隧道的结构构造

永久支护结构
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
第4章

洞门 明洞
隧道结构构造
洞身衬砌
斜井与竖井 内装、顶棚与路面 隧道的防水与排水
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
4.1.1 衬砌结构的类型
(1) 直墙衬砌 (5) 偏压衬砌
(2) 曲墙式衬砌
(3) 喷锚衬砌 (4) 复合衬砌
(6) 喇叭口衬砌
(7) 圆形断面衬砌 (8) 矩形断面衬砌
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
（1）直墙式衬砌
适用条件： 垂直围岩压力为大、水平围岩压力小的情况下；
一般适用于Ⅱ、Ⅲ级围岩，有时也可用于Ⅳ 级围岩. 割圆拱：r1=r2、坦三心圆拱:r1>r2、尖三心圆拱 :r1<r2
(1)
端墙式洞门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
(2)翼墙式洞门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
(3)环框式洞门－削竹式洞门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
(二) 洞门的基础
1、洞门端墙、翼墙、挡土墙基础必须置于稳 固地基上，基底松碴应清除干净，以防止滑 动和不均匀沉陷。
翼墙式隧道门造型
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
遮光棚式洞门图2
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
翼 墙 式 隧 道 门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
(5) 喇叭口隧道衬砌
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
(6) 圆形断面隧道
为了抵御膨胀性围岩压力，山岭隧道 也可以采用圆形或近似圆形断面; 盾构法 沉管法施工的隧道。
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
4.2.2
洞门的形式
（1）端墙式洞门 （2）翼墙式洞门 （3）环框式洞门 （4）台阶式洞门 （5）遮光棚式洞门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
（3）喷混凝土衬砌、喷锚衬砌及复合式衬砌
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
(4)偏压衬砌 当山体地面坡陡于 l ： 2.5 ，线路外侧山体覆盖较薄 ，或于地质构造造成的偏压，衬砌为承受这种不对称 围岩压力而采用
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
柱式路堑明洞隧道门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
翼墙式路堑明洞隧道门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
(7)矩形断面衬砌 沉管法、明挖法施工时，广泛采用矩形断 面衬砌
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
(4)台阶式洞门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
(5) 遮光棚式洞门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
4.2 洞门
4.2 洞门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
4.2 洞门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
4.2 洞门
4.2.3 洞门的构造要求
1．仰坡坡脚至洞门端墙顶帽背的 水平距离，一般不小于1.5m。 2．洞门端墙顶宜高出仰坡坡脚不 小于0.5m。 3．洞门端墙与仰坡之间水沟沟底 至衬砌拱顶外缘的高度，一般 不小于1m。 4．一般隧道门端墙、翼墙、挡土 墙设计为仰斜式墙身时，墙背 坡度不宜缓于1: 0.3。
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4.1.2 支护结构 初期支护结构
永久支护结构
▲初期支护(一次支护):木 支撑、型钢支撑、格栅支 撑、锚喷支护等。
▲永久支护(二次支护、二 次衬砌) :整体衬砌、复合 式衬砌、拼装衬砌及锚喷 衬砌等4种。
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
4.2.2
洞门的形式
（1）端墙式洞门 （2）翼墙式洞门 （3）环框式洞门 （4）台阶式洞门 （5）遮光棚式洞门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
4.2 洞门
4.2.1 洞门的概念及其作用 4.2.2 洞门的形式
4.2.3 隧道洞门构造
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
4.1.1 衬砌结构的类型
(1) 直墙衬砌 (5) 偏压衬砌
(2) 曲墙式衬砌
(3) 喷锚衬砌 (4) 复合衬砌
(6) 喇叭口衬砌
(7) 圆形断面衬砌 (8) 矩形断面衬砌
隧道 结构 构造
附属构 造物
洞门构 造物
明洞
通风 照明 排水、消防、通讯等
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
4.1 洞身衬砌
（1）洞身衬砌的类型
（2）支护结构
4.1.1 衬砌结构的类型
衬砌结构形式，主要根据地质地形条 件，考虑结构受力的合理性、施工方法 等因素来确定。
单 压 式 明 洞 隧 道 门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
削竹式隧道门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
削竹式隧道门图2 高速公路 削竹式隧道门
端墙式洞门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
柱式洞门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
柱式洞门图式2
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
半 路 堑 偏 压 明 洞 隧 道 门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
半 路 堑 单 压 式 明 洞 隧 道 门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
（2）曲墙式衬砌
适用条件：通常用在Ⅳ 级以下的围岩水平 压力较大 的情况下
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
洞门的构造要求
5. 洞门端墙、翼墙和挡土墙截面厚度应满足 规范要求。
6．洞门端墙、翼墙和挡土墙应根据情况设置 伸缩缓和沉降缝。
7．洞门翼墙和挡土墙身应设置泄水孔。
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
洞门的构造要求
初期支护结构
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
初期支护结构
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
初期支护结构
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
主讲：乔雄
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
学习本章的要求：
（1）掌握公路隧道的洞身结构、洞门结 构、明洞结构和防排水设施的构造原理
（2）了解公路隧道斜井与竖井、内装修
与路面结构
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
台阶洞门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
台阶洞门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
翼墙式洞门
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
第4章

洞门 明洞
隧道结构构造
洞身衬砌
斜井与竖井 内装、顶棚与路面 隧道的防水与排水
School of civil engineering of Lanzhou University of Technology
主体构 造物
洞身 衬砌
洞身衬砌的平、纵、横断面的形 状由道路隧道的几何设计确定 衬砌断面的轴线形状和 厚度由衬砌计算决定
4.2.1 洞门的概念及其作用
※ 洞门的概念：洞门是隧道两端的外露部分，也是联
系洞内衬砌与洞口外路堑的支护结构。
※ 洞门的主要作用 ① 保证洞口边坡的安全和仰坡的稳定； ② 汇集在洞口附近的仰、边坡上的地表水，并引离隧 道，减少洞口土石方开挖量；
③ 作为隧道的标志性建筑物，应与隧道的规模、使用
特性以及周围建筑物、地形条件等要相协调 。