最新九年级英语期末总复习(Units1-12)

九年级英语期末总复习应知应会（Units 1-12 ）
Unit 1
1. He studies by asking the teacher for help
by 以,方式，靠+ n / doing
I went to school by bus /train /subway / bike / plane /boat,.
2. the best way to do sth 做某事的最好方法
3. Joining the English club was the best way to improve our English.
动名词作主语+ V 三单
4. have trouble / problem / difficult / a hard time + doing sth 做某事很困难
5. laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人
6. last ( 持续) + 一段时间The rain lasted for 6 hours yesterday.
7. regard ,..as ,,= consider,.as,..= treat ,,as,,. 把,.. 当成,,
8. complain to sb about doing sth 抱怨某人做某事
9. except / besides
except 除,以外,. All the students went to the zoo except me
besides 除,. 以外（包括在内）I have few friends besides you.
10.as soon as,. 一,. 就,,（条件状语从句，主将从现）
I’ll call you as soon as I get there.
11. if 引导宾语从句时“是否”if 引导条件状语从句“假如，如果”，主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

I don’t know if it will rain ，if it rains ，I won’t go out.
宾从条从
Unit 2
1.1 ）used to do sth 过去常常做某事
He used to do homework until 10 pm.
2 ）be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
I’m used to getting up early. She is used to living alone.
3 ）be used to do sth = be used for doing sth 被用于做某事
Knife is used to cut things = Knife is used for cutting things.
2.afford 买得起，负担得起（,的费用）
I can’t afford a new car. afford to do sth 负担得起做某事
3.get in trouble with 与,. 发生纠纷
be patient with sb of sth 在某事上对某人很耐心
4. be proud of = take pride in + n / doing 对,.. 感到骄傲
5. It ‘s time (for sb) to do sth / It’s time for sth 是（某人）该做某事的时候了
Unit 3
1.be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事allow to do sth 允许做某事
2. (1) instead of + n /pre / ving
She prefers milk instead of (=rather than) coffee.
We’d like to go sightseeing instead of staying at home.
(2)instead 相反的、代替。

常放句末。

I don’t like swimming ，I like playing games instead.
3. So do we 我也是
So + 助、be 、情态动词+ 主语“某人也一样”
I have to do my homework . So does he .
Nor /neither 助、be 、情态动词+ 主语“某人也不”
Mary didn’t go to the party last night . Neither /nor did I .
4. I’m not allowed to get my ears pierced.
Get sth done / have sth done 这事儿不是主语做的，而是找别人做的。

My bike broke down ，I’ll have it repaired. 我的自行车坏了，我得找人修理。

5. be strict with sb 对某人严格be strict in sth 在某方面很严格
6. be comfortable to do sth 做某事很方便
7. be good for 对,.. 有好处。

Vegetable and fruit are good for your health.
be good at = do well in + n / pre / doing 擅长,. He is good at swimming
be good to = be friendly to 对,.. 很友善。

8. have an opportunity to do sth 有机会做某事。

9.语法：不定代词
(1) some / any 均为“一些”，+ 可、不可数名词；some 一般用于肯定，any 多用于否定或疑问句。

但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时
应用some. ---Would you like some coffee ? ---Yes ，please. / No ，thanks
(2)many / much many + 可数名词much + 不可数名词都可与so ，too ，as ，how 搭配。

(1) either / neither either 指两者其一neither 指两者都不
either,..or,.. 不是,就是,. neither,..nor,.. 既不,也不,,
10. other ，the other ，others ，the others ，another
1) other 别的、其他的
2) the other 两者中另一个one ,,.. ，the other,,.. 一个,另一个,,
3) others 泛指别的人或物=other + 复数名词some ,,，others,.. 一些,.. 另一些,..
4) the others 特指其余剩下的人或物some,.. ，the others,,一些,.. ，其余的,,
5) another 任何一个，另一个。

