基于单片机的红外遥控小车控制电路的设计
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主要硬件电路包括：
（1）单片机模块：对红外信号进行处理，控制设计功能的实现。
（2）按键模块：包括四个按键，表示小车的动作即前进、后退、左右转动。
（3）无线红外信号的发送及接收模块：按键按下时红外发射管发送红外信号，红外接收器接收到信号后送入单片机处理。
（4）四个选项通道：发送和接收部分别带有四个选项开关，进项选择控制，当发送与接收选择同一通道时才能正确的发送和接收信号。只有接收端的地址码和发射端的地址码设置完全相同，输出端才有输出信号。解码芯片将数据输入端接收到的信号，经内部电路解码辨识确认。如果所接收到的信号地址码与本机地址编码相同，AUXOUT1~AUXOUT4输出与无线电发射系统所发射的相对应的开关信息给单片机电路，由单片机控制相应的开关电路动作。否则，解码芯片不解码，单片机电路不响应。
The main hardware circuit includes:
(1)SCM module: carries on processing to the infrared signal, realize the control function.
(2)The key module: includes four keys, said car motion forward and backward, turning left and right.
P0X is an 8-bit microprocessor with low-power and high-speed CMOS technology. It is equipped with an electrical one time programmable memory andBaidu Nhomakorabeaa data memory.P0X is designed to work in noisy environment。Therefore, it is suitable to be used in application of home appliance motor control. Because P0X operates in a very low current consumption, it is advantageous in low-power application, like remote controller and battery-powered system.
本设计就是利用红外线及单片机系统对小车进行无线控制，通过红外灯发送无线红外信号，通过红外接收器接收信号经过单片机处理对电机进行控制，进而实现小车的动作。该系统以P06单片机为核心，采用低功耗8位微处理器高速CMOS技术。拥有电气一次可编程存储器和数记忆。p06适用于在嘈杂的环境中工作因此，它是适用于家用电器电机控制中的应用。因为p06工作在一个非常低的电流消耗，它在低功耗的应用是有利的，如远程控制器和电池供电系统。红外线通讯的发送部分主要是把待发送的数据转换成一定格式的脉冲，然后驱动红外发光管向外发送数据。接收部分则是完成红外线的接收、放大、解调，还原成同步发射格式相同，但高、低电位刚好相反的脉冲信号，其主要输出TTL兼容电平。最后通过解码把脉冲信号转换成数据，从而实现数据的传输。红外线接收器是一种可以接收红外信号并能独立完成从红外线接收到输出与TTL电频信号兼容的器件，体积和普通的塑封三极管差不多，适合于各种红外线遥控和红外线数据传输。
设计中的软件部分要求实现发送装置的按键控制、接收装置的输出控制、发送与接收的通道检测控制。发送信号采用载波38KHZ进行发送，接收装置有相应的延时时间。本系统采用的是上电复位的复位方式。本设计要求作出实物，所以要求每步的设计都具有可行性，不只是单单的只停留在原理阶段。要想做出实物PCB电路板的制作是非常重要的一部分，要进行电路板的设计，采用Protel99se进行原理图和PCB图的设计，作出实际符合要求可行的电路板。其次就是选择元器件进行焊接调试，随着设计的进行发现用LED发光二极管来代替电机来实现功能的指示更加方便可行，因此就用四个发光二极管来指示小车的前进后退左右转的动作。最后通过调试发送装置能在六米左右的范围内对接收装置进行控制。
This design is the use of infrared and single-chip microcomputer system for wireless control of the car, through the wireless infrared signal transmitted by infrared light, infrared receiver receives the signal through the MCU to control the motor, and then realize the car movement. The system uses P06 microcontroller as the core, using low-power 8 bit microprocessor speed CMOS technology. Have electrical one-time programmable memory and memory. P06 is applicable to working in a noisy environment therefore, it is suitable for use in motor control of the household electric appliances. Because P06 consumption at a very low current, its application in low power consumption is beneficial, such as remote controller andbattery power supply system. The sending part of infrared communication is mainly for conversion of the data to be transmitted into pulse a certain format, and then drive the infrared emitting tube out data. The receiving part is to complete the infrared receiving, amplification, demodulation, restore the synchronous firing of the same format, but the high and low potential, just the opposite of the pulse signal, the output TTL compatibility level. Finally the pulse signal into data by decoding, thus achieving data transmission. The infrared receiver is a kind of can receive infrared signals and can independently from the infrared receiver to output and TTL power frequency signal compatible devices, volume and plastic triode ordinary tube almost, suitable for all kinds of infrared remote control and infrared data transmission.
