北京师范大学教育学考博真题
北大教育学院教育管理(教育博士)考博真题参考书复习资料考试内容考试重点-育明考博
北京大学教育学院教育管理（教育博士）考博指导-育明考博一、2016年考博英语复习资料推荐（育明教育考博分校课程辅导中心）2.1关于考博英语资料虽然说北京大学自己命题，但是考试的难度和题型是非常中规中矩的，和其他学校没有什么大的区别，其实各个学校的考博英语都没有多大的区别。
为什么每一个学校都不公布考博英语的真题呢？很大一个原因就是存在互相抄袭的情况，有的都到了让人叹为观止的地步。
英语这门学科和专业课的准备方法很不相同，英语必须要有实力，我们提倡“高能高分，高分高能”，实力是最重要的。
但是不是让大家漫无目的的学，准备考博英语是有方法的，我们聘请了研究考博英语的专家北外英语系系主任夏岩教授作为考博英语课题组长，在研究各个学校的考题的基础上，发现了各个学校出题很有共性，在此基础上夏教授牵头编写了一套资料，包括词汇、完型、翻译、作文、语法等九部分，凡是用过的同学无不受益匪浅。
其中《考博英语真题解析》这本书已经由河北工业大学出版社正式出版了，这本书是夏岩教授精心挑选的引用率最高的学校的试题，大家务必好好做做，考试的时候说不定就有惊喜。
2.2关于考博英语资料《2016年考博英语复习资料》由育明考博的英语辅导专家组共同编写。
该套资料针对考博英语的题型、考察重点、出题形式、出题范围，并结合了具有代表性的各大院校考博英语试题命题组老师的著作、上课课件以及英语等级考试试题，从而可以在短期内有效地提升广大考生的英语应试能力。
（资料可以邮寄）全套资料目录：（一）、2016版《考博英语真题解析》，育明考博编著河北大学出版社出版，北外教授夏岩主编，育明考博资料中心共同编著。
包含全国20多所具有代表性的院校考博英语真题集最为详尽的答案解析、作文模板，是广大考博人必备的考博英语复习资料。
（二）、考博英语各专项复习资料1.词汇备考资料：（1）考博英语词汇讲义及真题举例（2）博士研究生英语考试大纲重点词汇（3）考博英语高频词汇、短语汇总（4）全国重点院校博士英语词汇真题精选（5）英语教授讲座稿件（考博英语词汇）2.完形填空备考资料：（1）考博英语完形填空讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语完形填空基础夯实练习3.阅读理解备考资料：（1）考博英语阅读理解讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（中级）（3）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（高级）4.翻译备考资料：（1）考博英语翻译讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语翻译重要方法分析（3）考博英语翻译常见单词和词组的正确处理方式（4）考博英语翻译精讲与强化（5）考博英语翻译致胜押题20篇5.写作备考资料：（1）考博英语写作讲义及指导练习（2）育明老师考博英语作文评分等级点评参考（3）考博英语写作各部分优秀参考公式（4）考博英语优秀范文精选（5）育明优秀学员作文笔记精选及写作模板（6）2015考博英语作文押题35篇（三）、精选考博英语命题可参照院校的考博真题及解析1.北京大学考博英语真题解析（一套）2.清华大学考博英语真题解析（一套）3.复旦大学考博英语真题解析（一套）4.中科院考博英语真题解析（一套）5.厦门大学考博英语真题解析（一套）6.同济大学考博英语真题解析（一套）7.武汉大学考博英语真题解析（一套）（四）、2016年考博英语名师押题及解析（共3套）二、北京大学教育博士考博专业课参考书教育管理综合：1.《现代教育学基础》，（日）筑波大学教育学会编，钟启泉译，上海教育出版社20032.《教育哲学》，张楚廷著，教育科学出版社，20063.《高等教育理念》，（英）罗纳德.巴尼特著，蓝劲松主译，北京大学出版社，20124.《教育政策研究基础》，陈学飞主编，人民教育出版社，20115.《大学运行模式》，[美]伯恩鲍姆，别敦荣译，中国海洋大学出版社，20036.《高等教育运行机制研究》，闵维方主编，人民教育出版社，20027.《高等教育系统》，[美]伯顿·克拉克，杭州大学出版社，1994育明教育考博课程部陈老师解析：1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
首都师范大学教育学院考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题
首都师范大学教育学院考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置首都师范大学教育学院共招生14人，有7个专业，分别是教育学原理、课程与教学论、比较教育学、教育技术学、教师教育、基础心理学、发展与教育心理学。
二、考试的科目三、导师介绍劳凯声，北京师范大学教育系教授、博士生导师，北京师范大学教育与心理学院副院长，教育系主任。
学术兼职全国教育学研究会理事；主讲课程硕士生课程：教育学原理专题、教育法学与教育政治学专题、国外教育法研究、中国高等教育体制改革研究；博士生课程：学术思潮与教育研究、教育研究方法论、教育政策分析。
康丽颖：首都师范大学教育学院副院长，教授，博士生导师。
曾在《教育研究》、《比较教育研究》等刊物上发表学术论文50余篇，其中多篇被人大复印资料全文转载。
先后主持和参与主编了第一本反映中国青少年发展状况的蓝皮书，第一本反映未成年人犯罪状况的红皮书。
孟繁华，男，1963年5月生人，汉族，山东人，中共党员，首都师范大学副校长、教授、博士生导师。
兼任北京师范大学教育学部教授、博士生导师。
研究领域：教育经济与管理、教育政策、教师教育邢永富，男，汉族，九三学社，1954年生于河北邯郸，毕业于北京师范大学，现任首都师范大学教育科学学院教授、博士生导师。
长期从事教育学理论研究和教学工作，讲授教育学原理、高等教育学、教育政治学、邓小平教育理论等课程，主要研究教育发展与政策分析、教育可持续发展、公民教育等问题。
傅树京，首都师范大学教师，教授，博士生导师，“教育经济与管理研究所”所长；主要研究领域：教育管理，教育领导，教育制度，公共管理，人力资源管理，组织行为，学校改进，专业发展，教师教育等。
李孔珍：女，博士，副教授，研究方向：教育政策、教育管理，专著：《大学组织管理创新》，山西教育出版社，2008年；主编教材：《教育英语文献选读》，高等教育出版社，2009年薛海平：湖北人，管理学博士，讲师。
毕业于北京大学教育经济与管理专业。
北京师范大学教育学考研真题之考研真题及答案
北师大教育学考研真题之考研真题及答案一、单项选择题：1～45小题，每小题2分，共90分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
对于题目的答案有疑义的，可以进入论坛提问或者关注的微博。
1.关注和探询“谁控制学校”、“谁制定学校管理的政策”、“谁决定教育的伦理、社会和经济目标”、“谁设置课程”的教育理论流派是A. 制度教育学B. 改造主义教育理论C. 存在主义教育理论D. 批判教育学【参考答案】D【解析】批判教育学是20世纪70年代之后兴起的一种教育思潮，主要代表人物是鲍尔斯、金蒂斯、阿普尔、吉鲁，法国的布厄迪尔等。
基本观点是：第一，当代资本主义的学校教育不是一种民主的建制和解放的力量，而是维护现实社会的不公平和不公正的工具，是造成社会差别、社会歧视和社会对立的根源；第二，教育是与社会相对应的，有什么样的社会政治、经济和文化，就有什么样的学校教育机构，社会的政治意识形态、文化样态、经济结构都强烈低制约着学校的目的、课程、师生关系、评价方式等，学校教育的功能就是再生产出占主导地位的社会政治意识形态、文化关系和经济结构；第三，批判教育学的目的就是要揭示看似自然事实背后的利益关系，帮助教师和学生对自己所处的教育环境及形成教育环境的诸多因素敏感起来，即对他们进行“启蒙”，以达到意识“解放”目的，从而积极地寻找克服教育及社会不平等和不公正的策略；第四，教育现象不是中立的和客观的，而是充满着利益纷争的，教育理论研究不能采取唯科学主义的态度和方法，而要采用实践批判的态度和方法。
从题干的角度出发，选择D。
2.如下现象属于教育范畴的是A. 爸爸针对小明懦弱的个性设法训练小明如何以牙还牙报复欺侮者B. 妈妈指导小明在与他人冲突中如何保护自己C. 老师严格管理以保护小明等弱小学生不再受欺负D. 小明在与同学的多次冲突中逐渐学会了如何与人和睦相处【参考答案】B【解析】教育的定义具有广义和狭义的区分，广义的教育指的是，凡是有目的的地增进人的知识技能，影响人的思想品德，增强人的体质的活动，不论是有组织的或是无组织的，系统的或是零碎的，都是教育。
北师比较教育学考博真题答案-育明考博
北京师范大学教育学部比较教育学考博备考资料-育明考博一、北京师范大学教育学部考博招生情况统计（育明考博）二、北京师范大学比较教育学考博招生情况（育明考博）专业方向复试人数/招生人数复试方式040104比较教育学基础教育比较研究高等教育比较研究国际教育与发展教育研究教育政策与管理比较研究14年24人/7人15年17人/6人16年15人/5人专业笔试成绩占30%专业面试成绩占70%外语加试育明教育杜老师解析：1、北京师范大学自2013年为更好选拔博士生生源质量试行“申请-审核”选拔博士生制度，与以往的考试制在考查方式、考查测重点方面都有所区别。
“申请制”不代表不考试，也不代表考试不重要，最终决定能否被录取的还是考试成绩。
选拔流程为提交申请材料-笔试-面试-录取（北师考博真题、资料、辅导咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三.二四一.二二六）。
