医学免疫学试卷和答案

苏州大学《免疫学》C卷一、选择题（共10题每题1分）1.免疫防御功能低下的机体易发生A、反复感染B、肿瘤C、超敏反应D、自身免疫病E、免疫增生病2.下列生物制品中对人无免疫原性的物质是A、人血浆丙种球蛋白B、动物来源的抗毒素C、类毒素D、干扰素E、胰岛素3. 3-6个月的婴儿易患呼吸道感染主要是因为缺乏A、IgM类抗体B、IgG抗体C、SIgA类抗体D、IgD抗体E、IgE类抗体4．决定Ig的类和亚类的部位是A．VL十VH B．VL十CL C．铰链区D．CHE．CL5.具有趋化作用的补体裂解产物是A、C3b C5b67B、C4a D5b C5b67C、C2aC2Bc4aD、C3a C4bE、C5a6.下列细胞中，具有抗原呈递作用的是A、NK细胞B、巨噬细胞C、肥大细胞D、噬酸性细胞E、噬碱性细胞7. 能特异性杀伤靶细胞的细胞是A、TH细胞B、Tc细胞C、NK细胞D、巨噬细胞E、中性粒细胞8. 对T细胞有增殖分化作用的细胞因子是A、IL-1B、IL-2C、IL-3D、G-CSFE、TGF-β9. 下列哪种摄取抗原的方式是巨噬细胞所不具备的？A、非特异性吞噬颗粒性抗原B、非特异性吞饮可溶性抗原C、被动吸附抗原D、借助抗原识别受体摄取抗原10. 活化后能产生IL－2和IFN－γ的细胞是A.CD4+TH2细胞B.活化的巨噬细胞C.树突状细胞D. CD4+TH1细胞二、名词解释(每题5 分,共50 分,请用英文回答)1. epitope2. clonal selection3. complement4. ADCC5. MHC 6．Monoclonal antibody 7．AICD8．Immune tolerance9. oncofetal antigens10.BCR complex三、问答题（共40分）1．免疫系统的组成和功能（8分）2．详述T细胞活化的信号要求（10分）3．有证据表明：机体对肿瘤抗原能产生宿主抗肿瘤免疫应答。

然而，假如不给与治疗，大多数肿瘤生长并最终导致患者死亡。

如何解释这一自相矛盾的现象。

（10分）4. 从一个正常个体外周血中分离出NK 细胞。

然后，与同位素标记的靶细胞（一种肿瘤细胞）混合，检测记录靶细胞裂解情况，以反应NK 细胞的杀伤功能。

检测结果如下表：（12分）NK 细胞杀伤靶细胞实验结果处理方案细胞裂解（％）不加NK 细胞 4加入NK 细胞12NK 细胞＋抗靶细胞抗体67加入纯化的穿孔素95请问：（1）NK细胞的生物学特征和功能（4分）（2）为什么NK细胞能对靶细胞显示部分杀伤功能？加入抗靶细胞抗体可以使NK细胞的细胞毒作用增强的原因是什么（5 分）？（2）请解释加入纯化穿孔素后的检测结果（3 分）。

答案：一、AACDE BBBCD二、名词解释1. Epitope: Antigen molecules each have a set of antigenic determinants, also called epitopes. Epitopes are molecular shapes recognized by antibodies and T cells of the adaptive immune system.2. Clonal selectionEach lymphocyte is genetically programmed to be capable of recognizing essentially only one particular antigen. When an antigen binds to the cell that can recognize it, it is induced to proliferate rapidly. Within a few days there are a sufficient number to mount an adequate immune response. In another words, the antigen selects for and generates the specific clones of its own antigen-binding cells, a process called clone selection. In brief: clone selection involves recognition of antigen by a particular lymphocyte, this lead to clonal expansion and differentiation to effector and memory cells.3. Complement:The complement system is an important component of innate immunityIt can be activated by the classical and alternative pathways, both pathways will eventually lead to the lytic pathway which featured by the formation of MAC.Function of complement: anaphylaxis (C3a,C5a), chemotaxis (C5a)，opsonization (C3b,C4b), lysis (C56789)4. ADCC：ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY – The linking of antibody bound to target cells (virus infected cells, or some tumor cells) with FcR of natural killercells (NK cells), neutrophils, macrophages,or eosinophils can result in killing of the target cell.5.MHC：major histocompatibility complex (1)It was identified that the histocompatibility which means the ability to accept grafts from another individual depended on the donor and recipient sharing the same MHC gene type. (2)It was proved then that the gene is a very large, containing more than 100 separate gene loci, but the molecules which determine graft rejection are a limited group termed class I and class II MHC genes. It turns out that virtually all MHC class I and II genes map near to each other on a single chromosome. That's where the term, major histocompatibility complex comes from. (2)6．Monoclonal antibody: In 1975, Kohler and Milstein developed a procedure to create cell lines producing predetermined, monospecific and monoclonal antibodies. The basic technology involves fusion of an immortal cell (a myeloma tumor cell) with a specific predetermined antibody-producing B cell from immunized animals or humans. The resulting hybridoma cell is immortal and synthesizes homogeneous, specific, mAb which can be made in large quantities.7．AICD: activation induced cell death. Fas/FasL interaction is directly responsible for AICD. This may of primary benefit in maintaining immunological as well as physiological homeostasis by eliminating unnecessary cells through apoptosis. Activated T lymphocytes can express both the receptor protein Fas and its ligand FasL, whereas B cells mainly express Fas. Fas/FasL interaction leads to cell death.8．Immune tolerance Tolerance refers to an antigen induced specific unresponsiveness。

It is an antigen-induced, active process。

（3）Like immunologic response, it is antigen specific。

Like immunologic response, it can exist in B cells, T cells or both。

Like immunologic response, its easier to induce and lasts longer in T cells than in B cell。

（2）9. Oncofetal antigens are thus not TSA nor is their present, even at high concentration, in the serum diagnostic of cancer, because high levels can result from non-neoplastic diseases including chronic inflammation of the bowel or cirrhosis of the liver. However, the quantitation of these molecules in the serum can be used to evaluate the tumor burden and effectiveness of drug treatment10. . BCR-Igα/βcomplexB cell receptor is membrane-bound immunoglobulin IgM, the function of BCR is to recognize antigen signals and then actives Each chain has a constant region and a variable region, similar to an antibody. A BCR complex is composed of one BCR, plus 2 Igɑ/Igb complex which is involved in cell signalling for B cell activation. The BCR-Igα/βcomplex recognizes and bind antigens and send antigen signals to the nuclear of B cells.三、问答题（共40分）1．免疫系统的组成和功能（8分）免疫器官按发生顺序及功能分为中枢免疫器官)和周围免疫器官(1分)。