（指三者以上中的任何一个）
11. get in the way of ,,. 妨碍,..
12. On,.team . 在,队里He is on the school soccer team.
13. happen 出乎意料的发生take place 有计划的发生两者都没有被动语态
this accident has taken place for 5 years.
14. be serious about + n/ pre / doing 对,. 很认真
15. succeed (in) doing sth 成功地做某事success n. successful adj
Unit 4
1. 数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion 几百/ 千/ 百万/ 十亿
hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+ of 成百的/ 千的/ 百万的/ 十亿的
2.辨析bring / take / fetch / carry
3. If I were you ，I’d wear a shirt and tie. If I had a million dollars ，I’d buy a big house. If 的用法：
1 ）在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，表示一种假设，需用虚拟语气，对现在情况的假设，
条件从句中用一般过去时（be 动词勇were ），主句用would/should/could + V 原If they were here ，they would help you.
2 ）如果假设情况可能发生，句子用陈述语气，条件从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时。

If he comes ，I’ll bring him a present. If it rains tomorrow ，we won’t have a picnic.
4. invite sb to somewhere. invite sb to do sth
5. 辨析borrow / lend / keep
borrow ,from,. （主语）借进I borrowed books from school library.
lend,..to ,.. （主语）借出Could you lend your dictionary to me?
keep 借并保存一段时间（常用于完成时for ，since 与搭配，代替borrow ）
I’ve kept this story book for a month ，and I didn’t return it .
6.许多。

(1)a lot of ，lots of ，some ，plenty of 既可修饰可数，也可修饰不可数名词。

(2)a number of + 可数名词复数+V 复“大量的” A number of trees are cut down.
(3) the number of + 可数名词复数+V 三单“.. 的数量”The number of students in our
class is 52.
(4) amount of ，much ， a little ，little ， a bit of ， a deal of + 不可数名词+ V 三单(5) many ， a few ，few + 可数名词复数+V 复
7. (rather) than 其后动词的形式，与前面动词的形式保持一致。

I like singing than dancing. 宁愿做,而不愿做,..
1 ）would rather do sth than do sth.
2 ）would like to do sth ，than do sth
3 ）prefer to do sth rather than do sth
4 ）prefer doing to doing
8. 害怕做某事be afraid of doing sth = be terrified of doing sth = be scared of doing sth be afraid to do sth
9. win 赢得比赛、致词、地位、荣誉beat 击败某人、某队
10.辨别noise 噪音Don’t make any noise ! voice 人的嗓音He has a good voice. sound 泛指各种声音The sound of car is too loud.
11. taste v. 品尝，尝起来
n. 味道，品味系动词taste ，smell ，look ，sound ，feel + adj
12. 语法。

Give sb sth = give sth to sb 这种结构的动词还有：（加to 的）give ，show ，send ，bring ，pass ，lend ，tell
（加for 的）make ，buy ，do ，have ，cook ，find ，sing
Eg: I bought a gift for her. = I bought her a gift She lent me a book = She lent a book to me.
Unit 5
1. --Whose book is this? --It must /might / can’t /could be sb’s belong to sb.
2. It’s +adj + that ,. It’s necessary /clear/important ,,that,.
It’s+adj+ to do sth it’s important/ necessary to work hard.
find/ think + it +adj + to do sth. I found it difficult to remember English words.
3. 对,感到担心。

be anxious/worried about,worry about
渴望做某事be anxious to do sth
4. He could be running for exercise.
情态动词+be +doing sth （表示猜测可能正在做某事）
5. sth happen to sb 某人碰巧遇到某事When he walked across the road ，the car accident happened to him.
6. 太,. much too + adj
太多,.too much + 不可数n too many + 可数n
Unit 6
1. prefer sth to sth I prefer fish to meat.
prefer to do sth ，rather than do sth. = would rather do sth than do sth
They prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
prefer doing to doing Jim prefers reading to playing games.
2. play + 运动、棋类、消遣play basketball/soccer/volleyball/tennis/ping-pong/baseball/chess play+ the + 乐器play the guitar/violin/piano/trumpet/drums
3. go+ 运动ing : go shopping/ fishing / sightseeing/ cooking
4. aloud loud loudly
aloud 指读书read aloud. loud ，loudly 可互换，
但loud 可作adj ，loudly 却不能。

