Unit4-题西方文化导论
西方文化导论
Western Culture: An Introduction（西方文化导论）Chapter 1 Culture in Ancient Greece （古希腊文化）1.Cradle of western civilization （西方文明的摇篮）---Ancient Greek“We are all Greeks.”------Percy Bysshe Shelley (珀西·比希·雪莱)When Shelley said “We are all Greeks”, he is expressing his buy-in（认同）to the then current belief that European culture could trace its roots back （追根溯源于）to the Greek ideals and customs. This would include everything: architecture, education, medicine, our basic myths and memes, government, etc.2.Phases of development )（发展阶段）Delphi 特尔斐(希腊古都)Three Ages:ca.3000-1200 BC, the Heroic Age（英雄时代）(ca. 1200-750 BC), the Greek City-State （希腊城邦）and the Persian Wars（波斯战争）(ca. 750-480 BC), the Golden Age （黄金时代）(Ca. 480-430 BC).Bronze Age Civilizations of the Aegean (ca. 3000-1200 BC):1.1Minoan[miˈnəuən] civilization 克里特文明flourished between 2000-1400 BC, when itseems to be absorbed or destroyed by the Mycenaeans.The most famous of the leg ends of Minoan culture is Minotaur [ˈmaɪnətɔ:(r)] 人身牛头怪/弥诺陶洛斯, a being “part man and part bull”.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?In Florence 佛罗伦萨（意大利都市名）and Venice()意大利港市.1.2Mycenae[maiˈsi:ni:]迈锡尼/Mycenaean [maisiˈni:ən] culture (ca. 1600-1200).By 1600 BC, the Mycenaeans had established themselves in the Aegean（爱琴海）.Around 1200 BC, the Mycenaeans attacked Troy, a commercial stronghold on the northwest coast of Asia Minor小亚细亚半岛. The ten-year-long war between Mycenae and Troy would provide the historical context for the Iliad [ˈɪliəd] （伊利亚特）and the Odyssey [ˈɒdəsi]（奥赛德）. ------ Homer（荷马）, the blind Greek poetTrojan war (特洛伊战争)------ Penelope’s web 珀涅罗珀的织物；故意拖延的策略；永远做不完的工作1.2.1The Heroic Age (ca. 1200-750 BC): after 1200 BC, more powerful, iron-bearing tribes of Dorians (多利亚人约于前1200-1000年间从巴尔干半岛北部迁入希腊，后来建立了斯巴达（Sparta）、科林斯（Corinth）、阿尔戈斯（Argos）等城邦，更多时候是作为入侵者和征服者被看待，荷马认为其野蛮黑暗), a Greek-speaking people from the north, destroyed Mycenaean civilization.Peloponnesian Wars 伯罗奔尼撒战争(431-404 BC)between Athens(雅典) and Sparta(斯巴达)；Years of internal wars weakened the once powerful Greek city-states of Sparta, Athens, Thebes（底比斯）, and Corinth（科林斯）. Philip II of Macedonia （马其顿）(northern Greece) rose to power and, in 338 BC, he rode south and conquered the cities of Thebes and Athens, uniting most of Greece under his rule. Upon Philip II ‘s death, his son, Alexander the Great（亚历山大大帝）, took control and proceeded to conquer all of the lands between Greece and India including Egypt.After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, Macedonia was defeated by Roma（罗马）at the Battleof Cynoscephalae（基诺斯山战役）in 197 BC and then again at the Battle of Pydna（皮德纳战役）in 168 BC. The Greeks were finally defeated at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC. Rome completely destroyed and plundered（掠夺）the city of Corinth as an example to other Greek cities.1.2.2The Greek City-State and the Persian Wars (ca. 750-480 BC)In 490 BC, Battle of Marathon 马拉松战役In 480 BC, Battle of the Hot Gates and Battle of Salamis 萨拉米斯海战Persian Wars(希波战争): Herodotus 希罗多德(ca. 485-425 BC), the father of history 历史之父。
西方文化导论Unit.pptx
_F_ Press de France Nouvelle.
5. Jazz was initially influenced by two kinds of Negro music: ragtime and blues.
_T_
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Text Study _4_3333 Comprehension Exercises
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
(1) Impressionism got its name from ________famous painting Impression: Sunrise.
A. Pissarro’s B. Monet’s C. van Gogh’s D. Paul Gauguin’s
Hofmann, who benefited from the movements like cubism,
_fa_u_v_i_s_m_ and expressionism.
