如何降低母猪成本并且提高生产率
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Shorter lactation length哺乳期缩短; Faster return to pregnancy返情更快;
Negative effects on Sows
对母猪的负面影响
增加母猪的淘汰率; Increased death loss of sows增加了母猪的死亡损失; Increased variability of piglets, more light pigs增加了仔猪的变 异率,将有更多的弱仔; Increased overall cost for sow herd增加了母猪群的整体成 本;
;
– ‗Top dressing‘ of maintenance feed 维持基础上的饲槽少量添补; Goals of
目的在于
– Maintain body composition维持机体组成;
– More uniform litters窝产仔更均匀;
– Better rebreeding更好的进行下次生育; – Greater longevity延长繁殖寿命;
Increased culling rate of sows Knowledge of sow nutrition has not kept pace with the rate of change in sow productivity
母猪营养方面的知识并没有跟上母猪生产率改变的步伐
Sow and fetal growth
BUT Lack of data on what to feed!
但是缺乏饲喂何种饲料组成
的数据!
We Need New Data to change Sow Feeding Standards
我们需要新的数据来改变母猪饲养 标准
Reproductive Changes in Sows
母猪繁殖性能的改变
Gestating Sows
妊娠母猪
过去50年中对赖氨
– About 20 estimates of lysine requirement in 50 yrs – – –
酸需要量的估测大约有20个; 1 estimate for methionine in 30 years 过去30年中对蛋氨酸需要量 的估测只有一个 (1971); 4 estimates for threonine in 30 years 过去30年中对苏氨酸需要量 的估测有4个; 0 for tryptophan 没有对色氨酸需要量的估测;
Current Sow Feeding Recommendations
当前母猪饲养建议
NRC (1998) recommended:NRC(1998)推荐
– Constant feed allowance during gestation妊娠期持续的日 粮补充; – Constant amino acid requirement氨基酸的持续需要量; – Use of feedstuff energy contents and amino acid digestibility from grower pigs生长猪的饲料能量组成以及氨 基酸消化率的作用;
Genetic trends for litter size in Canada ana
2012
Adapted from ―Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement, Annual Report 2006/2007‖ (http://www.ccsi.ca/meetings/annual/ann2007.pdf)
Sows use 20% of feed ($) in Farrow to Finish production
CAB Database of agricultural research 1960-2009 More than 30,000 research papers on pig nutrition Research papers on sow nutrition ? Only 800 (2.5%) in 50 yrs !
Lactating Sows
哺乳母猪
– 10 estimates for lysine – –
对赖氨酸需要量的估测有10个; 3 for threonine 对苏氨酸需要量的估测有3个; 4 for methionine 对蛋氨酸需要量的估测有4个;
Why so few Expts in Sows ?
g/mammary gland
Ji et al. 2006
Heat production, MJ/d
2000
1500
Ramonet et al. 2000
1000
500 0 45 60 75 90 102 112 Day of gestation
21-42
43-64 65-86 Day of gestation
母猪及胎儿的生长发育
Priority for nutrients
营养素的优化
Reproduction has priority over maternal sow
繁殖性能要优于生产母 猪的生长发育 Consequence 结果:
growth – Fetus and mammary gland have first call on
Problems in Updating Sow Nutrition
更新母猪营养的困难
Very Few Data on Sow Amino Acid Reqts
母猪的氨基酸需要量方面的数据非常有限
Sow AA Reqts Few Data & Most are Out of Date
母猪氨基酸需要量的数据有限且大部分已经过时
近期发展: phase feeding & top dressing阶段饲养与饲槽少量添补
Recent developments
Implemented by producers who recognized inadequate sow feeding
是由发现
了母猪饲养不足的生产者实施的
– Increase feed allowance in late gestation 提高妊娠后期的饲粮补充
– If nutrient intake is too low, sows will mobilize body tissue and lose condition
如果营养摄入量过低,母猪 就会调动身体的组织供能从 而使身体每况愈下;
as pregnancy progresses… McPherson et al. 2004.
需要大批量的母猪,使用传统的方法每个处 理需要100头母猪;
methods. Energy and AA requirements are continually changing during the reproductive cycle
在繁殖周期当中,能量和氨基酸的需要量是持续改 变着的; Simple measurements do not learn much. 简单的测量并不能够获得 更多有用处的资料;
Genetic Selection has changed the reproductive output of sows
遗传选择已
经改变了母猪繁殖生产性能:
– Increased number born alive – –
–
产活仔数增加; Increased milk production奶产量增加; Increased weaning weight and number weaned断奶重以及断奶活仔 数增加; Increased number of litters per year每年每窝产仔数增加
为什么母猪试验如此少?