2、材料审核中重点打分项：个人自述、科研成果（论文、workingpaper、参与课题）、外语水平、本硕院校、博士修习计划3、初审委员会委员及复试小组成员原则上由相关学科领域副教授（含）以上担任，至少5人。
初审：初审满分值为100分。
在初审成绩60分以上(含60分)的考生中，进行成绩排序，并按不低于1：3（即录取名额:复试人数）的比例确定复试名单。
复试：复试包括外语加试、专业笔试和专业面试（含外语口试），满分值为100分，其中，专业笔试成绩占30%、专业面试成绩占70%，外语加试成绩仅记“合格”或“不合格”。
复试考核内容主要包括：专业基础知识、科研潜力、学术水平、外语能力、创新意识与能力等。
复试成绩60分以上（含60分）且外语加试成绩合格的考生有资格进入最后的录取排名。
（北师考博真题、资料、辅导咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三.二四一.二二六）育明教育针对北师教育学院考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
2015年北京师范大学水科学研究院考博招生专业目录 考博真题 考博参考书目 考博资料
第五阶段复习：12 月中旬至考前 整个 12 月大部分学生的心态会比较浮躁，这是一个分出胜负的月份也是产生最大差距的月份， 本月最主要的是保持心态的平和，不要让旁人影响了你，还要让身体保持健康状态。
12 月中旬至 1 月初，仍以测试为主，但密度不会太大，其余时间大部分是自己针对出现的问 题进行最后的查漏补缺。 1 月初至考前 心态调整为主，调好自己的生物钟。
50
50
90
90
360
工程(0852)
45
45
80
90
290
A线 工商 管理 B 线
40
80
150
40
80
140
(1251) B 线适用于提前面试成绩优秀者，以及有 5 年以上工作经验且业绩突
出者
公共管理(1252)
45
105
165
艺术(1351)
45
45
90
90
315
三、民族骨干计划复试分数线
初试成绩总分不低于 245 分。（报考学部（院、系）将不再调高分数要求，达到此线的
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌
官方网站：
开设课程：【网络函授班】 【精品小班】 【高端一对一】 【状元集训营】 【定向保录】
王红瑞 * 王会 肖 王金 生 吴丰昌 H 徐宗 学 许新 宜 鱼京善 * 083002 环 境 工 程
报考学科门类
政治 外国语 业务一 业务二 总分
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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌
官方网站：
开设课程：【网络函授班】 【精品小班】 【高端一对一】 【状元集训营】 【定向保录】
北京师范大学教育经济与管理考博内容答案专业课复习资料真题解析-育明考博
北师大教育经济与管理专业考博考试内部复习资料--育明考博一、北京师范大学教育经济与管理专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心）专业招生人数初试内容复试内容120403教育经济与管理3人①1101英语（100分）②2241微观与宏观经济学（100分）③3374教育经济学（100分）①专业知识和能力（含本学科专业理论知识、分析解决问题的能力、外语听说能力）②综合素质和能力育明考博辅导中心李老师解析：1、北京师范大学教育经济与管理专业考博的报录比平均在7:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有3个研究方向：公共财政与教育财政（王善迈）、教育与劳动力市场（赖德胜）、教育财政（袁连生）。
3、同等学力考生复试笔试加试科目：两门硕士阶段专业基础课、政治理论4、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。
要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。
专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。
5、北师大考博初试外语中不含听力。
6、学院并不指定外语和专业课复习的参考书。
育明教育考博分校针对北京师范大学教育经济与管理专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。
根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。
（北师大考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育李老师叩叩：893.241.226）。
二、北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院历年考博复试分数线（育明考博辅导中心）年份复试成绩要求2013年外语48分专业一60分专业二60分2014年外语45分专业一60分专业二60分2015年外语50分专业一60分专业二60分育明考博辅导中心李老师解析：1、经济与工商管理学院共有7个专业，各专业之间报录比差别还是比较大的，2、根据最新的信息，学院将会逐步增加硕博连读的名额，减少在职定向读博的名额。
北京师范大学课程与教学论任翔、郑国民语文教育考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题
北京师范大学课程与教学论任翔、郑国民语文教育考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置北京师范大学文学院每年招收博士生43人，下设民俗学、课程与教学论、文艺学、语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学、中国古典文献学、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、比较文学与世界文学、中国民间文学，共10个专业。
课程与教学论专业下设任翔、郑国民的语文教育。
二、考试的科目课程与教学论的考试科目为：①1101英语②2295语文教育学③3789语文教育史三、导师介绍任翔：教授，语文教育研究所所长郑国民：北京师范大学教师教育学院常务副院长兼教育学部副部长，博士生导师，教育部国家语文课程标准研制修订组专家，全国中学语文教学专业委员会副理长，北京师范大学版小学语文教材主编。
（北京师范大学各专业考博资料、课程辅导咨询育明教育杜老师QQ：893241226）四、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。
这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。
参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
（北京师范大学各专业考博资料、课程辅导咨询育明教育杜老师QQ：893241226）专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
第二，专题信息汇总整理。
每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。
最后一方面是专业前沿问题。
每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。
第三，专业真题及解析。
专业课的试题都是论述题，答案的开放性比较强。
一般每门专业课都有有三道大题，考试时间各3小时，一般会有十几页答题纸。
2010-2020年北京师范大学研究生考试333教育综合真题
2010年北京师范大学333教育综合真题一、名词解释1.有教无类2.壬戌学制3.做中学4.教学形式阶段论5.横向迁移6.先行组织者二、简客题1.简述教育的社会流动功能及其当代意义。
2.简述活动课程的内涵及特点。
3.如何处理教师主导作用与学生主体性的关系?4.简述德育中教育影响一致性和连贯性原则的内涵及基本要求。
三、论述题1.试论述科举制度与学校教育的关系。
2.试论述个人本位论与社会本位论教育目的的分歧和调和原则。
3.试论述维果茨基的社会文化历史发展理论及其对教育教学的启示。
4.“这种教育，我们或是受之于自然，或是受之于人，或是受之于事物。
我们的才能和器官的内在发展，是自然的教育；别人教我们如何利用这种发展，是人为的教育；我们从影响我们的事获得良好的经验，是事物的教育。
”这段话出自卢梭的《爱弥儿》，请你根据卢梭的教育思想，结合自己的理解，谈谈你对教育的认识。
2011年北京师范大学333教育综合真题一、名词解解1.鸿都门学2.中体西用3.最近发展区4.元认知策略5.苏格拉底法6.道尔顿制二、简答题1.试评“环境决定论”。
2.学校教育中，怎样培养学生的创造力?3.简述德育的疏导原则。
4.教育为什么要“以人为本”?三、论述题1.论述蔡元培的“思想自由，兼容并包”原则及其对北大的改革。
2.论述教学原则中的科学性和思想性统-原则。
3.论述诊断性评价、形成性评价和终结性评价的内涵。
4.论述杜威的教育思想。
2012年北京师范大学333教育综合真题一、名词解释1.京师同文馆2.生活教育3.贝尔一兰卡斯特制4.知识表征5.自我提高内驱力6.恩物二、简答题1.简述教育的政治功能。
2.简述我国教育目的的基本精神。
3.简述课程多样化的内涵。
4.简述启发性教学原则的基本要求。
三.论述题1.试评述孔子的教育实践与思想。
2.论述德育过程是提高学生自我教育能力的过程。
3.评述韦纳的动机理论。
4.材料:“我们要提醒自己，教育本身并无目的。
北京师范大学课程与教学论考研资料-740教育学基础综合真题_.