5.使,. 想起,. 提醒（某人）remind sb
remind sb of sth The photos reminded me of my school days.
remind sb to do sth Can you remind me to wake him up at 6:25.
6. though / although 和but 不能连用
My grandfather is 100 years old ，but he is very health.= Though my grandfather is 100 years old ，he is very healthy.
because 和so 也不能连用
7. famous = well-known
be famous for Martin is famous for writing story.
be famous as She is famous as a scientist.
be famous to The Great Wall is famous to the world.
8. a few+ 可数名词（表肯定）一些 a little+ 不可数名词（表肯定）一些
few （表否定）几乎没有little （表否定）几乎没有
9. because + 句子because of + 名词、代词、动名词短语
He stopped playing soccer because he had a headache.
He stopped playing soccer because of his headache.
10. expect to do sth = hope to do sth = wish to do sth.
11. have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself.
Unit 7
1. 辨析relaxed / relaxing tired / tiring fascinated / fascinating
excited / exciting frustrated / frustrating disappointed /disappointing surprised /surprising amazed / amazing interested / interesting
（加ed 的修饰人“感到。

的”；加ing 的修饰物“令人。

的”）eg: She was surprised to read this surprising news.
相关短语：be excited at be disappointed at be surprised at / to do sth
be interested in = taka an interest in + n / Ving
2. 旅行。

trek 徒步跋涉trek trough the jungle/forest/mountain
travel 泛指旅行travel around the world.
trip 短途旅行have a trip. Trip to Chengdu .
3. 想要、愿意做某事would like to do sth = want to do sth.
---Where would you like to go ? ---I’d like to visit somewhere warm.
4. 辨析cross through over past
(1) cross 从表面上通过walk cross the street/ bridge/ river,.
(2) through 从空间通过go through the forest/ jungle/ crowed,
(3) over 从上方跨过jump over the wall
(4) past 从旁边经过He walked past the window when we were having class.
5. hope / wish (1) hope to do sth hope + 从句
(2) wish to do sth wish sb to do sth wish + 从句
6. I’d like to go somewhere relaxing.
adj 放不定代词后修饰不定代词。

7. Why not + V 原,..? = Why don’t you + V 原,.? Let’s + V 原
8. consider 考虑、认为consider doing sth / +how -
(what) +to do sth / + 名词、从句
eg: We’re considering visiting Paris for holiday.
He has never considered how to solve the problem.
All of you should consider the feeling of the people.
Do you consider （认为）that we can finish the project on time?
9.one of + adj 最高级+ 复数名词+ V 三单
One of the highest sights in Paris is Eiffel Tower.
10. 辨析include / including
Our school includes two parts: Primary and Middle School.
I like all sports including playing soccer.
11. traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money.
traveling around Paris by taxi 动名词做主语+ V 三单
one of the cheapest ways to visit Paris is taking the underground train.
动名词作表语从句的主语
12.辨析cost spend pay take
Sth costs(cost),,The TV cost me 500 dollars
Sb spend (spent) ,.. on sth /doing sth I spent 500 dollars on the TV.
I spent 500 dollars buying the TV.
Sb pay (paid) ,. For,I paid 500 dollars for the TV.
It takes (took) sb ,.. to do sth. It took me 500 dollars to buy the TV.
13. unless = if not 条件状语从句，由if ，unless 引导。

（主将从现，主过从过）
If it doesn’t rain ，we’ll go fishing. Unless you see a doctor ，you shouldn’t take the medicine.
14. 提供。

(1)provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb.
He tried to find a job to provide his family with food.
He tried to find a job to provide food for his family.
(2) offer sb sth = offer sth to sb. She offered money to the poor children.
offer to do sth 自愿做某事
15. mind ，finish ，keep ，be busy ，feel like ，practice ，have fun ，enjoy ，have trouble/problem/difficult/ a hard time ，permit ，spend ，be worth ，keep on ，keep ，be used to ，continue ，give up ，put off ，end up ，pay attention to ，look forward to ，consider ，suggest ，can’t help ，miss + doing sth feel ，hear ，see ，find ，watch ，notice sb do sth （做过）doing sth （正在做）
16.辨析stop to do / stop doing remember to do / remember doing
forget to do / forget doing try to do / try doing
go on to do / go on doing allow to do / allow doing
17. 在介词后（in ，at ，after ，on ，to ，for ，of ，by ，against ，with ，without ，after ，before ，）如果要用动词，只能用ving I study for a test by working with groups.
18. enough 的用法
adj / adv + enough 足够。