3. Action painting is a branch of a_b_s_t_ra_c_t_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_io_n_is_m__ .
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
1. _N_e_w__Y_o_rk__ became a new centre of world art during and after
the WWII, taking over from Paris.
2. One of the representative of abstract expressionism is Hans
Unit3-题西方文化导论
Think and Discuss
Text Study
Think and Discuss
The Old Testament is the Judaist Bible which was a complete document and collection of ancient Hebrew adopted by Christianity as part of the Bible. It was written in Hebrew, including the three parts: Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. After the Old Testament was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars，many westerners began to understand Judaism by reading this book. It is not only of religious value but also of literatry value in terms of both subject matter and thematic concerns for the writers to refer to or draw on.
(1) Isaac Israeli (2) Baruch Spinoza (3) Sholem Aleyshem
(4) Issac Singer (5) Shmuel Agnon
a. pan-theological philosopher b. follower of Neo-platonism c. the Nobel Prize winner for
Unit4_题西方文化导论
Text Study
Think and Discuss
Think and Discuss
(2) What are the basic differences between Christianity and Judaism?
In spite of the fact that the two religions both derived from Jewish culture, there are some basic differences between them.
Text Study
Main Ideas
Main Ideas
• The Relationship Between Christianity and Judaism Christianity has a close relationship with Judaism, both historically and theologically. Despite its Jewish origins, it was not long before Christianity regarded itself as something other than a new Jewish sect. In the 2,000 years of history since the birth of Jesus, the relationship between Christianity and the ancient faith in which it is rooted has often been strained. Christians have criticized Jews for rejecting Jesus as their messiah, and Jews have criticized Christians for corrupting the concept of one God and following a false messiah. The New
Unit3 题西方文化导论
A. Greek
B. Germanic
C. Hebrew
D. Roman
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Please match the following names of great philosophers and writers with their achievements. (1) Isaac Israeli (2) Baruch Spinoza (3) Sholem Aleyshem (4) Issac Singer (5) Shmuel Agnon a. pan-theological philosopher b. follower of Neo-platonism c. the Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1978 d. the Mark Twain of Jews e. the Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1966
(3)
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks. the sunset of Friday and lasts to (4) The Sabbath begins from ________________ the sunset of Saturday , which was set apart by ______ __________________ Moses ______ in commemoration of as a holy day, for ___ rest and worship the completion of __________ the creation . Rosh Hashanah . (5) The Jewish New Year is called _____________
西方文化导论课后复习题
1.G ive a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age，and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology ，Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC-547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water，The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, Plato established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning.Literary representation centred round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey。
2 What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western Civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western Civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on Western Civilization.The second significant influence was that of philosophy，give sound guidance to later year people to improve and change the world outside themselves。
西方文化导论课后复习题_
••••••••••••••当前位置：›西方文化导论课后复习题西方文化导论课后复习题1.Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age，and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology ，Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC-547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water，The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, Plato established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning.Literary representation centred round the two epicpoems of the Iliad and the Odyssey。
2 What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western Civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western Civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on Western Civilization. The second significant influence was that of philosophy，give sound guidance to later year people to improve and change the world outside themselves。
西方文化导论 复习题
西方文化导论Cultural terms1.Mount Olympus2.Triumvirate3.Pulitzer4.Jacob’s Ladder5.Hesychasm6.asceticism7.Immanuel Kant8.impressionism9.the Apollonian style and the Dionysian style10.Lost Generation11.Oedipus Complex12.performance artQuestions1.What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western Civilization as ahole? Give examples.2.In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtainedfrom Greek culture? Give examples.3.Say something about Judaism and The Old Testament.4.What are the basic differences between Christianity and Judaism?5.Cite some facts to manifest the cultural achievements of the Byzantine Empire.6.What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.7.Give an account of the settings and general features of the Enlightenment.8.What do you think of the similarities and dissimilarities between realism and naturalism?9.Say something about the features and contributions of utilitarianism, utopian socialism andclassical economics.10.Try to work out the modernists influence on Chinese literature by selecting one or two figuresfor illustration.11.Give a general survey of the intellectual and ideological developments in Europe by focusingon one or two theoretical schools in the following list: positivism, pragmatism, intuitionalism, psychoanalysis, existentialism, logical atomism, logical positivism and naturalist philosophy.12.Try to recall how Chinese popular culture came into fashion in the last two or three decadeswith the introduction of Western pop music and art.。
《西方文化导论》(Quiz)
(3) ____was the first emperor in Roman Empire from 27 BC to 14 AD.