北京师范大学课程与教学论考研备考-育明考研一北京师范大学教育学部研究生招生情况(育明考研2016北京师范大学教育学部招生目录院系专业招生人数/推免北京师范大学教育学部040101教育学原理18人/11人040102课程与教学论22人/13人040103教育史11人/6人040104比较教育学19人/11人040105学前教育学13人/9人040106高等教育学14人/8人040107成人教育学2人/1人040108职业技术教育学6人/4人040109特殊教育学11人/6人0401Z1教师教育16人/10人0401Z2远程教育7人/4人045116心理健康教育(专硕25人/12人045117科学与技术教育(专硕25人/17人045118学前教育(专硕25人/12人047101教育经济与管理30人/17人078401教育技术学26人/13人081202计算机软件与理论3人/3人北师考研咨询育明教育杜老师企鹅:八九三二四一二二六二、北京师范大学课程与教学论考研分析(育明教育育明杜老师解析:1、课程与教学论专业共设6个研究方向,除推免生外招生9人,属于招生人数比较多的专业。
2、北京师范大学教育学部的报录比在10:1(竞争较激烈3、初试总分:100分政治+100分英语+300分教育学基础=500分复试总分:笔试150分+外语口试50分+面试200分=复试总分400分。
笔试90分为及格分,外语+面试150分为及格分,复试240分为及格分,未达到以上及格线的,不予录取。
录取方式:初试总分+复试总分,分专业从高分往低分依次录取。
优先录取第一志愿考生,调剂考生单独排序。
4、初试成绩中公共课拉开的分差较小,专业课拉开的分差非常大。
大部分考生的专业课分数都集中在150-200分之间。
想要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数,专业课要达到220分。
专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。
2023首都师范大学教育博士英语考试真题
2023首都师范大学教育博士英语考试真题2023 Capital Normal University Doctoral Education English ExamPart I: Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section A: Dialogue ComprehensionListen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer for each question.1. What is the man's favorite leisure activity?A. Reading booksB. Watching moviesC. Playing sportsD. Listening to music2. How does the woman feel about the new restaurant?A. ImpressedB. DisappointedC. IndifferentD. Excited3. Where does the conversation most likely take place?A. At a bookstoreB. At a movie theaterC. At a sports stadiumD. At a music concertSection B: Passage ComprehensionListen to the passage and answer the following questions in complete sentences.4. What is the main idea of the passage?5. According to the speaker, what are the benefits of studying abroad?6. How can students overcome cultural differences when studying overseas?Part II: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A: Vocabulary and GrammarRead the sentences and choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.7. The new museum exhibition features a __________ of artwork from different time periods.A. varietyB. diversityC. selectionD. range8. The professor's lecture was so __________ that most students fell asleep halfway through.A. interestingB. boringC. captivatingD. engaging9. In order to succeed in your career, you must __________ strong relationships with your colleagues.A. developB. establishC. createD. formSection B: ComprehensionRead the passage and answer the following questions in complete sentences.10. What is the main idea of the passage?11. According to the passage, what challenges do international students face when studying in a foreign country?12. How can universities help support international students' academic success?Part III: Writing (30 points)Write an essay on the following topic:"Discuss the impact of technology on education in the 21st century. How has technology changed the way students learn and teachers teach? Include specific examples to support your argument."Remember to use clear and organized paragraphs, proper grammar and spelling, and provide detailed examples and evidence to support your points.Good luck on your exam!。
北京师范大学博士入学英语试题及答案详解
北京师范大学考博英语试题及答案解析第一部分：试题Part 1 Listening Comprehension (15%)Part 11 Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C, and D by marking the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise (有氧操). Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize (获利) on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially form the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.16. The word “spas” (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers to _________.A) sports activitiesB) places for physical exerciseC) recreation centersD) athletic training programs17. Early fitness spas were intended mainly for __________.A) the promotion of aerobic exerciseB) endurance and muscular developmentC) the improvement of women’s figuresD) better performance in aerobic dancing18. What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement?A) Positive.B) Indifferent.C) Negative.D) Cautious.19. People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out ________.A) how ell they could do in athleticsB) what their health condition was likeC) what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD) whether they were fit for aerobic exercise20. Recent studies have suggested that weight training __________.A) has become an essential part of people’s lifeB) may well affect the health of the traineesC) will attract more people in the days to comeD) contributes to health improvement as well2Fungi, of which there are over 100,000 species, including yeasts and othersingle-celled organisms as well as the common molds and mushrooms, were formerly classified as members of the plant kingdom, However, in reality they are very differentfrom paints and today they are placed in a separate group altogether, The principal reasonfor this is that none of there possesses chlorophyll, and since they cannot synthesize their own carbohydrates. They obtain their supplies either from the breakdown of dead organic matter or from other living organisms, Furthermore the walls of fungal cells are not madeof cellulose, as those of plants are, but of another complex sugar-like polymer called chitin the material from which the hard outer skeletons of shrimps, spiders, and insects are made. The difference between the chemical composition of the cell walls of fungi andthose of plants is of enormous importance because it enables the tips of the growing hyphac, the threadlike cells of the fungus, to secrete enzymes that break down the walls of plant cells without having any effect on those of the fungus itself It is thesecellulose-destroying enzymes that enable fungi to attack anything made from wood, wood pulp, cotton, flax, or other plant material.The destructive power of fungi is impressive, They are major cause of structure damage to building timbers, a cause of disease in animals and humans, and one of the greatest causes of agricultural losses. Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal attacks both before and after harvesting, Some fungi can grow at+50 oC , while others can grow at-50 oC , so even food in cold storage may not be completely safe from them, On the other hand,fung bring about the decomposition of dead organic matter, this enriching the soil and returning carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, They also enter into a number of mutually beneficial relationships with plants and other organisms In addition, lung are the sourceof marry of the most potent antibiotics used in clinical medicine, including penicillin21. What does paragraph one mainly discuss?A. differences between simple and complex fungiB. functions of chlorophyll in plantsC. functions of sugar in the walls of fungal cellsD. differences between fungi and plants22. Which of the following is mentioned as a major change in how scientists approach thestudy of fungi?A. Fungi are no longer classified as plants.B. Some single-celled organisms are no longer classified as fungiC. New methods of species identification have been introducedD. Theories about the chemical composition of fungi have been revised.23. The skeletons of shrimps, spiders and insects are mentioned in paragraph one because they______.A. can be destroyed by fungiB. have unusual chemical compositionsC. contain a material found in the walls of fungal cellsD. secrete the same enzymes as the walls of fungal cells do24. Fungi have all the following characteristics EXCEPT _______.A. They grow hyphacB. They secrete enzymesC. They synthezise celluloseD. They destroy crops25. The passage mentions “penicillin”(last line) as an example of _______.A. a medicine derived from plantsB. a beneficial use of fungiC. a product of theD. a type of fungi that grows at extreme temperatures3By far the most important United States export product in the 18 th and 19th centurieswas cotton favored by the European textile over flax or wool because it was easyto process and soft to touch. Mechanization of spinning and waving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile industry during