牛津上海版7A情态动词基本用法专项讲解及练习(有答案)

情态动词基本用法
一、基本概念及特征
二、基本分类
只作情态动词的有：must, can (could), may (might)
可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need ，dare
可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：will (would), shall (should)
具有情态动词某些特征的有：have to, ought to ，had better
三、用法详解
1、情态动词基本用法
1）can/could
表示能力，意为“能、会”。

Two eyes can see more than one.
Could the girl read she went to school?
⑵ 表示请求或允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以”，相当于may 。

You can go now.
Can I have a look at your new pen?
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.
⑶较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。

Can (Could) you lend me a hand?
注意：情态动词的过去式除了表示过去的时间这一用法外，更多时候表达一种比原形更为委婉客气的语气。

尤其在出现在宾语从句主句中时，并不影响从句的时态。

练习：用can 或could 填空.
1)I'm really hungry. I_____________ eat a horse!
2)It's so nice here. I ____________ stay here all day but I have to go.
3)"I can't find my bag. Have you seen it?" "No, but it_____________ be in the car."
4)Peter is a musician. He plays the violin and he____________ also play the piano.
5)The weather is nice now but it_____________change later.
keys: 1) could 2) could 3) could 4) can 5)could
2）may/might
⑴表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。

You may take whatever you like.
He told me that I might smoke in the room.
May (Might) I ask for photo your baby?
⑵表示祝愿，常用于倒装结构中：
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
May all your dreams come true! 愿你梦想成真！
练习：选择最佳答案填空：
1)—______________ I borrow your MP3?
—Sure. Here you are.
A. May
B. Should
C. Must
D.
Would
2)Y o u ______________ go and ask Meimei. She _____________ know the answer.
A. must; can
B. must; may
C. need; can
D. can;
may
3)I'm not sure if I'll be free then. I ______________ working that weekend.
A. must be
B. should be
C. may be
D. can
be
4)—_____________ I visit Lucy on Sunday, Mum?
—Yes, you____________ .
A. Must; can
B. May; may
C. Need; need
D.
May; need
5)Peter _____________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must
B. may
C. can
D.
Will
【Keys】4. 1)A 2) D 3) C 4) B 5) B
3）must
⑴表示“必须”、“应当”。

We must love our country.我们要热爱祖国。

I must take a day off tomorrow.我明天必须请一天假。

⑵must的否定式（mustn’t）表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”等，语气比较强烈。

You mustn’t speak loudly in the library.不许在图书馆大声喧哗。

We mustn’t waste our time.我们不应该浪费时间。

4）need
⑴作情态动词时，接动词原形。

仅用于否定句和疑问句，否定直接加not（needn’t）
—Need we leave soon?
—Yes, you must.(No, you needn't)
You needn't have hurried.
(2)作实义动词时，接带to的不定式。

否定和疑问借助助动词完成（如did you need？didn't need）
He needs to see a doctor.
They didn't need to start so early.(do not need to do)
练习：选择填空。

1. Students wear uniforms at school.
A. must
B. can
C. may
D. need
2. We talk or speak loudly in public places like hospitals, libraries or cinemas.
A, needn’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. don’t.
3. you tell me how to improve my memory?
A. Do
B. Can
C. Must
D. Should
4. I neither read nor write at that time.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. could
5. The conductor said I get off at the next stop.
A. must
B. had to
C. have to
D. would have to
6. You talk so loud.
A. don’t have
B. needn’t
C. don’t need
D. not need
7. Children cross busy streets to go to school.
A. haven’t to
B. don’t have
C. don’t have to
D. not have to
8. —Can children under the age of ten ride bicycles in the city?
——No. According to the law, they .
A. may not
B. needn’t
C. mustn’t
D. shouldn’t
9. Must I water the flowers today?
— . It’s going to rain.
A. No, you needn’t
B. No, you can’t
C. No, you may not.
D. Yes, you must
10. — I park my car here?
—Sorry, l’m afraid you .Can you see the sign “No Parking” here?
A. Can... can
B. Need... may not
C, May... can’t D. May... needn’t
keys: 1-5 ABBDD 6-10 BCCAC
5）shall
表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。

Shall I get some tea?
Shall the boy wait outside?
What shall we do this evening?
6）will
⑴表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。

I will do anything for you.
None is so blind as those who won’t see.
⑵表请求，用于疑问句。

Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.
Won’t you drink some more coffee?
（2）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。

Fish will die out of water.
The door won’t open.
7）would
⑴表意愿。

I said I would do anything for you.
⑵表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。

Would you like another glass of beer?
Would you mind cleaning the window?
They wouldn’t have anything against it.
⑶表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。

Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
8）should
⑴表义务。

意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。

You should be polite to your teachers.
You shouldn’t waste any time.
9）ought to
⑴表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。

You are his father. You ought to take care of him.
You oughtn’t to smoke so much.
⑵表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。

Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.
There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
练习：选择填空。

1. He eat so greedily.
A. shouldn’t to
B. ought to not
C. ought not
D. oughtn't to
2. Let’s play table tennis, ?
A. will we
B. shall we
C. shan’t we
D. will you.
3.— you please take a message for him?
-Sure.
A. Will
B. Shall
C. Ought
D. Should
4. Please erase the words and phrases from the blackboard after class, ?
A. can you
B. will you
C. do you
D. don’t you
5. — you turning down the radio a bit?
-Not at all.
A. Would... mind
B. Would…like
C. Will…you
D. Had... better
6. ---we have a word with Susan?
---Yes, we talk to him.
A. Shall...shall
B. Shall…should
C. Should…shall
D. Should... should
7. —I go there alone?
—Yes，you ought.
A. Do…ought
B. Will…ought
C. Ought... to
D. Ought…/
8. ---you to have some pudding?
—Yes, please.
A. Had. . . better
B. Ought.../
C. Would…like
D. Would…mind
9. You’d better you know when you don’t and it’s better for an electrician.
A. not to pretend... to send
B. not pretend…send
C.not to pretend…send
D. not pretend…to send
10. —Shall I tell Michael about the news?
—No, you . He’s already known it.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. don’t
keys: 1-5 DBABA 6-10 BCCDC
练习一
I Choose the best answer.
1)— May I take this magazine out of the reading room?
—_____________ . Please read it here.
A. Certainly
B. No, you needn't
C. No, you can't
D. No,
you may not
2)Many of the stars____________ because they are far away from us.
A. may not see
B. cannot be seen
C. mustn't be seen
D.
needn't see
3)— Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li?
—No, it_____________ be him. Mr Li is much taller.
A. can't
B. may not
C. mustn't
D.
needn't
4)I have my own room in my house, so I______________ do whatever I want in it.
A. must
B. have to
C. need to
D. can
5)— _____________ I speak to Jill, Mrs Black?
—Sorry, she's not in. She _____________ be back after five.
A. May; need
B. Can; may
C. Can; must
D.
Must; may
6)— Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?
—I'd love to. But I'm afraid I _____________ . I have too much work to do.
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. needn't
D.
may not
7)— Could I borrow your dictionary?
—Yes, of course you_____________ .
A. might
B. will
C. can
D.
should
8)She didn't know where she ______________find wild roses.
A. may
B. could
C. can
D. is
able
9) ____________ you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down the telephone number.
A. Need
B. Could
C. Must
D.
Should
10)—_____________ I fill in the check-in form right now, sir?
— No, you needn't. You can complete it this afternoon.
A. May
B. Can
C. Would
D.
Must
11)Y ou _____________ b e careful with fire when you have a picnic in the forest. It's too dangerous.
A. will
B. must
C. can
D.
may
12)It's a secret between you and me. You _____________ tell anyone about this.
A. must
B. can
C. mustn't
D.
needn't
13)The flowers ______________ every day, or they'll die.
A. must water
B. can be watered
C. should water
D.
must be watered
14)Alice has been in China for several years. She _______________ be a big girl now.
A. need
B. must
C. can
D.
may
15)I'm sorry. I _______________ go now. My father told me on the phone that my mother
was ill.
A. can
B. may
C. have to
D.
think
KEYS: 1) D 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) B 6) A 7) C 8) B 9) B 10)D
11)B 12) C 13) D 14) B 15) C
练习二
I．Choose the best answer.
1. Students________ be careful when they do chemical experiments in the lab.
A. can
B. must
C. need
D. may
2. My mother________ make rice dumplings. She'll teach me how to do it.
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. can
3. —________I fill in the check-in form right now, sir?
— No, you needn't. You can complete it this afternoon.
A. May
B. Can
C. Would
D. Must
4. We________ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves.
A. may
B. should
C. can
D. need
5. Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It________ be very expensive.
A. must
B. can
C. mustn't
D. can't
6. Cars, buses and bikes ________stop when the traffic lights change to red.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. need
7. Computers ________ process difficult problems very, very quickly.
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. can
8. –Must I return the magazine to you right now, Sandy?
--No, you______. You may keep it until next Wednesday.
A needn’t
B can’t
C must
D may
9．To everyone’s surprise, Alex ________play chess very well when he was only four.
A. might
B. should
C. would
D. could
10．Everyone __________go through the security check (安检) when entering the World Expo Park.
A .can B. may C. must D. ought
keys: 1-5 BDDBA 6-10 CDADC。