Measuring requirements in sows is very difficult and time consuming ( 1 yr) compared to
比起育肥猪,测量母猪的营养需要量要更 加困难而且耗时更长(1年);
grow-finish pigs
Very large numbers of sows, 100 sows/ treatment required when using classical
Байду номын сангаас
胎儿和乳腺对营养的 需要是第一位的;
nutrients – Sow needs to make do with ‗left-over‘
而母猪则是利用“剩余的” ; ‗Hammond model‘, 1944 and 1952. Austin et al., 2001. Swine nutrition
随着妊娠的进行…
Fetal protein mass, mammary weight and sow heat production increase sharply after 70 days of
妊娠70天后,胎儿的蛋 白总量、乳腺重量以及母猪产 热会大幅增加
pregnancy
33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25
Outline大纲
Current Recommendations当前的营养需要建议; Why do we need new requirements for sows? 为 什么我们需要新的母猪需要量? Sow and fetal growth母猪及胎儿的生长发育; Lysine and Threonine requirements of sows母猪的 赖氨酸和苏氨酸需要量 Energy requirements of sows母猪的能量需要; New Feeding Recommendations 新的饲养建议; Phase feeding sows can save $10-12/sow / year and increase productivity阶段饲养可以节省10~12 美元/头母猪/年并且提高生产率;
NRC recommendations currently being revised NRC目前正在修订其推荐量
– need to update, new requirements & feeding practices需要更新,新的需要量以及饲喂方法
! Sow Nutrition is Undervalued !
How to Reduce Sow Costs & Increase Productivity
如何降低养猪成本并提高生产效率
China, March 2011
Overview of Research Program
研究项目概述
Amino acid metabolism & requirements: piglets, growing pigs and humans氨基酸代谢及营养需要: 小 猪, 生长猪以及人类。 Sow nutrition: requirements for and dietary availability of amino acids and energy母猪营养:氨基 酸与能量的母猪需求量以及日粮提供; New method for ‗true‘ amino acid availability for protein synthesis using indicator amino acid oxidation 氨基酸氧化指标——一种测定蛋白质合成 中真氨基酸利用率的新方法 Net energy values for Canadian feedstuffs加拿大饲 料净能值; Amino acid metabolism of the gut : roles in gut growth & function, immunity and protection, effect on dietary requirements 氨基酸在肠内的代谢: 对肠 道生长及功能的作用, 免疫与保护, 以及对日量需求 量的影响。
87-108
Maternal and Fetal wt change during gestation
在妊娠期间母体与胎儿的体重变化
45
kg
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Negative effects on Sows
对母猪的负面影响
增加母猪的淘汰率; Increased death loss of sows增加了母猪的死亡损失; Increased variability of piglets, more light pigs增加了仔猪的变 异率,将有更多的弱仔; Increased overall cost for sow herd增加了母猪群的整体成 本;
;
– ‗Top dressing‘ of maintenance feed 维持基础上的饲槽少量添补; Goals of
目的在于
– Maintain body composition维持机体组成;
– More uniform litters窝产仔更均匀;
– Better rebreeding更好的进行下次生育; – Greater longevity延长繁殖寿命;
Increased culling rate of sows Knowledge of sow nutrition has not kept pace with the rate of change in sow productivity
母猪营养方面的知识并没有跟上母猪生产率改变的步伐
Sow and fetal growth
BUT Lack of data on what to feed!
但是缺乏饲喂何种饲料组成
的数据!
We Need New Data to change Sow Feeding Standards
我们需要新的数据来改变母猪饲养 标准
Reproductive Changes in Sows
母猪繁殖性能的改变
Gestating Sows
妊娠母猪
过去50年中对赖氨
– About 20 estimates of lysine requirement in 50 yrs – – –
酸需要量的估测大约有20个; 1 estimate for methionine in 30 years 过去30年中对蛋氨酸需要量 的估测只有一个 (1971); 4 estimates for threonine in 30 years 过去30年中对苏氨酸需要量 的估测有4个; 0 for tryptophan 没有对色氨酸需要量的估测;
Current Sow Feeding Recommendations
当前母猪饲养建议
NRC (1998) recommended:NRC(1998)推荐
– Constant feed allowance during gestation妊娠期持续的日 粮补充; – Constant amino acid requirement氨基酸的持续需要量; – Use of feedstuff energy contents and amino acid digestibility from grower pigs生长猪的饲料能量组成以及氨 基酸消化率的作用;
Genetic trends for litter size in Canada ana
2012
Adapted from ―Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement, Annual Report 2006/2007‖ (http://www.ccsi.ca/meetings/annual/ann2007.pdf)
Sows use 20% of feed ($) in Farrow to Finish production
CAB Database of agricultural research 1960-2009 More than 30,000 research papers on pig nutrition Research papers on sow nutrition ? Only 800 (2.5%) in 50 yrs !