A. Caesar
B. Octavian C. Remus D. Pompey
(P.32-33)
(4) The First Triumvirate consisted of ____. A. Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, Sulla B. Pompey, Crassus, Cleopatra C. Pompey, Crassus, Julius Caesar D. Octavian, Brutus, Marius
In history, Israelite monarchy prospered with the three kings, Saul, ____. A. David and Solomon B. Moses and David C. Jacob and David D. Jacob and Solomon
D. Free Churches
Unit 5
Text True orStudy false _6_5 questions. __ F (1) Since the medieval culture retarded during almost 1000 years development, this period never enhanced Western human civilization in history. __ T (2 three parts after Charlemagne’s death signified the weakening of the centralized system. __ T (3) The spirit of the Goths formed one part of the central features of the Christian Trinity. __ T (4) The hierarchical levels of the priesthood during Medieval Ages begin with the Pope as supreme leader, followed by cardinals, archbishops, bishops and the parish priest.
西方文化导论课后习题答案
(1) Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, l i t e r a t u r e a n d s c i e n c e.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology which was fully developed by the religious tales of the Homeric epic and thus affected the later development of all kinds of Greek culture.Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC–547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water. His philosophy was materialism. He was followed by Pythagoras who assumed that the key to the understanding of the world is numbers, on the opposition of the spokesman for idealism.The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, but was keen on probing into the definition of some ethical and behavioral issues, such as “friendship”and “courage”.Plato established the Academy －the first Greek institution of higher learning. His contributions included his theory of ideas and his arguments on “republic”which was supposed to embrace his ideals about a future state where humans could enjoy a happy life. Aristotle is also a learned man and his work covers wide-ranging areas. His reputation as a philosopher largely depends on his argument on metaphysics which he tried to achieve a compromise between matter and divinity.Literary representation centred round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey, lyrical poetry by Sappho and Pindar and drama by Aeschylus, Euripides and Aristophanes. Their works combined Greek myths and social life and won much appreciation and enthusiasm from the public.In science the mathematician Euclid established plane geometry and Archimedes discovered the ratio of radius of a circle and the relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere.(2) What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western civilization as a whole Give examples.Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture. The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on the Western civilization. The Greeks were the first to successfully create a government based on the consensus of the people and thus provided a foundation for Western democracy.The second significant influence was that of philosophy. The Socratic idea about ethics and knowledge helped the Westerners care more for the effect of knowledge and value of morality, both of which give sound guidance to people in the later years to improve and change the world outside themselves, ., human society and the natural world.Later generations of Westerners have benefited a lot from Greek culture, such as those in painting, sculpture, architecture, drama, poetry and historical works. Classicism had Greek culture as one of the crucial sources, and this has helped Westerners so much that they ascribed the origin of the Renaissance to it. This changed the intellectual conditions of the later medieval period and opened the way to the modern era in the West.Chapter 21. Tell briefly the major characteristics and contributions of Roman culture, as are demonstrated in religion, poetry, history and architecture.In the early period, Roman culture often depended heavily on the introduction and imitation of other cultures, particularly, Greek culture. Thus Romans created their own powerful culture, laying the foundation for subsequentWestern culture in many fields. According to Greek culture and others’ culture; they created their own gods and myth, In poetry, ancient Rome made brilliant achievements,Livy was responsible for the great History of Rome in 142 volumes. His work has always been cited by later statesmen, writers or scholars,The architecture of Ancient Rome adopted the Greek style for its own purposes, but the Romans also developed a new kind.2. In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture Give examples.Roman culture learned and inherited a lot from Greek culture.,religion, philosophy and literature.In religion, Rome had its own system of beliefs which had been simple and could hardly compare with the plurality of Greek religion. The same is true of Roman philosophy where we could find examples ,In literature, Roman men of letters also borrowed a All in all, the two cultures are closely linkedgreat deal from Greek culture. Chapter 31. How was the Jewish civilization developed after a tortuous history of split and unificationThe major explanation for the development of the Jewish civilization is its strong cohesiveness and vitality,they put into effect their Judaist beliefs and what they read of Judaist scriptures.From then on Jews have begun to become aware of the necessicity to liberate themselves from the restrictive laws and acquire new knowledge and modern ideas from the Europeans, Most of Jews thus received a good education, fully armed with cultural and scientific knowledge and did well in their own position they could quickly turn it into a well developed nation in spite of its small size and small population .2．