样enough + n 足够的。

19.语法：主谓一致。

1 ）当and 或both ,and,连接两个或三个名词作主语，谓
语动词用复数。

& nbsp; Both you and I are good friends.
2. ）不定代词作主语+V 三单(either ，neither ，each ，the other ，another ，any/every/no/some 引导的不定代词) Everyone is going to beach tomorrow.
3. ) 由each ，every 引导的作主语，指同一个人时，+V 三单Each boy and girl was given a gift.
4. ) 主语后有with ，along with ，together with ，as well as ，more than ，including ，besides ，like ，except ，but. 谓语动词由前面的主语决定.
Mr Li with his wife and children is coming next week. Tom besides his friends plays volleyball every afternoon.
5)either,or,. neither,nor,not only,but also,连接两个主语，谓语动词有靠
近它的主语决定，即就近原则。

Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle. Either you or he is right.
6)there be 句型的be 动词由靠近它的主语决定，即就近原则。

There is a table and many desks in the room.
7)one of + 复数名词+ V 三单one of the women is from America.
20. dream of doing sth
achieve/ come true
I believe I will achieve my dream one day.= I believe my dream will come true one day.
21. receive / accept
I’ve received her invitation to the party ，but I didn’t accept it ，because I’m busy.
22. 辨析so that so,.. that,. such,. That,
1) so that = in order that he works hard so that he can make more money.
2) such 修饰强调名词。

such + a/an + adj + n +that 从句Mary is such a young girl that she can’t go to school. such + adj+ 不可数名词、复数名词+ that 从句
3)so 修饰强调adj 或adv. so + adj / adv + that 从句
He is so clever that he can work out all the problems.
4 ) 当名词由many ，much ，few ，little 修饰时，只能用so
so many/ few+ 可数名词复数+that 从句so much/ little+ 不可数名词+that 从句There are so much time that I can play with friends.
5) too,to,= not,enough to ,. = so,.. that,.
23. 短语be willing to do sth be similar to it seems that,seem to do sth
hold on to.. according to
24. 定语从句（详见Unit 6-7 ） 1 ) 一般情况下，that 可指人，也可指物，可代替who ，whom ，which; 但不能和介词搭配。

Which 指物who ，whom ，whose 指人where 指某地when 指某时
A doctor is a person who looks after people’health.
I like the places where people are friendly.
2 ) 掌握that 的几种特殊用法（详见书上）
3 ) 掌握whom ，which 与介词的用法
Units 8-12
1. volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花费时间做某事
2. make a plan to do sth = plan to do sth 计划或某事
3. take after = be similar to 和,. 相似
4. repair = fix up 修理
5. thank you (thanks) for doing sth
6. like 表举例时“像,.”其后如果跟动词必须用doing
7. be(get) used to doing sth 习惯于做某事used to do sth 过去常常做某事
be used to do sth = be used for doing sth （某物）被用于做某事
8.辨析bring ，take ，carry ，fetch
bring 拿来take 带走carry 携带，搭乘，运载，抬fetch 取回
9. adj/adv + enough 足够,.. enough + n 足够的,.
10. divide ,..into,.. 把,. 划分成,
11. the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide.
popularity 人口+ V 三单
12. the number of (,.. 的数量) +V 三单 a number of ( 大量的) + V 复数
13. dream of doing sth 梦想做某事
14. happen = take place ( 没有被动语态)
15. 辨析forget to do sth 忘记去做某事forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
leave (left) sth somewhere 把（某物）忘在某地lose –lost--lost 丢失
16.到达arrive at / in + 地点get to + 地点reach + 地点注明：如果后面不跟地点只能用arrive
17. on time 准时in time 按时
18. wake up 醒来wake –woke –waken hang out 闲逛
19. wait (for) sbto do sth 等待某人做某事
20. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事invite sb to somewhere 邀请某人去某地
21.辨析embarrassed / embarrassing
22. show up 出现、出席stay up 熬夜
23. dress up 装扮、打扮dress sb (in) 给（某人）穿衣服
wear 穿着、戴着（表状态）put on 穿上（表动作）
24. hundreds of 数百的、thousands of 数千的、
millions of 数百万的、billions of 数十亿的。