this period and at the same timethe demand for cotton increased dramatically. American producers were able to meet this demand largely because of the invention of the coition gin by Eli Whitey in 1793. Cottoncould be grown throughout the South, but separating the fiber—or lint—from the seed wasa laborious process. Sea island cotton was relatively easy to process by hand, because itsfibers were long and seeds were concentrated at the base of the flower, but is demandedlong growing season, available only along the nation’s casterm seacoast .Short-staplecotton required a much shorter growing season, but the shortness of the fibers and theirmixture with seeds meant that a worker could hand-process only about one pound per day Whitney’s gin was a hand-powered machine with revolving drums and metal teeth to pull Cotton fibers away from seeds . Using the gin, a worker could produce up to SO percents ofLint a day The later development of larger gins powered by horses, water or streamMultiplied productivity furtherThe interaction of improved processing and high demand led to a rapid spread of thecultivation of cotton and to a surge in production. It became the main American export dwarfing all others. In 1802 cotton composed 14 percent of total American exports by value Cotton had a 36 percent share by 1810 and over 50 percent share in 1830. In 1860 61 percent of the value of American exports was represented by cotton.In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of American exports in that year Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young republic. The growing market for cotton and other American agricultural products led to an unprecedented expansion of agricultural settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the United States—west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River.26. The main point of the passage is that the 18th and 19th centuries were a time when _________.A. the European textile industry increased its demand for American export productsB. Cotton became the most important American export productC. Cotton became a profitable crop but was still time-consuming to processD. Mechanization for spinning and weaving dramatically changed the textile industry27. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand for cotton EXCPPT______.A. cotton’s softnessB. cotton’s case of processingC. a shortage of flax and woolD. the growth that occurred in the textile industry28. According to the passage, one advantage of Sea island cotton was its _______.A. abundance of seedsB. adaptability to different climatesC. long growing seasonD. long fibers29. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about cotton-production in the United States after the introduction of Whitney’s cotton gin?A. More cotton come from Sea Inland cotton plants than before.B. More cotton came from short-staple cotton plants than beforeC. Most cotton produced was sold domestically.D. Most cotton produced was exported to England.30. According to the passage, the Mississippi River was ______.A. one of the boundaries of a region where new agricultural settlement took placeB. a major source of water for agricultural cropsC. the primary route by which agricultural crops were transportedD. a main source of power for most agricultural machinery4Why do some new products succeed, bringing millions of dollars to innovatingCompanies, while others fail, often with great losses? The answer is not simple, and certainly we cannot say that “good”products succeed while “bad”products fail Many products that function well and seen to meet consumer needs have fallen by the wayside Sometimes, virtually identical products exist in the market at the same time with one emerging as profitable while the other fails, MeNeal Laboratories Tylenol has become successful as an aspirin substitute, yet Bristol-Meyers entered the lest market at about the same time with Neotrent, also a substitute for aspirin, which quickly failedThe nature of the product is a factor in its success of failure, but the important point is the consumer’s perception of the products need-satisfying capability, Any new product conception should be aimed at meeting a customer need, and the introductory promotion should seek to communicate that need-satisfying quality and motivate the customer to try may be soughtHere the company walks a tightrope A new product is more likely to be successful if it represents a truly novel way of solving a customer problem but this very newness, if carried too far, may ask the customer to team new behavior patterns, The customer willmake the change if the perceived benefit is sufficient but inertia is strong and customerswill often not go to the effort that is required, During the late sixties and early seventies Bristol-Meyers met with new product failures that exemplify both of these problems, In1967 and 1968 the company entered the market with a $5 million advertising campaignfor Fact toothpaste, and an $11 million campaign to prorate Resolve, Both productsfailed quickly, not because they didn’t work or because there was no construer need but apparently because consumers just could see no reason to shift from an alreadysatisfactory product to a different one that promised no new benefit.31. The first sentence of the first paragraph is a question to which the answer is ________.A. that the good products succeed while the bad failB. that the “good”are not really good but the “bad”are actually bad.C. that new products will succeed if they function well and fail if they don’tD. not given in the paragraph32. What are Tylenol and Neotrend?A. They are names of twp drug manufacturers.B. They are probably two new brands of medicine which serve as a substitute for aspirinC. Tylenol is a drug manufacturer whereas Neotrend is a new substitute medicine for aspirin.D. They are probably the names of chemists who invented the new medicine33. The success or failure of a product seems to be determined by a number of factors, one of which the author emphasizes is the customer’s perception of the product’s ______.A. quality and priceB. usefulness and durabilityC. need-satisfying capabilityD. appearance and inner packing34. What does the author mean when be says “the company walks a tightrope’(Sentence 1, paragraph 3)?A. The company has both the chance to succeed and to fail in dealing in a new productB. The company has to study customer’s behavior before a new product is introduced.C. The company has to find a new way to solve customers problems before a new product is put on the market.D. The company has to make a great effort to overcome the customer’s inertia35. Bristol-Meyers failed in promoting Fact toothpaste and Resolve because ______.A. these products were too expensive as compared with their direct competitorsB. both products failed to meet the customers’needsC. the customers could see no sense of a radical change of their habitsD. the company forgot an English saying: “You cannot teach an old dog new tricks’5With the release of The piano a powerfully emotional story set in nineteenth-centuryNew Zealand about a woman’s sexual awakening, the New Zealand –born Jane Campionbas established herself as one of the most talented female filmmakers to come upon thescene in recent years .The film not only received praiseful reviews from critics andmoviegoers but won the Cannes Film Festival’s top prize the Palme D’Ot makingCampion the first woman over to be so honored .Campion’s success is notable alsobecause she is a relative newcomer to the film world: the forty-year-old director has madejust three features (including The Piano), a television movie, and a handful of shortsdating from her student days.Although Campion’s films appear at first glance to have little in common—her first feature, Sweetie, is a very honest (some would say cruelly unfeeling) portrait of a dysfunctional family and her second, An Angel at My Table, is a sympathetic biography ofthe New Zealand novelist Janet Frame—each reflects her feeling for strong-willed, often misunderstood women who refuse, or are unable to give themselves up to their respective