乔布斯,英文笔记,2013.3.13

2013.3.13

But by the early 1970s a shift was under way. “Computing went from being dismissed as a tool of bureaucratic control to being embraced as a symbol of individual expression and liberation,” John Markoff wrote in his study of the counterculture’s convergence with the computer industry, What the Dormouse Said. It was an ethos lyrically expressed in Richard Brautigan’s 1967 poem, “All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace,” and the cyberdelic fusion was certified when Timothy Leary declared that personal computers had become the new LSD and years later revised his famous mantra to proclaim, “Turn on, boot up, jack in.” The musician Bono, who later became a friend of Jobs, often discussed with him why those immersed in the rock-drugs-rebel counterculture of the Bay Area ended up helping to create the personal computer industry. “The people who invented the twenty-first century were pot-smoking, sandal-wearing hippies from the West Coast like Steve, because they saw differently,” he said. “The hierarchical systems of the East Coast, England, Germany, and Japan do not encourage this different thinking. The sixties produced an anarchic mind-set that is great for imagining a world not yet in existence.”

∙dormouse ['dɔ:maus;'dɔ:ˌmaus]

n. 榛睡鼠复数为dormice

∙liberation [ˌlibə'reiʃən]

n. 解放，解放运动（为获得平等权利和地位的行为）

∙embrace [im'breis]

n. 拥抱v. 拥抱,互相拥抱,包含

∙lyrically

adv. 抒情诗性地

∙convergence [kən'və:dʒəns]

n. 汇聚,汇合点,收敛

∙ethos['i:θɔs]

n. 民族精神，道德风貌，思潮信仰

∙counterculture ['kauntə'kʌltʃə]

反传统［主流］文化(60和70年代在美国青少年中盛行的一种思潮)

∙bureaucratic [bjuəˌrəu'krætik;ˌbjurə'krætik]

adj. 官僚的，繁文缛节的

∙Timothy ['timəθi]

n. 梯牧草，猫尾草(牧草之一种) Timothy n. [圣经]提摩太

∙immerse [i'mə:s]

vt. 浸,陷入

∙musician [mju:'ziʃən]

n. 音乐家，作曲家

∙proclaim [prə'kleim]

vt. 正式宣布, 公布, 声明, 赞扬, 显示出

∙mantra ['mʌntrə, 'mæn-]

颂歌, 咒语(尤指四吠陀经典内作为咒文或祷告唱念的)

∙fusion ['fju:ʒən]

n. 融合物,结合,融合

∙revise [ri'vaiz]

n. 校订, 修正, 再校稿v. 校订, 修正, 校正

∙rebel ['rebəl [v.] rɪˌbel]

n. 叛徒,起义者vi. 造反,反抗,反感adj. 造反的,反抗的,反叛者的∙hierarchical [ˌhaiə'rɑ:kikl;'haiə'rɑ:kikəl]

adj. 按等级划分的

∙anarchic [æn'ɑ:kik]

adj. 无政府状态的, 无法无天的，杂乱无章的

∙mind-set

n. 思想倾向，心态

∙sandal ['sændl;'sændəl]

n. 便鞋, 凉鞋

One person who encouraged the denizens of the counterculture to make common cause with the hackers was Stewart Brand. A puckish visionary who generated fun and ideas over many decades, Brand was a participant in one of the early sixties LSD studies in Palo Alto. He joined with his fellow subject Ken Kesey to produce the acid-celebrating Trips Festival, appeared in the opening scene of Tom W olfe’s The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, and worked with Doug Engelbart to create a seminal sound-and-light presentation of new technologies called the Mother of All Demos. “Most of our generation scorned computers as the embodiment of centralized control,”Brand later noted. “But a tiny contingent—later called hackers—embraced computers and set about transforming them into tools of liberation. That turned out to be the true royal road to the future.”

∙hacker ['hækə]

n. 黑客，能盗用或偷改电脑中信息的人，电脑高手

∙seminal ['seminəl]

adj. 精液的, 种子的, 生殖的，创新的，有创意的

∙participant [pɑ:'tisipənt]

adj. 参与的n. 参加者,参与者

∙festival ['festəvəl]

adj. 节日的,喜庆的,快乐的n. 节日,庆祝及祭祀,欢宴

∙visionary ['viʒənəri]

adj. 幻影的, 幻想的,有远见卓识的n. 空想家, 梦想者，预言家

∙denizen ['denizn]

n. 居民，栖息者，外籍居民，外来动植物，老主顾

∙puckish ['pʌkiʃ]

adj. 爱恶作剧的，精灵似的，淘气的，顽皮的

∙Centralize ['səntrəlaiz;'sentrəlˌaiz]