（5）电机的正反转控制模块：对单片机输出的控制信号进行放大处理通过改变两对大功率PNP、NPN三极管的导通，控制流入直流动电机里的电流方向。以实现直流电动机的正反转。工作时两对三极管为了避免发热过多损坏和对电机造成不良影响等问题采用大功率三极管，通过控制三极管的基极的高低电位使一对PNP或NPN导通即可控制电流的方向实现直流电机正反转。
This design is the use of infrared and single-chip microcomputer system for wireless control of the car, through the wireless infrared signals to control the car.
(3)Wireless infrared signal transmitting and receiving module: the infrared emission tube infrared signal is sent when a button is pressed, the infrared signal received by the receiver into the SCM treatment.
该系统具有结构简单，低功耗，抗干扰性强等特点，能准确的达到对小车的控制目的。
关键词：红外线；单片机；小车；控制
Introduction
Infrared ray is a means of near distance, high-speed wireless communication,All along, the infrared remote control, remote sensing technology has been widely used in the production of toys, home appliances and industrial control etc.As a close distance, indoor communication means, has the incomparable advantage of infrared radio Therefore, remote control and intelligent technology research, application is very meaningful and very high market value.Characteristics of infrared remote control is the point to point communication technology using infrared, does not affect the surrounding environment, does not interfere with other electric equipment.Through the control instruction based on single-chip microcomputer for remote control of a variety of equipment, can choose different buttons to control the different devices, thus convenient remote control.Intelligent vehicle control has been widely used in scientific research in various fields, and has great practical value.
基于单片机的红外遥控小车控制电路设计
设计总说明
红外线是近距离、高速无线通信的一种手段,一直以来,红外遥控、遥测技术在玩具生产、家电制造及工业测控等领域得到了广泛的应用.作为近距离、室内通信的手段,红外线具有无线电无法比拟的优势.因此，遥控加智能的技术研究、应用都是非常有意义而且有很高的市场价值的。红外遥控的特点是利用红外线进行点对点通信的技术，不影响周边环境，不干扰其他电器设备。通过基于单片机的控制指令来对多种设备进行远程控制，可以选择不同的按键来控制不同的设备，从而方便快捷的实现远程控制。智能小车的控制在科研等各个领域中都被广泛的应用，具有很大的实用价值。
（1）单片机模块：对红外信号进行处理，控制设计功能的实现。
（2）按键模块：包括四个按键，表示小车的动作即前进、后退、左右转动。
（3）无线红外信号的发送及接收模块：按键按下时红外发射管发送红外信号，红外接收器接收到信号后送入单片机处理。
（4）四个选项通道：发送和接收部分别带有四个选项开关，进项选择控制，当发送与接收选择同一通道时才能正确的发送和接收信号。只有接收端的地址码和发射端的地址码设置完全相同，输出端才有输出信号。解码芯片将数据输入端接收到的信号，经内部电路解码辨识确认。如果所接收到的信号地址码与本机地址编码相同，AUXOUT1~AUXOUT4输出与无线电发射系统所发射的相对应的开关信息给单片机电路，由单片机控制相应的开关电路动作。否则，解码芯片不解码，单片机电路不响应。
The main hardware circuit includes:
(1)SCM module: carries on processing to the infrared signal, realize the control function.
(2)The key module: includes four keys, said car motion forward and backward, turning left and right.
P0X is an 8-bit microprocessor with low-power and high-speed CMOS technology. It is equipped with an electrical one time programmable memory andBaidu Nhomakorabeaa data memory.P0X is designed to work in noisy environment。Therefore, it is suitable to be used in application of home appliance motor control. Because P0X operates in a very low current consumption, it is advantageous in low-power application, like remote controller and battery-powered system.