Lactating Sows
哺乳母猪
– 10 estimates for lysine – –
对赖氨酸需要量的估测有10个; 3 for threonine 对苏氨酸需要量的估测有3个; 4 for methionine 对蛋氨酸需要量的估测有4个;
Why so few Expts in Sows ?
g/mammary gland
Ji et al. 2006
Heat production, MJ/d
2000
1500
Ramonet et al. 2000
1000
500 0 45 60 75 90 102 112 Day of gestation
21-42
43-64 65-86 Day of gestation
母猪及胎儿的生长发育
Priority for nutrients
营养素的优化
Reproduction has priority over maternal sow
繁殖性能要优于生产母 猪的生长发育 Consequence 结果:
growth – Fetus and mammary gland have first call on
Problems in Updating Sow Nutrition
更新母猪营养的困难
Very Few Data on Sow Amino Acid Reqts
母猪的氨基酸需要量方面的数据非常有限
Sow AA Reqts Few Data & Most are Out of Date
母猪氨基酸需要量的数据有限且大部分已经过时
近期发展: phase feeding & top dressing阶段饲养与饲槽少量添补
Recent developments
Implemented by producers who recognized inadequate sow feeding
是由发现
了母猪饲养不足的生产者实施的
– Increase feed allowance in late gestation 提高妊娠后期的饲粮补充
– If nutrient intake is too low, sows will mobilize body tissue and lose condition
如果营养摄入量过低,母猪 就会调动身体的组织供能从 而使身体每况愈下;
as pregnancy progresses… McPherson et al. 2004.
需要大批量的母猪,使用传统的方法每个处 理需要100头母猪;
methods. Energy and AA requirements are continually changing during the reproductive cycle
在繁殖周期当中,能量和氨基酸的需要量是持续改 变着的; Simple measurements do not learn much. 简单的测量并不能够获得 更多有用处的资料;
Genetic Selection has changed the reproductive output of sows
遗传选择已
经改变了母猪繁殖生产性能:
– Increased number born alive – –
–
产活仔数增加; Increased milk production奶产量增加; Increased weaning weight and number weaned断奶重以及断奶活仔 数增加; Increased number of litters per year每年每窝产仔数增加
为什么母猪试验如此少?
Measuring requirements in sows is very difficult and time consuming ( 1 yr) compared to
比起育肥猪,测量母猪的营养需要量要更 加困难而且耗时更长(1年);
grow-finish pigs
Very large numbers of sows, 100 sows/ treatment required when using classical
Байду номын сангаас
胎儿和乳腺对营养的 需要是第一位的;
nutrients – Sow needs to make do with ‗left-over‘
而母猪则是利用“剩余的” ; ‗Hammond model‘, 1944 and 1952. Austin et al., 2001. Swine nutrition
随着妊娠的进行…
Fetal protein mass, mammary weight and sow heat production increase sharply after 70 days of
妊娠70天后,胎儿的蛋 白总量、乳腺重量以及母猪产 热会大幅增加
pregnancy
33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25
Outline大纲
Current Recommendations当前的营养需要建议; Why do we need new requirements for sows? 为 什么我们需要新的母猪需要量? Sow and fetal growth母猪及胎儿的生长发育; Lysine and Threonine requirements of sows母猪的 赖氨酸和苏氨酸需要量 Energy requirements of sows母猪的能量需要; New Feeding Recommendations 新的饲养建议; Phase feeding sows can save $10-12/sow / year and increase productivity阶段饲养可以节省10~12 美元/头母猪/年并且提高生产率;
NRC recommendations currently being revised NRC目前正在修订其推荐量
– need to update, new requirements & feeding practices需要更新,新的需要量以及饲喂方法
! Sow Nutrition is Undervalued !
How to Reduce Sow Costs & Increase Productivity
如何降低养猪成本并提高生产效率
China, March 2011
Overview of Research Program
研究项目概述
Amino acid metabolism & requirements: piglets, growing pigs and humans氨基酸代谢及营养需要: 小 猪, 生长猪以及人类。 Sow nutrition: requirements for and dietary availability of amino acids and energy母猪营养:氨基 酸与能量的母猪需求量以及日粮提供; New method for ‗true‘ amino acid availability for protein synthesis using indicator amino acid oxidation 氨基酸氧化指标——一种测定蛋白质合成 中真氨基酸利用率的新方法 Net energy values for Canadian feedstuffs加拿大饲 料净能值; Amino acid metabolism of the gut : roles in gut growth & function, immunity and protection, effect on dietary requirements 氨基酸在肠内的代谢: 对肠 道生长及功能的作用, 免疫与保护, 以及对日量需求 量的影响。
87-108
Maternal and Fetal wt change during gestation
在妊娠期间母体与胎儿的体重变化
45
kg
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0