societies’definitions of womanhood According to David Sterritt writing in the Christian Science Monitor, The Piano “gain much of its effectiveness from Campion’s directing style, which combines the dreamlike atmosphere of her early film Sweetie with thesensitivity to feelings that made her last movie. An Angel at My Table, so extraordinary”Also contributing to the film’s success was Campion’s ability to induce fine performances from her character, ‘She directs actors differently from anyone I’ve ever known ,”SamNeil told Paul Freeman in an interview for the Chicago Tribute “I always felt that therewas a big safety net under her and that I was permitted to take as many risks as I wantedto “Genevieve Lemon, who had played the title role in Sweetie and took the supportingrole of Nessie in The Piano, agreed Campion is already at work on her next project an adaptation of Henry Jaures’s novel The Portrait of a lady.36. The passage is primarily concerned with _______.A. presenting the interrelationships between Campion’s three moviesB. commenting on Jane Campion as a filmmaker and her recent movie, The PianoC. explaining why The Plano was a successD. criticizing Jane Campion and her three movies37. According to the passage, Campion’s three movies share which of the following characteristics?A. All of them seem to be quite commonplace at first glance.B. All of them deal with stories that took place in New Zealand.C. All of them describe a woman who is rebellious against the traditional view of femaleD. Each movie minors the time when the movie was produced.38. It can be concluded that Campion is regarded as one of the most talented filmmakers in recent years because _______.A. the movie that has brought such great honor to her is just the third feature she has producedB. she is only 40 years oldC. she is the first woman who has received such honorsD. she began her movie production from her student days39. It can be inferred from the passage that Campion’s directing style of the hird movie_________.A. is a simple combination of those in her two early moviesB. contributed greatly to the success of the movieC. is much of an imitation of previous onesD. is quite creative40. The author implies that Campion is different from other filmmakers in that_______.A. she is especially good at making the actors perform to the best of their abilityB. she is quite able to assure the actors of their successC. she tends to encourage the actors to take as many risks as possibleD. she always places a big safety net under the actors when directing the movies6Speech—the act of uttering sounds to convey meaning is a kind of human actionLike any other constantly repeated action, speaking has to be learned but once it isLearned, it becomes a generally unconscious and apparently automatic process.As far as we can determine human beings do not need to be forced to speak mostBabies born to possess a sort of instinctive drive to produce speechlike noises How tospeak and what to say are another matter altogether, These actions are learned from the particular society into which the baby is born; so that, like all conduct that is learned froma society—from the people around us—speech is a pattered activity.The meandering babble and chatter of a young child are eventually channeled by imitation into a few orderly grooves that represent the pattern accepted as meaningful bythe people around him. Similarly, a child’s indiscriminate practice of putting things intohis mouth becomes limited to putting food into his mouth in a certain way.The sounds that a child can make are more varied and numerous than the sounds thatany particular language utilizes, However, a child born into a society with a pattern oflanguage is encouraged to make a small selection of sounds and to make these few sounds over and over until it is natural for him to make these sounds and no others.41. For an adult the process of speaking usually involves________.A. conscious selection of soundsB. imitation of those around himC. a drive to make noisesD. unconscious actions42. The selection says that most babies have an instinctive drive to ______.A. express ideas in wordsB. make speechliks noisesC. convey meaningD. imitate sounds around them43. Conduct that is learned from a society may be called________.A. instinctive driveB. selectionC. automatic activityD. patterned activity44. The most important factor in a child’s learning to speak probably is _____.A. repetitionB. selectionC. instinctD. imitation45. The sounds that a child is able to make are _____.A. not as varied as those used in languageB. more varied and numerous than those in any languageC. far fewer than those needed to form a languageD. completely different from the sounds of languagePart III Translation and Writing (55%)Section A Translation (40%)Translate the following into Chinese1) He was taken to the huge medieval fortress at the harbour’s mouth, He found prison life fairly endurable His cell was darup and dark, and the food was bud and insufficient; but his sister soon obtained permission to seed him all the necessaries of life from borne He was kept in solitary confinement and failed to obtain any explanation of the cause of his arrest Nevertheless the tranquil frame of mind in which he had entered the fortress did not change Not being allowed books, he spent his time in prayer and devout meditation, and waited without impatience for the further course of events.2) Industrial engineering involves the application of engineering principles and techniques of scientific management to the maintenance of a high level of productivity at optimum cost in industrial enterprises, In the 1880s F. W. Taylor considered the father ofmodem industrial engineering pioneered in the scientific measurement of work Afternumerous work studies he presented his company with a formula for obtaining maximum production, which was later applied to many manufacturing concerns, The industrial. or science, Among his responsibilities are the selection of tools and materials for productionthat are most efficient and least costly to the company. The industrial engineer may also determine the sequence of production and the design of facilities or factories.Translate the following into English:美国人以两个特殊的日子向父母表示敬意：这便是每年五月第二个星期日的母亲节和六月第三个星期日的父亲节。
北师大教育学考博测试试题
北师大教育学考博试题作者: 日期:2011年比较教育学考博真题：比较教育：1•试从国际比较的角度谈教育发展中的社会参与。
2试从国际比较的角度谈高中教育发展的多样性3•试述博洛尼亚进程”及其对中国高等教育改革的启示。
4•试论比较教育研究的开放性。
教育哲学原理：1•试评述杜威教育即生活”教育思想及其当代意义。
2•试评述新自由主义思潮及其对世界教育改革的影响。
3.试分析知识论变迁对教育的影响。
4•谈谈你对现代学校制度的理解。
2011年教育学原理方向教育学A1.公#意识教育。
2.教育公平与教育效率的解释关系，及其现实意义。
3.当代知识观变革，及其对课程改革的影响。
4.分向论述。
中外教育史Al.lvan lllich《非学校化教育》评述，及其对于学校教育制度改革的意义。
2.陆王心学与程朱理学在教育观点方面的异同。
3.20世纪以来，中国文化教育变迁中的中西体用”问题。
2010年试题集比较教育1.试用比较教育理论分析“民族的就是世界的”观点。
2.试论比较教育研究中的主观性和客观性。
3.试评述全球化时代比较教育在国家和地方教育政策制定过程中的价值。
4.试分析发达国家促进基础教育均衡发展的基本经验。
教育哲学：1.试评述后现代主义教育思潮的学术贡献与局限。
2.试论教育发展中政府、学校与市场的权力关系。
3.试从进步主义及其批判的视角评析我国基础教育课程改革中出现的一些问题。
4.试分析高等教育在创新型国家建设中的作用。
教育学1•当代教育改革蕴藏的价值追求。
2•教育目的与教育制度的关系。
3•信息社会学习方式发生了哪些变化，教育理论与实践如何应对这些变化。
4•我国建国年以来教育学发展的主要历程，取得的成就，存在的问题以及以后的发展趋势。
中外教育史1•孟子和荀子人性观的主要分歧及其教育意义。
2.（暂缺）3•改革开放以来国外哪些教育思想、流派对我国的教育改革产生了影响，表现在哪些方面。
教育学（含中外教育史）：1、阐述当代教育的现代化发在趋势，并评述中国教育现代化？2、简述近代以来教育目的价值取向的主要观点？3、论述中国科举制的产生、发展和考试内容和形式等？、4、论述二战后苏联教育改革与教育理论？教育经济学1、舒尔茨人力资本理论的论证方法和信号理论的观点。
2022年北京师范大学703教育学综合考研真题及答案
2022年北京师范大学703教育学综合考研真题及答案一、名词解释1、融合教育2、“文翁兴学”3、研究设计4、大学区制5、要素主义教育思潮二、简答题6、简述德育中的知行统一原则及其实践要求。
7、简述北宋三次兴学的主要措施。
8、简述我国全面发展教育的组成部分。
9、简述教育研究的基本步骤。
三、论述题阅读材料，回答问题。
材料：基佐的三段话。
(材料缺失)10、材料中所指的法国普及初等义务教育的三个问题是什么?11、述评法国解决这三个问题的基本过程。
12、简述材料中提到的德国、美国、英国初等义务教育普及的基本过程。
13、结合理论和现实，谈谈你对“百年大计，教育为本”的认识。
14、举例说明如何根据学习动机理论激发学生的学习动机。
答案:一、名词解释1、(1)含义：融合教育指一种让大多数残障儿童进入普通班，并促进其在普通班学习的方式。
完全融合指的是特殊儿童不分类别、不分等级皆可融入普通班。
(2)背景：20世纪60年代针对特殊学校和普通学校相隔离的情况而提出。
(3)表现：特殊儿童进入普通学校，与普通儿童一起学习和成长。
(4)意义：①让所有人主动关心特殊儿童，这对普通学生和特殊学生的学业及社会性发展有益；②让特殊学生以后可以在正常社会中生存。
2、(1)含义：“文翁兴学”是汉代地方官学——郡国学的典型代表。
汉景帝时期，蜀郡太守文翁送地方官吏到京师进修，学成后回蜀郡为官或为教，在地方设立学校，培养地方官吏，促进了蜀郡的经济发展，史称“文翁兴学”。
汉武帝对“文翁兴学”极为赞赏，下令各郡国普遍设立学校。
东汉时，郡国学盛极一时。
(2)办学目的：①培养本郡官吏，向朝廷推荐优秀学生；②通过学校举行的“乡饮酒”“乡射”等传统的行礼活动，向社会普遍推行道德教化。
3、(1)含义：研究设计是整个研究工作中重要的一步。
研究设计是否合理完善，不仅直接影响研究的预定目标能否实现，影响研究工作的效率，而且还会影响研究结果的可靠性、科学性。
