英语专题讲解——-形容词(最终版)

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★形容词的作用★

1. 形容词作表语

The Summer Palace is very beautiful.颐和园非常美丽。

2. 形容词作宾语补足语

We found the text very difficult. 我们觉得这篇课文很难。

You should keep your class room clean. 你们应该保持教室清洁。

3. 形容词相当于副词,作状语

We arrived at home very late,sate and sound.我们到家很晚,安然无恙。

He came home,dead tired. 他回到家来,累得要死。

4. 形容词作定语

This is beautiful rose. 这是二朵美丽的玫瑰花。

Let me tell you something interesting.我来告诉你一些有趣的事。

注意:

(一)形容词作定语的位置

(1)修饰something,anything,everything,nothing,everyone, anybody

等复合不定代词时要后置。

如:Is there anything important in the article?

这篇文章里有什么重要的东西吗?

There is something difficult in the lesson.

这堂课里有些东西很难。

(2)形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,要后置。

如:He is a worker worthy of praise.

他是一个值得表扬的工人。

It is a problem difficult to solve.

这是一个难于解决的问题。

(3)and或or连接的两个形容词通常后置,起强调作用。

如:We will turn our motherland into a country,strong and modern. 我们要把我们的国家建设成一个强大的现代化的国家。

Power stations,large and small,have been set up all over the country. 在全国各地建了大大小小的发电站。

Every nation,big or small,has it's strong points and weak points. 每个民族,无论大小,都有自己的优点和缺点。

(4)修饰指示代词those的形容词放在它后面。

如:Those present were a11 surprised at the news.

=Those who were present were all surprised at the news. 在场的人得知那个消息都不胜诧异。

Among those invited were some women.

=Among those who were invited were some women.

在被邀请的人中有些是妇女。

(5)else常置于不定代词和疑问代词之后。

如:Was anybody else absent? 还有谁缺席了?

What else do you want? 你还想要什么?

(6)形容词enough可置于名词的前面或后面。但修饰副词时只能后置。

如:I have enough money/money enough to buy a car.

我有足够的钱买辆车。

He can run fast enough to catch a bus.

他跑得很快足以赶上公共汽车。

(7)多个形容词用来修饰同一名词时,一般按照各形容词与被修饰词间的紧密程度排列,关系越紧密,越靠近被修饰词。

如:that very well-mannered young child

那个很有礼貌的小孩

that warm red silk dress那件暖和的红绸衣服

注意:

(二)不同层次的形容词作定语时,一般按下列词序排列:

限定词→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示形状的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→表示用途、类别的形容词或分词、名词→+名词中心词。如:a beautiful small round old black French wooden writing desk.

小窍门

贤婿激官妒,行令宴国才。

(贤→限定词,婿→序数词,激→基数词,官→外观(评价),妒→度量(大小,长短、高低),行→形状,令→年龄,宴→颜色,国→国籍,才→材料。)

e. g. a dirty brown wooden table

an expensive Japanese sports car

a well-known German medical school

those tall young British policemen

拓展训练

①Mr Smith, __________of the __________ speech,started to read a novel.

A. tired;boring

B. tiring;bored

C. tired; bored

D. tiring; boring

点拨:A。boring是前置定语,修饰speech。tired of短语作后置定语,相当于一个非限定性定语从句who was tired of the boring speech,修饰Mr Smith.

②—Have you got my c-mail today?

—Oh,there's、______________with my computer. It doesn’t work.

A. something wrong

B. anything wrong

C. nothing wrong

D. everything wrong

点拨:A句意是:“你今天有没有收到我的电子邮件?”“哦,我的电脑出了些毛病,坏了;”肯定句中不定代词要用something,形容词wrong要放在不定代词的后面作后置定语。

③I have always done it this way and I do not know ______________it could be done.

A. what else

B. how

C. how other

D. how else

点拨:D 因know后面是被动结构,不缺宾语,可排除A;other不能与疑问副词how连用,可排除C;再根据句意“我总是用这种方法,但不知道还能另外怎么做”,可排除B,否则全与前句产生矛盾。

④(2005·北京)This ______________ girl is Linda's cousin.

A. Pretty little Spanish

B. Spanish little pretty

C. Spanish pretty little

D. little pretty Spanish

点拨:A本题考查多个形容词作定语时的排序问题。几个形容词修饰一个名词时,按“限定词+数词+描绘词+特征词+类属词+名词”的顺序,依次应为pretty(描绘形容词),little(特征形容词),Spanish(类属形容词中的专有形容词);句意是:这个漂亮的西班牙小姑娘是琳达的表妹。

⑤The dish tastes ________________ Don't you think so?

A. good

B. well

C. fine

D. pleased

点拨:A taste是连系动词,后面常接形客词作表语。well作形容词时表示“身体好的”;fine表示“外表好看”;pleased表示“喜悦”句意是:这菜尝起来不错,你不这样认为吗,此处选good作表语,也可用nice或delicious.

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