新概念英语第四册第一单元课文语法

新概念英语第四册第一单元课文语法
Lesson 1 Finding fossil man
We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first ‘modern men’ came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. (NCE Book Four)
【语法项目】where引出的定语从句
【课文原句】We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.
【经典例句】Where there is a life, there is hope.哪里有生命，哪里就有希望。

Where there is water, there is evaporation. 有水的地方就有蒸发。

Make a mark where you have any doubts for questions. 有疑问的地方可以做一个记号。

Where I live there are plenty of sheep. 我住的地方羊很多。

She signed to Janey to stay where she was. 她给简打手势，让她呆在原处。

Where others are weak, he is strong. 别人的弱点正是他的优势。

She lives w h ere the climate is mild. 她住在气候温和的地方。

Both planets and animals could not exist where there were no sunlight, water and air. 在没有阳光、水和空气的地方，动植物都不能生存。

A ball moves faster on the field where smooth than where rough. 球在球场光滑的地方比在粗糙
的地方滚动得快。

【语法项目】不定式或从句修饰the way
【课文原句】The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another.
【用法拓展】
唯一的方法是……The only way to do…is to do
唯一的方法是……the only way that you can do…is to do…
最有效的方法是……the most effective way…
最费时的方法是……the most time-consuming way
唯一的解决方案在于……The only solution to the problem lies in…..
【语法项目】状语从句出现在句中
【课文原句】But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten.
【经典例句】I cannot, much as I respect him, agree to his suggestion. 虽然我很敬重他，但不能同意他的建议。

（让步状语从句）
Edison, because he was the first to make these experiments, had to learn many times by the trial and error methods. 因为爱迪生是第一个进行这种实验的人，他不得不通过反复试验进行探索。

（原因状语从句）
She felt, as the minutes passed, that the room was not very light. 随着时间一分一秒地过去，他觉得屋子里不那么亮了。

（时间状语从句）
Your eyes were, if I may say so without giving offense, very much alive. 你的双眼，如果你不见怪的话，那样炯炯有神。

（条件状语从句）
【语法项目】neither…nor…引出的平行结构
【课文原句】So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first ‘modern men’ came from.
【经典例句】
Neither she nor her husband knew it. 她和她丈夫都不知道这事。

（连接具有相同功能的代词和名词）
Gas is a subtance with neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. 气体是一种既没有一定的体积也没有一定形状的物质。

（连接两个名词词组）
Neither in this life nor in the next shall I ever forget your kindness. 不管是今生还是来世我都不会忘了你的好意。

（连接两个介词词组）
It reduces feedback to a minimum, so that the lecturer can neither judge how well students understand the material nor benefit from their questions or comments.它使反馈量减到最低点，致使讲课者既无法判断学生们对教材的理解程度也无法从他们的问题或评论中受益。

（连接两个动词词组）
She believed neither what he had said before nor what he was saying then. 她既不相信他以前说的话也不相信他正在说的话。

（连接宾语从句）
He will read of emperors, who, when they have been addressed in this manner, have neither stormed, nor threatened, nor kicked their ministers, nor thought it majestick to be obstinate in the wrong. 他会读到这样的有关皇帝们的描述，当他们以这种方式被谏议时，他们不会冒火，不会威胁或踢他们的大臣，也不会以坚持错误为荣。

（连接多个谓语动词的过去分词形式）。