(2)步骤：提出明确的研究假设；确定具体的研究对象；选择恰当的研究方法；形成完整可行的研究方案。
北京师范大学心理学院发展与教育心理学考博真题-参考书-分数线-分析资料-复习方法-育明考博
中国考博辅导首选学校
北京师范大学心理学院发展与教育心理学考博指导与
分析
一、北京师范大学心理学院考博资讯
北京师范大学心理学院招生人数少于招生导师数，预计招生 21 人，最 终录取结果由院学术委会讨论决定。
（一）考试科目及各方向导师： 1.040202 发展与教育心理学 研究方向 01：认知发展与智力资源开发。导师分别是李庆安、林崇德。 考试的科目： 研究方向 02：情绪发生与发展。导师是陈英和。 研究方向 03：人格与社会性发展评价与咨询。导师分别是寇彧、邹泓。 研究方向 04：家庭研究与治疗。导师是方晓义。 研究方向 05：老年心理学。导师是王大华。
6．攻读博士期间必须能够全脱产学习，该校一般不招收在职博士研究 生。
五、育明考博优秀学员寄语
1，给自己找个必须考博的理由，每天提醒自己要加油; 2，不要太关注别人，关注自己的方法和进度，找到一个适合自己的方法; 3，记住：没有付出即没有收获，你花了多少时间，你就将收获多少。 4，除了睡觉吃饭和必要的休息外，尽量少地浪费时间在参加别人的宣讲会 上; 5，尽量多地利用各方资源，知道地越多，你会看地越清楚; 6，劳逸结合，追求梦想但也要给自己休息时间以恢复气力和更好地思索。 7，静下心来复习，给自己寻找一个安静的心境和安静的环境。
第二部分：翻译.共 40 分，英译汉两个+汉译英一个。
第三部分：写作.共 15 分，按要求完成 250-300 个词的短文。
三、北京师范大学考博英语参考书
“工欲善其事，必先利其器”，育明考博教研部主编的河北大学出版社出
中国考博辅导首选学校
版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的最权威的复习资 料，俗称“考博绿皮书”。全国各大书店以及当当网卓越网均有销售，各位 考生也可以直接联系育明考博购买。需要各大院校历年考博英语/专业课真 题及其解析或想加入育明考博辅导班的考生请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七 或二八九零零六四三五一进行咨询，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六 六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
北京师范大学博士入学考试试卷
北京师范大学博士入学考试试卷Part I Reading ComprehensionSection A (50%)Directions: There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked a),b),c) and d).You should decide on the best choice and circle the letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.31. Money-laundering (洗钱) has been one of the world’s fastest-growing industries over decade despite increasing efforts by the world’s financial authorities to stamp it out. Following is a simple guide to the world of money-laundering.Money-laundering is the process by which money obtained by illegal means is given the appearance of legitimate income and returned into circulation. The word and practice are widely believed to have been invented by the US Mafia (黑手党). As a means of mixing the dirty cash obtained from prostitution, gambling, gun-running, blackmail and its other wicked activities, so that it came out more or less clean, the Mafia bought up and operated large numbers of Laundromats (自助洗衣点). As good cash businesses they were a good means of providing the appearance of honest cash flow.Various techniques can be employed and the means of money-laundering, but they essentially boil down to three stages. Step one: moving the money from the scene of the crime A to a remote location B, ideally in another country, preferably a bank account, if possible one that is anonymous. Step two: disguisingthe trail leading from A to B. Step three: making the cash available to the criminals, along with a plausible explanation of how ti came legally into their possession.Apart from harming the economies that it feeds off, the money-laundering industry is essential to organized crime. As the head of the UN’s crime-fighting wing Pino Arlacchi remarked, organized crime “brutalizes society and diminishes respect for the value like honesty and cooperation upon which succ essful societies are based”. Or as a senior US official said in 1999, “money-laundering may look like a polite form of white-collar crime, but it is the companion of brutality, deceit and corruption.”The liberalization of markets around the world and deregulation(解除管制) of exchange controls are regarded ad the chief causes of the rapid expansion of money-laundering over the past decade. Together they have opened up many more channels for laundering dirty money and provided more opportunities to hide its origins. UN officials believe the most important single measure in eliminating money-laundering is the ending of bank secrecy.1. We know from the passage that money-laundering .a) has almost been stamped out by the world’s financial authorities.b) has grea tly promoted the development of the world’s industries.c) only has a ten-year history but has grown rapidly.d) has expanded rapidly over the past decade.2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “stamp it out” (para.1) in the first p aragraph?a) To put an end to it completely.b) To mark a sign by pressing on it.c) To announce it illegal.d) To do harm to is.3. The reason why the Mafia bought up and ran substantial Laundromats is that .a) the Mafia can carry out large numbers of illegal transactions in them.b) the Mafia has many wicked activities like prostitution and gambling in them.c) the Laundromats can give the dirty cash the appearance of legitimate income.d) the Laundromats is such a profit-making industry that it has attracted the Mafia.4. In money-laundering, money would be moved from the scene of the crime to .a) the financial authoritiesb) the circulation fields.c) Laundromats operated by the Mafia.d) anonymous bank account in another country.5. With the worldwide liberalization of markets, money-laundering has expanded rapidly by .a) deregulating the exchange controls.b) buying and operating more Laundromats.c) having more channels to launder dirty money.d) tightening the bank secrecy rules.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.The media can impact current events. As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s, I remember experiencing the events related to the People’s Park that wore occurring on campus.Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage. This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinctions between these realities.Electronic media are having a greater impact on the people’s lives every day. People gather more and more of their impressions from representations. Television and telephone communications are linking people to global village, or what one writer calls the electronic city.Consider the information that television brings into your home every day. Consider also the contact you have with others simply by using telephone. These media extend your consciousness and your contact. For example, thevideo coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake focused on “live action” such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster. T elevision coverage of the Iraqi War also developed an immediacy. CNN reported events as they happened. This coverage was distributed worldwide. Although most people were far away from these events, they developed some perception of these realities.In 1992, many people watched in horror as riots broke out on a sad Wednesday evening in Los Angeles, seemingly fed by video coverage from helicopters. This events was triggered by the verdict (裁定) in the Rodney King beating. 32. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments, and most peoples, who had seen the video of this beating, could not understand how the jury was able to acquit (宣布无罪) the policemen involved . Mediacoverage of events as they occur also provides powerful feedback that influences events. This can have harmful results, as is seemed on that Wednesday night in Los Angeles. By Friday night the public got to see Rodney King on television pleading, “Can we all get along?” By Saturday, television seemed to provide positive feedback as the Los Angeles riot turned out into a rally for peace. The television showed thousands of people marching with banners and cleaning tools. Because of that, many more people turned out to join the peaceful event they saw unfolding on television. The real healing, of course, will take much longer, but electronic media will continue to be a part of that process.6. Where is the passage most likely to be from?a) Textbook of Media.b) Thesis.c) Newspaper or Magazine.d) Speech.7. The 1989 San Francisco earthquake was mentioned to show .a) how damaging the earthquake was.b) how people carried out rescue workc) the electronic media extend your consciousness and your contact.d) the viewers’ impression of total disaster.8. The term “ electronic city”( para.2) refers to .a) Los Angelesb) San Franciscoc) Berkeleyd) Earth9. The 1992 Los Angeles riots broke out because .a) the jury acquitted the policemen who had beaten Rodney King.b) people can make their own judgments.c) video coverage from helicopters had made people angry.d) video coverage had provided powerful feedback.10. It can be inferred from the passage that .a) media coverage of events as they occur can have either good of bad results.b) most people who had seen the video of the Rodney King beating agree withthe verdict of jury.c) the 1992 Los Angeles riots lasted a whole week.d) Rodney King seemed very angry when he appeared on television on Friday. Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions(离子) in the air can have an ill effect on people’s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particle, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a large proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorms, earthquakes of when winds such as the mistral(寒冷的西北风) are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity(静电) indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffernausea(恶心) or even mental disturbance. Animals are also found to be affected, particularly before earthquakes. Snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these are near the sea, close to waterfalls of fountains ,or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effort of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.33. To increase the supply of negative irons indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines which generate negative ions. They claim that ionizers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all, it is debatable whether depending on seismic(地震的) readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.11. What effect does excessive positive ionization have on some people?a) They think they are insane.b) They feel rather bad-tempered.c) They become violently sick.d) They are too tired to do anything.12. According to the passage, static electricity can be caused by .a) using home-made electrical goods.b) wearing clothes made of natural materials.c) waling on artificial floor coverings.d) copying TV programs on a computer.13. A high negative ion count is likely to be found .a) near a pond with a water pump.b) close to slow flowing riverc) in some barren mountains.d) by a rotating water sprinkler.14. What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?a) Ionizers.b) Air-conditioners.c) Exhaust-fansd) Vacuum-pump15. Some scientists believe that .a) watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effectiveb) the unusual behaviors of animals can not be trustedc ) neither watching nor using seismograph is reliabled) earthquakes cannot affect any animalsPassage FourQuestions 16to 20 are based on the following passage.Joseph Weizenbaum, professor of computer science at MIT, thinks that the sense of power over the machine ultimately corrupts the computer hacker and makes him into a not very desirable sort of programmer. 34.The hackers are so involved with designing their program, making it more and more complexand bending it to their will, that they don’t bother trying to make it understandable to other users. They rarely keep records of their programs for the benefit of others, and they rarely take time to understand why a problem occurred.Computer science teachers say they can usually pick out the prospective hackers in their courses because these students make their homework assignments more complex than they need to be. Rather than using the simplest and most direct method, they take joy in adding extra steps just to prove their ingenuity.But perhaps t hose hackers know something that we don’t know about the shape of things to come. “That hacker who had to be literally dragged off his chair at MIT is now a multimillionaire of the computer industry,”says MIT professor Michael Dertouzos. “And two former ha ckers became the founders of the highly successfulApple home computer company.”When seen in this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all. If, as many psychiatrists say, play is really the basis for all human activity, then the hacker games are really the preparation for future developments. Sherry Turkle, a professor of sociology at MIT, has for years been studying the way computers fit into people’s lives. She points out that the computer, because it seems to us to be so “intelligent”, so “capable”, so “human”, affects the way we think about ourselves and our ideas about what we are. She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in children’s efforts to develop an identity by allowing them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not.“The youngsters can form as many subtle nuances(细微差距)and textured relationships with the computers as they can with people.” Turkle points out.16. The passage tells about .a) the strange behavior of the computer hackersb) the ultimate importance of bringing up computer hackersc) different opinions concerning the hacker phenomenond) the emergence of computer hackers17. According to Prof.Weizenbaum, what led to the hackers’ strange behavior isa) their strong desire to control the computerb) their ignorance of the responsibility of a programmerc) their incompetence in making new computer programsd) their deliberate attempts to make their programs complex and impracticable18. In Prof. Dertouzos’ opinion, we know that .a) computer industry will certainly make multimillionaires of the hackersb) the hackers are likely to be very successful businessmenc) the hackers probably have better insight into the future than other peopled) only a few hackers will be successful in their later life19. The phrase“to develop an identity”(Para.4) means .a) to become distinguishedb) to seek an answerc) to build up a creative abilityd) to form a habit20. The passage tries to convey to its readers the idea that .a) perhaps the hacker phenomenon is not bad at allb) though the hackers are in fact playing with the computer, there may be somebenefitsc) the computer hackers are the hope of the computer industry of tomorrowd) the computer hackers could be useful if under proper guidancePassage FiveQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.The value of a business increasingly lies not in physical and financial assets that are on the balance sheet, but in intangibles: brands, patents, franchises, software, research programs, ideas and expertise. Few firms try to measure returns on these assets, let alone publish information on them. Yet they are often what underlies a firm’s success. “Our primary assets, which are our software and our software-development skills, do not show up on the balance sheet at all,”says Microsoft’s boss, Bill Gates. “This is probably not very enlightening from a purely accounting point of view.”A sign that companies do not measure their assets properly may be the growing gap between their stock-market value and the book value of their assets. Between 1973 and 1993, the median ratio of market values to book values of American public companies doubles; the difference has grown with a boom in high-tech shares. The gap is biggest for companies that have most rapidly boosted spending on research and development(R&D). Even within industries, the divergence(分歧) between stock-market returns and reported earnings has increased.You might think this would present a problem for investors, who no linger have a good way of telling whether the market value of a company is soundly based. Yet investors seem to knowinstinctively that knowledge is valuable. 