数词+ hundred / thousand / million / billion 几百、几千、几百万、几十亿
25. marry sb 嫁给（某人）get married 和（某人）结婚
26. sell out 卖完sell –sold –sold
27. there be 句型中的be 动词用is 还是are ，取决于靠近它的主语是单数还是复数。

28.问路方式：Could you tell me (Do you know) how to get to ,,?
Could you tell me the way to ,.?
Could you tell me where I can (do sth)..?
Could you tell me where ,. is ?
Could you tell me if there is / are ,.. around here ?
29. be interested in = take an interest in + n / doing
30. 宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事。

1) prefer to do sth rather than do sth
2) would rather do sth than do sth 3) prefer doing to doing sth
注：(rather) than 后面的动词形式与前面的并列成分一致。

31. look for 寻找find 找到、发现find out 查明、弄清楚
32. be convenient to do sth 方便做某事
33. have fun = have a good time = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴
have fun doing sth 做某事很愉快
34. a good place to do sth 做某事的好地方
35. dress up as ,. 打扮成
36 when （一般后跟过去时）while （一般后跟进行时）
37. it’s necessary to do sth 做某事很有必要
38. borrow ,..from,. 向,. 借,. lend sth to sb 借给某人某物. keep 借并保存一定时间. 常与一段时间连用。

I’ve kept this book for a week. 我已经借了这本书一周了
39. wonder = want to know 想知道
40. trouble 打扰、麻烦
have trouble / difficult / problem / a hard time + doing sth 做某事很困难
41. in order to ,,为了,.. In order not to be late ，he rush to the bus stop.
42. be supposed to do sth （不）应该做某事..
43. drop by 顺便拜访
44. after all 毕竟捡起，挑选pick up 指着point at make a noise 制造噪音沿着,. 一直走,.walk down ,
45. make 的用法make + adj make sb do sth
(hear ，watch ，see ，have 等用法相同) （但变为被动语态时，其后加to
My mother made me to work 5 hours. I was made to work 5 hours.
46. make mistake 犯错
47. 辨析except / besides except （除,.. 之外）Everyone went to the beach except Jim. besides （除,. 之外，包括在内）I have a lot of friends besides Mary.
48. find(think) it + adj + to do sth. 发现、认为做某事是,,
49. 不再,.. not ,,any more ( any longer) = no more( no longer)
语法专项
动词的分类和时态
1. 动词短语。

1 ）动词+ 介词look at ，listen to ，look after ，look for ，wait for ，take after ，depend on ，think of ，hand in ，
hear from ，hear of ，study for 等，此类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放
在介词后。

Look at the blackboard. Look after it carefully.
2 ）动词+ 副词
turn off ，turn on ，turn up ，turn down ，pick up ，set up ，cheer up ，clean up ，work out ，put up ，fix up ，cut up ，give out ，give up ，give away ，put away ，think over ，put off ，use up ，hand out ，mix up ，look up ，eat up 等. 此类动词后的宾语是名词时，放在副词前后都可，若是代词，必须放在中间.
He turn off the light when he left. He picked it up and give it to me.
⑶其他动词短语：
get along with ，take pride in ，pay attention to ，make good use of ，be proud of ，keep away from ，be busy with ，be made of ，be good at ，be interested in ，come up with ，be satisfied with
2. 非延续动词buy ，lend ，borrow ，die ，begin ，stop ，finish ，arrive ，join ，go ，come 等。

不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，要用延续动词替换。

（详见现在完成时）
3.系动词be ，become ，get ，look ，seem ，turn ，sound ，smell ，taste ，feel ，keep
4. 助动词be ，have ，has ，do ，does ，did ，will ，shall ( 详见P54 ) Ⅰ.动词的五种基本形式( 详见P55 )
Ⅱ.用法：
⑴一般现在时。

