材料科学基础专业名词

Preface Materials science 材料科学材料学Mechanical properties 力学性能Smart materials 智能材料灵敏材料nanomaterials 纳米材料nanotechnology 纳米技术biomaterials 生物材料composition 成分组成performance 性能Microstructure structure 微观结构组织结构Synthesis and processing 合成与工艺Inorganic materials 无机材料Composite materials 复合材料Polymers 聚合物高分子Metal metallic 金属金属的ceramic 陶瓷hardness 硬度brittleness 脆性module 模量density 密度Shape memory alloys 形状记忆合金Elemental period table hydrogen H Rubidium Rb helium He Yttrium Y lithium Li Zirconium Zr beryllium Be Niobium Nb boron B Molybdenum Mo carbon C Palladium Pd nitrogen N Silver Ag oxygen O Cadmium Cd fluorine F Indium In Neon Ne Tin Sn sodium Na Antimony Sb magnesium Mg Iodine I aluminum Al Xenon Xe silicon Si Cesium Cs phosphorus P Barium Ba sulfur S Tungsten W chlorine Cl Platinum Pt argon Ar Gold Au potassium K Mercury Hg calcium Ca Lead Pb scandium Sc lanthanum La titanium Ti Cerium Ce vanadium V chromium Cr manganese Mn iron Fe cobalt Co nickel Ni copper Cu zinc Zn gallium Ga germanium Ge arsenic As selenium Se bromine Br krypton Kr Chapter 1 Crystal structure of metals Crystal structure 晶体结构Lattice constants 点阵常数Crystalline materials 晶体材料Lattice vectors 点阵适量Noncrystalline materials 非晶材料crystal 晶体Amorphous materials 非晶材料Bravais lattice 布拉非点阵Corrosion resistance 耐腐蚀Crystal system 晶系electron 电子Alpha beta gamma α β γ atom 原子cubic 立方nucleus 原子核tetragonal 四方electronegativity 电负性orthorhombic 正交electronpositivity 电正性hexagonal 六方equilibrium 平衡Rhombonhedral / trigonal 菱面体repulsion 排斥Monoclinic 单斜attraction 吸引Triclinic 三斜potential 势能Simple cubic 简单立方Ionic bonding 离子键Body centered cubic 体心立方Covalent bonding 共价键Unit cell 晶胞Metallic bonding 金属键Lattice parameters 点阵矢量molecule 分子Face centered cubic 面心立方semiconductor 半导体Coordination number 配位原子数Single crystal 单晶Hexagonal packing 六方堆垛Anisotropic 各向异性Allotropic transformation 同素异位转变isotopic 各向同性Miller indices 密勒指数Polycrystalline 多晶crystallographic 晶体学的Imperfection 缺陷Crystallographic direction 晶向Point defect 点缺陷Crystallographic plane 晶面Line defect 线缺陷projection 投影planar defect surface defect 面缺陷Planar miller index/indices面指数dislocation 位错Diagonal 对角的vacancy 空位Perpendicular 垂直的interstitial 间隙的Family of directions 晶向族substitutional 替换的置换的Family of planes 晶面族Grain boundary 晶界Lattice point 阵点Stacking faults 堆垛层错metallography 金相学Anti-phase 反相Toughness 韧性Twin boundary 孪晶界Stiffness 刚性Edge dislocation 刃位错ductility 延展性可锻性Screw dislocation 螺位错strengthen 强度Mixed dislocation 混合位错Compact 压制sintering 烧结Edge 棱边translation 平移Packing factor 堆垛密度C2 Solidification of metals Solidify solidification 凝固nuclei 核核心Free energy 自有能Kinetic energy 动能bronze 青铜Brass 黄铜Surface free energy 表面自由能nucleation 形核Critical 临界的undercooling 过冷Homogeneous nucleation 均匀形核Heterogeneous nucleation 非均匀形核impurity 杂质Interface 界面diffusion 扩散Latent heat 潜热Cooling 冷却growth 生长Dendritic growth 树枝晶生长Cast casting 铸造铸件Chill zone 激冷区Column zone 柱状区Equiaxed zone 等轴区shrinkage 收缩Gas porosity 气孔Interdendritic shrinkage 枝晶间收缩Favorable orientation 择优取向Fine grain 细晶Galvanized sheet steel 电镀锌钢板Preferred growth 择优生长Planar growth 平面生长supercooling 过冷superheating 过热Embryo 晶胚Chapter 3 Plastic deformation and recrystallize Plastic deformation 塑性变形Recrystallize recrystallization 再结晶load 载荷strain 应变stress 应力Elastic deformation 弹性变形