35. A study has found that the share price of American multinationals that spend heavily on R&D rises when they buy foreign subsidiaries, but it falls when a multinational with low R&D spending buys abroad. Presumably investors understand that companies in knowledge-based businesses can exploit the magic of rising returns to scale. Once a pill or a software program is developed, each extra sale brings in more money at little extra cost: the bigger the market, the greater the profits.In fact, the absence of good measures may bother those who run firms more than those who invest in them. For managers, the big problem is how to judge rates of return. With building a factory, there are time-honored methods for calculating the payback. But what if you are investing in R&D or software, or deciding whether to buy better people or to train more? There aren’t tools for mak ing such decisions.21. The intangibles of a company are reflected in .a) physical and financial assetsb) stock-market valuec) the balance sheetd) the difference between the stock-market value and the book value22. What can we infer about Microsoft?a) It has no book-value assets.b) Its stock-market value equals its book value.c) There’s a great gap between its stock-market value and book value.d) Its stock-market value does not reflect the company’s real value23. Why does the share price of American multinationals rise?a) Because they buy foreign subsidiariesb) Because they invest much in intangible assets.c) Because they have low R&D spendingd) Because the investors know the methods for calculating the payback ofknowledge-based businesses24. An investor who buys stocks of a company in knowledge-based businesses baseshis decision on .a) pure speculation(投机)b) the company’s book valuec) whether the company buys foreign subsidiariesd) the prospect that its research will translate into low cost products25. The phrase “such decisions”(Para.4) refers to .a) running firms in knowledge-based businessesb) investing in firms in knowledge-based businessesc) judging rates of return on firms in knowledge-based businessesd) calculating returns on a newly-built factorySection BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 26~30, choose the most suitable one from the list A~G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10%)Life is full of dangers and surprise. Your house may burn down. You may fall out of the window and break your neck. Mice and beetles ay eat your floor so that you drop in to the flat below for an uninvited cup of tea.26. .You cannot always prevent disasters, but you can insure against them. Most forms of insurance are voluntar y-it is up to you whether you take out a policy or not. But some forms are compulsory. 27. .The “parties” to an agree ment, or contract, are the individuals or groups concerned. With third-party motor insurance, the three parties are (i) you yourself, (ii) your insurance company, and (iii) anybody else---for example, the man whose Jaguar has just smashed up your Mini. Third –party insurance does not cover fire, theft or anything else. It is intended only to protect road users from each other. 28. .Another form of compulsory insurance is National Insurance. Everybody over 16 earning money on a regular basis must pay a sum each week to the state. These weekly contributions cover part of the cost of the National Health Service and the other social service benefits, e.g. unemployment benefits, sickness benefits, old-age pensions, industrial injury benefits and so on. You must be able to prove you have paid your contributions, so you must have a card(kept by your employer unless you are self-employed) onto which stamps are stuck every week. Of course, you can take out private health insurance as well if you wish, but you must still pay your state contributions.There are, of course, many insurance companies in Britain, both large andsmall. But there is also a rather special organization called Lloyd’s, which started as a coffee-house in late 17th century. Lloyd’s is a society of around six thousand members-all of them underwriters-and is administered by a committee controlled by Act of Parliament.29. .You have to go to an insurance broker who will then contact a member of Lloyd’s for you. If you want to insure something expensive---like a fleet of Jumbo jets, forexample-your broker will probably have to contact a syndicate of underwriters because the risks would be too high for one man to cover.Lloyd’s will probably insure you against any risk at all---provided you are prepared to pay the premiums.30. .Maybe clowns insure their noses. You never know-anything may happen.A.Professional pianists sometimes insure their hands.B.Insurance on the other hand eliminates risks already in existence and , bycombining them, substitutes a small known loss(premium) contributed by each person insured.C.If you drive a car, for example, you must take out a third-party insurance policy.D.So it is not an insurance company in the normal sense, but an insurance marketand you cannot do business with it directly.E.If you want to insure against all the other terrible things that might happen to youor your car, you can take out a comprehensive policy.F.This spreading of risk protects the individual against losses that may be disastrousif he has to bear them alone.G.Anything may happen, you never know.Part II TranslationSection ADirections: Translate the following five sentences(all of which are underlined sentences in the five reading passages in Section A, Part I.) into Chinese. Remember to write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Money-laundering (洗钱) has been one of the world’sfastest-growing industries over decade despite increasing efforts by the world’s financial authorities to stamp it out.32. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments, and most peoples, who had seen the video of this beating, could not understand how the jury was able to acquit (宣布无罪) the policemen involved .33. To increase the supply of negative irons indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines which generate negative ions.34.The hackers are so involved with designing their program, making it more and more complex and bending it to their will, that they don’t bother trying to make it understandable to other users.35. A study has found that the share price of American multinationals that spend heavily on R&D rises when they buy foreign subsidiaries, bu it falls when a multinational with low R&D spending buys abroad.Section BDirections:Translate the following passage into Chinese Remember to write your translation clear on the Answer SHEET.(10%).The media help democracy when they provide more choices to more people, but they do no favors to democracy when they turn themselves from beacons(信号站) of light into heat-seeking missiles. For example, the president’s 1995 State of the Union address took more than an hour, which apparently was about a half hour more than the patience of most network commentators(commentator: person who comments) could tolerate. In their instant analysis after the speech, they allcriticized its length and “ lack of focus”. Yet judging by polls and talk shows the next day, most Americans appeared to appreciate the content of the president’s speech. T oday the media investigate less and preach mor e.......Part III WritingSection ADirections:For this section, you are asked to read the following short passage first and then to write a composition entitled “Which one Do You Think Is More Imp ortant, Pleasure Or Longevity?”. You should not copy any of the sentences in the following passage. You should write no less than 150 words. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15%) (Just for your reference)People are almost phobic(恐惧症) about having fun, increasingly viewing themselves as fragile, vulnerable, ready to develop cancer or heart disease at the slightest provocation(刺激). In the name of health, people give up many of their life enjoyments. We have no quarrel with the evidence that some pleasures, like cigarette smoking, high alcohol consumption, addictive drugs, driving much too fast, are unhealthy and should be knocked off. But worrying too much about anything including calories, salt, cancer, and cholesterol(胆固醇)---can rob your life of vitality. Living optimistically, with pleasure, zest, and commitment enriches if not lengthens life.Do you agree to the above point of view? Which one do you think is more important, pleasure or longevity（长寿）Give your own comments and write them down on the ANSWER SHEET.Section BDirections: Answer the following question with no less than 50 words. Remember to write your answer clearly on theANSWER SHEET.（5%）Who is Confucius(孔子)？（over）。
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2010年北京师范大学教育学考博真题
比较教育
1.试用比较教育理论分析"民族的就是世界的
2.试论比较教育研究中的主观性和客观性
3.试评述全球化时代比较教育在国家和地方教育政策制定过程中的价值
4.试分析发达国家促进基础教育均衡发展的基本经验.
教育哲学
1.试评述后现代主义教育思潮的学术贡献与局限
2.试论教育发展中政府、学校与市场的权力关系
3.试从进步主义及其批判的视角评析我国基础教育课程改革中出现的一些问
4.试分析高等教育在创新型国家建设中的作用
2011年南京师范大学教育科学院高等教育学考博真题全套。