1. 肯定句：主语+V 原+ 其他。

I usually go to school by bus.
主语（三单）+V 三单She plays tennis once a week.
疑问句：- Do+ 主语+V 原,,？Does+ 主语（三单）+ V 原,,？
否定句：主语+don’t + V 原. 主语（三单）+ doesn’t + V 原.
2 . 用法：⑴表示经常或习惯性发生的动作。

⑵表示客观真理、事实。

The earth goes around the sun.
⑶在时间、条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。

( if ，as soon as ，until ，when)
If it rains tomorrow ，we won’t go to the park. When I grow up ，I’ll go to Paris.
3. 时间状语：Always ，often ，sometimes ，usually ，on Sunday ，on Monday afternoon ，every day/month/year/week ，in the morning ，once a year ，twice a day ，three times a day 等
⑵一般过去时。

1 . ⑴表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

I got up late this morning.
⑵表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。

When I was in the countryside. I often swam in the river. I used to go fishing.
2 . 结构：肯定句：主语+ V 过去+ 其他。

We visited the museum last week.
My friend Tom went to the beach yesterday.
疑问句：Did+ 主语+ V 原,,？Did you go shopping with him?
Did she cook dinner for her family?
否定句：主语+didn’t+ V 原,,。

He didn’t go to see the movie last Sunday.
3 . 动词的规则变化。

4 . 时间状语：Yesterday ，last night/week/year/month ，last Sunday ，in 199
5 ，the other day ，just now ，ago 等
⑶一般将来时。

1 . 用法。

①表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。

其构成：will + V 原
肯定句：They will leave for Shanghai next week.
否定句：We won’t vi sit him tomorrow.
疑问句：Will you go to Shanghai in two weeks?
( 注：当主语为I 或we 时，问句中可用shall) where shall we meet tomorrow?
②be going to+ V 原表示计划、打算做某事。

---what are you going to do next Sunday? ---I am going to listen to music.
Look at the clouds ，there is going to rain.
③现在进行时be +Ving 有时可以表示将来。

常用这种结构的动词：go ，come ，leave ，stay ，start ，arrive We’re leaving for London.
（ 4 ）现在进行时
1. 构成：肯定句：主语+ is / am / are +ving
疑问句：Is /Am /Are + 主语+ving
否定句：主语+ isn’t / am not / aren’t + ving
2 . 用法：①表示正在进行的动作I’m reading book now.
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或状态。

They are studying hard this term.
3 . 时间状语now ，these days ，当句中有look ，listen ，can’t you see ，can you see 时Listen! He is singing.
(5) 现在完成时
1 . already / yet 已经already 一般用于肯定，与完成时态和进行时连用，也可以用于疑问句，表惊讶。

I have already finished my work.
yet 一般用于否定或疑问句。

Has she gone to school yet ? His parents haven’t been to Paris yet.
2 . 现在完成时表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作，常与for ，since 连用.
现在完成时表示动作才刚结束，但影响还在。

I have lost my pen .( 结果是我的笔丢失了，我现在没有钢笔了)
--have you found your watch yet ? --No ，I haven’t found it yet.
I have lived here for 10 years . 我已经在这里住了10 年（可能还会继续住下去）
3 . 结构：&nb sp; 肯定句：主语+ have / has +V 过分
疑问句：Have /Has + 主语+ V 过分
否定句：主语+ haven’t / hasn’t + V 过分
4 . 时间状语yet ，already ，recently ，just ，once ，never ，ever ，so far ，these days. since + 过去的时间点/ 过去时态for + 一段时间in the last(past) + 一段时间
5 . 延续和非延续动词。