本设计就是利用红外线及单片机系统对小车进行无线控制，通过红外灯发送无线红外信号，通过红外接收器接收信号经过单片机处理对电机进行控制，进而实现小车的动作。该系统以P06单片机为核心，采用低功耗8位微处理器高速CMOS技术。拥有电气一次可编程存储器和数记忆。p06适用于在嘈杂的环境中工作因此，它是适用于家用电器电机控制中的应用。因为p06工作在一个非常低的电流消耗，它在低功耗的应用是有利的，如远程控制器和电池供电系统。红外线通讯的发送部分主要是把待发送的数据转换成一定格式的脉冲，然后驱动红外发光管向外发送数据。接收部分则是完成红外线的接收、放大、解调，还原成同步发射格式相同，但高、低电位刚好相反的脉冲信号，其主要输出TTL兼容电平。最后通过解码把脉冲信号转换成数据，从而实现数据的传输。红外线接收器是一种可以接收红外信号并能独立完成从红外线接收到输出与TTL电频信号兼容的器件，体积和普通的塑封三极管差不多，适合于各种红外线遥控和红外线数据传输。
设计中的软件部分要求实现发送装置的按键控制、接收装置的输出控制、发送与接收的通道检测控制。发送信号采用载波38KHZ进行发送，接收装置有相应的延时时间。本系统采用的是上电复位的复位方式。本设计要求作出实物，所以要求每步的设计都具有可行性，不只是单单的只停留在原理阶段。要想做出实物PCB电路板的制作是非常重要的一部分，要进行电路板的设计，采用Protel99se进行原理图和PCB图的设计，作出实际符合要求可行的电路板。其次就是选择元器件进行焊接调试，随着设计的进行发现用LED发光二极管来代替电机来实现功能的指示更加方便可行，因此就用四个发光二极管来指示小车的前进后退左右转的动作。最后通过调试发送装置能在六米左右的范围内对接收装置进行控制。
This design is the use of infrared and single-chip microcomputer system for wireless control of the car, through the wireless infrared signal transmitted by infrared light, infrared receiver receives the signal through the MCU to control the motor, and then realize the car movement. The system uses P06 microcontroller as the core, using low-power 8 bit microprocessor speed CMOS technology. Have electrical one-time programmable memory and memory. P06 is applicable to working in a noisy environment therefore, it is suitable for use in motor control of the household electric appliances. Because P06 consumption at a very low current, its application in low power consumption is beneficial, such as remote controller andbattery power supply system. The sending part of infrared communication is mainly for conversion of the data to be transmitted into pulse a certain format, and then drive the infrared emitting tube out data. The receiving part is to complete the infrared receiving, amplification, demodulation, restore the synchronous firing of the same format, but the high and low potential, just the opposite of the pulse signal, the output TTL compatibility level. Finally the pulse signal into data by decoding, thus achieving data transmission. The infrared receiver is a kind of can receive infrared signals and can independently from the infrared receiver to output and TTL power frequency signal compatible devices, volume and plastic triode ordinary tube almost, suitable for all kinds of infrared remote control and infrared data transmission.
（5）电机的正反转控制模块：对单片机输出的控制信号进行放大处理通过改变两对大功率PNP、NPN三极管的导通，控制流入直流动电机里的电流方向。以实现直流电动机的正反转。工作时两对三极管为了避免发热过多损坏和对电机造成不良影响等问题采用大功率三极管，通过控制三极管的基极的高低电位使一对PNP或NPN导通即可控制电流的方向实现直流电机正反转。
This design is the use of infrared and single-chip microcomputer system for wireless control of the car, through the wireless infrared signals to control the car.
(3)Wireless infrared signal transmitting and receiving module: the infrared emission tube infrared signal is sent when a button is pressed, the infrared signal received by the receiver into the SCM treatment.
该系统具有结构简单，低功耗，抗干扰性强等特点，能准确的达到对小车的控制目的。
关键词：红外线；单片机；小车；控制
Introduction
Infrared ray is a means of near distance, high-speed wireless communication,All along, the infrared remote control, remote sensing technology has been widely used in the production of toys, home appliances and industrial control etc.As a close distance, indoor communication means, has the incomparable advantage of infrared radio Therefore, remote control and intelligent technology research, application is very meaningful and very high market value.Characteristics of infrared remote control is the point to point communication technology using infrared, does not affect the surrounding environment, does not interfere with other electric equipment.Through the control instruction based on single-chip microcomputer for remote control of a variety of equipment, can choose different buttons to control the different devices, thus convenient remote control.Intelligent vehicle control has been widely used in scientific research in various fields, and has great practical value.
基于单片机的红外遥控小车控制电路设计
设计总说明
红外线是近距离、高速无线通信的一种手段,一直以来,红外遥控、遥测技术在玩具生产、家电制造及工业测控等领域得到了广泛的应用.作为近距离、室内通信的手段,红外线具有无线电无法比拟的优势.因此，遥控加智能的技术研究、应用都是非常有意义而且有很高的市场价值的。红外遥控的特点是利用红外线进行点对点通信的技术，不影响周边环境，不干扰其他电器设备。通过基于单片机的控制指令来对多种设备进行远程控制，可以选择不同的按键来控制不同的设备，从而方便快捷的实现远程控制。智能小车的控制在科研等各个领域中都被广泛的应用，具有很大的实用价值。