikonur, Kazakhstan Orbital Slot 58 degrees W Contract life 15 years
Mishra
Yoneyama
Sagawa
1st Generation REM
30
SmCo5
Ojima
Nanocomposite REM
Nd2Fe14B/-Fe
Benz, Martin
20
Nagel
Buschow
Senno
Tawara
10
Nesbitt Hubbard
Velge Strnat Strnat
At lower temperatures this "solution" phase will decompose into 2:17 and 1:5.
1150 oC
_______ * S. Derkaoui, N. Valignat and C.H. Allibert, J. Alloys and Compounds 232 (1996) 296.
软磁材料
永磁材料
Various soft magnetic materials
• Iron • Fe-Si alloys • Fe-Ni alloys • Fe-Co alloys • Soft ferrites MoFe2O3, [M,Zn]Fe2O4 • Amorphous alloys (Fe72Co8Si5B15) • Nanocrystalline alloys
氙(Xe)离子空间推进器
An ion propulsion engine incorporating high-temp SmCo magnets (red) powered the Deep Space 1 probe.
性能要求(极端条件)
1. 高温 700 oC，低温-180 oC. 2. 辐照和辐射: gamma photon and particle radiation 3. 腐蚀环境 4. 高真空
Crystallography of Phases
The hexagonal 1:5 structure consists of alternating Sm-Co and Co layers.
高温磁性材料
材料的性质
材料科学四要素
1. 力学性质
2. 物理性质 2.1 电学性质 2.2 磁学性质 2.3 光学性质 2.4 热学性质 2.5 超导电性
使用性能 合成/制备
性质
结构/成份
Maglev－吸引力和排斥力
磁场的产生
电子绕核转动和自旋
磁性材料的应用
钢铁研究总院
稀土永磁材料进展
Up to 100 MGOe
Maximum energy product (MGOe)
60
Otsuki Kaneko Kaneko
Sagawa
ewald
50
2nd generation REM
3rd generation REM
40
Sm2Co17
Nd2Fe14B
We are here !
Ray Strnat
Clark Croat
Wang
Hadjipanayis
Manaf
Koon
Coehoorn
0 1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
ADVANCED MAGNETS Years
高温永磁材料
XIPS: The Latest Thrust in Propulsion Technology
NASA’s Deep Space 1 Ion Engine 使用涂层的 SmCo基高温永磁材料。
ADVANCED MAGNTS
Phase Diagrams: Binary Alloys
In the binary Sm-Co system the
allowed deviations from the alloys stoichiometries are limited.
通信 电工 IT 电子 汽车
航天
航空
应用与研究
高性能磁性材料
家电 自动化
生物
物质的磁性
铁磁性
反铁磁性
亚铁磁性
磁畴-Magnetic Domain
磁化过程和磁畴运动: M Mi
磁畴和静磁能
磁畴照片
磁滞回线 M Mi
主要参数: Hc(矫顽力); Bs(饱和磁化强度)
磁性材料的主要种类
(Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9)
Various hard magnetic materials
• Fe & Cot steel • Ni and Co alloys (alnicos) • Oxides (Hard ferrites) • Rare earth inter-metallic compounds
The eutectoid decomposition of the 1:5
phase is extremely slow and not likely to occur in the practical alloys.
Typical magnets have the composition
Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)z
ADVANCED MAGNTS
Phase Diagrams: Effect of Zr
Zr allows greater deviations from the stoichiometry. At high temperatures, the
continuous range of the "1:7" structure stretches from 1:5 to 2:17*.