在现在完成时中，有些动词不能与一段时间搭配，所以在与
for ，since 引导的肯定句搭配时，要用其他动词替代：
buy---have borrow---keep die---be dead go/leave/move---be away (from)
begin/start---be on fall asleep---be asleep finish/end---be over
join---be in/ be a + 名词come---be here open---be open close---be closed
I’ve left the school for 3 years. ( ) I’ve been away from the school for 3 years. ( )
6 . 辨析have / has been to ，have /has gone to ，have has been in
have/ has been to ,曾经去过某地，现在已经回来I have been to Paris 3 times.
have/has gone to,去了某地，现在还没回来，可能还在路上。

--where is your father ? --- he has gone to Shanghai .
have/has been in,已经在某地（呆了多久）
My family have been in Chengdu for 20 years
(6) 过去进行时
1. 结构was / were + doing
2 . 用法①表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作
---what were you doing at 9:30 last night? --- I was watching TV.
3 . when 一般接一般过去时I was doing my homework when my father came home.
while 一般接进行时While my mother was cleaning ，I went out. He was playing basketball while she was reading books.
（7 ）过去完成时
1 . 过去完成时表示过去某个时间以前好或过去某个动作以前，已经发生的动作或状态。

（过去的过去）
When I got to school ，I realized I had left my backpack at hone. By the time she got to class ，the teacher had started teaching.
2 . 结构：had + V 过分
3 . 时间状语：by the time + 表示过去的时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时。

By the time we arrived at the shop ，the bus had left.
动词、短语辨析
1 . dress ，put on ，wear
dress sb / oneself (in) 给某人穿衣。

She dressed her baby in a red skirt.
dress up 打扮、装扮The girl dressed herself up ant went to the party.
Put on （动作）穿上It’s cold outside ，put on your coat.
wear = be in 穿着、戴着Lily wears T-shirt every day. = Lily is in T-shirt every day.
2 . arrive ，get ，reach
arrive + at / in + 地点When did you arrive in Chengdu ?
get to + 地点How do you get to school ?
reach + 地点When she reached the supermarket ，her mother is shopping.
3 . die ，dead ，death ，dying
die （动词）死亡→（过去时）died His friend died 3 years ago.
dead （die 的过去分词，用于完成时，与for ，since 搭配）
His friend has been dead for 3 years.
death （名词）死亡His death is the loss （损失）of China.
dying 垂死的The poor man is dying.
4 . lose ，forget ，leave
lose 丢失、失去
forget 忘记forget to do sth / forget doing sth
leave +物体+ 地点（把某物落在某地）
5. 以must 开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must ，否定回答用needn’t
---Must I finish the work today ? ---No ，you needn’t.
---May I come in? ---No ，you mustn’t.
非谓语动词
一动词不定式
1 . 结构to + V 原/ not to +V 原
2 . 用法①作主语+ V 三单To speak English is not easy for us.
②作表语My job is to clean the room.
③作宾语He likes to play soccer.
④作宾语补足语She asked me not to speak loudly.
⑤作定语Have you got anything to eat ?
⑥作状语I went to the library to study English. （表目的）
注：作宾语的不定式如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后
加介词。

I don’t have enough time to study for the test ，so I have something to worry about.
I need a room to live in
不定式作宾语：want ，refuse ，wish ，need ，choose ，hope ，agree ，would like ，offer ，expect ，decide ，ask + to do sth
I hope to find a good job after graduating from school.
不定式作宾补：tell ， a -
sk ，want ，allow ，get ，would like ，encourage + sb (not) to do sth
My mother asks me not to play computer games before finishing homework.
不带to 的不定式: why not + do ,? Had better (not) do sth.
Would better (not) do,Could/Would/Will you (not) do,..?
另外，有些感官动词和使役动词也不带to:
Hear ，see ，watch ，notice ，feel ，let ，make ，have + sb (not) do ,. 但变为被动时，要加to
The boss made them work the whole day.
They were made to work the whole day. （被动）
感叹句
（一）what 引导
1 . what + a/an + adj + 可数名词单数+ 主语+ 谓语What a beautiful girl she is !
2 . what + adj + 可数名词复数、不可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语What sweet water it is ! （二）how 引导
How +adj / adv + 主语+ 谓语How interesting the film is !
（三）如何判断用what 还是how
凡是有 a / an 开头，多用what ；凡是adj 直接加名词的，多用what ；其他一般用how. 状语从句。