Say something about Judaism and The Old Testament.The Old Testament is the Judaist Bible. It was written in Hebrew, including the three parts：Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. After The Old Testament was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars，many westerners began to understand Judaism by reading this book. It is not only of religious value but also of literatry value.Chapter 41. What are the main components of Christianity and why could it be accepted as the official religion first by the Roman Empire and then by the following kingdoms or empires in Europe(1)The main components of Christianity are ：1) The Bible as the only Christian scripture;Major Christian doctrines about Trinity and Redemption;3) Other doctrines or events of Christianity:(2 )Christianity is accepted and popular in Europe because of these factors:1).For the common people in the empire ,they needed something to fill up their spiritual vacuum. Christianity could play such a role.2). It could work together with any secular regimes to offer necessary assistance.3). The name and influence of Christiaity would be a symbol of sacredness and justification,4) Christianity is also a kind of culture, it could be tolerated because their life and property could thus be secured in the changed circumstances.2. What are the basic differences between Christianity and JudaismIn spite of the fact that the two religions derived from Jewish culture, there are some basic differences between them.First is the different image of is different view of God. Jehovah is viewed He is like fire or wind .God is kinder and more helpful, Third is the different position each religion is located in and hence would make different contribution. Fourth is Jehovah was important to Jews only in theory and affect them in spirit occasionally while Christianity moved into secular life for the Westerner as Pope and churches became very powerful .Chapter 6simply the background and development of the Renaissance.It was no accident that it first occurred in Florence and Italy where the early signs of capitalism had appeared at the same time as social chaos, political disputes and military clashes , more and more people began to suspect the justification for those who held the power,Painting and sculpture were the first area to reflect the change of subjects and tastes.(2) What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance Give examples.The Renaissance is characterised by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate. Instances could be located in these areas, such as the huge change of subjects and styles in painting. The medieval painting used to centre on depicting Jesus Christ and other Christian subjects, not only effecting similar and the limited subject matter, but also depicting stylistically facial expressions and manners. The great artists in the Renaissance started to focus on the images with individualistic temperament, highlighting humanity instead of divinity, thus breaking away from the medieval frozen models and linking classicalism with human nature as the centre of their representational work.。
《西方文化导论》简单题
V Questions 30% 四选二1. Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy and literature.简述希腊文化的主要成就，如宗教、哲学和文学等。
在荷马时代，希腊宗教真正成型，并以多神论以及人类的形态和情感为特征。
希腊宗教对希腊文学、哲学和艺术作出了巨大贡献。
希腊宗教是希腊神话的重要开端，荷马史诗中的宗教故事使希腊神话得到充分的发展，从而影响了后来的各种希腊文化的发展。
希腊哲学始于泰利斯（希腊哲学家，公元前640年–公元前547年）他认为物质世界起源于水。
他的哲学属于唯物主义。
他跟着毕达哥拉斯的人认为，对世界的理解的关键是数字，对理想主义的发言人反对。
希腊哲学家的核心（代表人物）是苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德。
苏格拉底很少考虑物质财富，但热衷于探讨一些道德和行为问题的定义，例如“友谊”和“勇气”。
柏拉图建立高等学院 —— 希腊第一所高等学校。
他的贡献包括他的思想理论和他关于“共和国”的论点，这一观点包括他对未来国家的理想，即人类可以享受幸福的生活。
亚里士多德也是一个博学的人，他的工作涉及广泛的领域。
他作为哲学家的声望很大程度上取决于他关于形而上学的Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC –547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water. His philosophy was materialism . He was followed by Pythagoras who assumed that the key to the understanding of the world is numbers, on the opposition of the spokesman for idealism.文学表现围绕着伊利亚特和奥德赛这两首史诗，抒情诗有莎孚和品达，戏剧有埃斯库罗斯、欧里庇得斯和阿里斯多芬尼斯，他们的作品融合了希腊神话和社会生活，赢得了公众的赞赏和热忱。
西方文化导论复习版
西方文化导论复习版1. What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western Civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is the cradle of Western civilization and has an enormous impact on Western culture. (The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.)①Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on Western Civilization. The Greeks were the first to successfully create a government based on the consensus of the people and thus provided a foundation for Western democracy.②The second significant influence was that of philosophy. The Socratic idea about ethics and knowledge helped the Westerners care more for the effect of knowledge and value of morality, both of which give sound guidance to people to improve and change the world outside themselves, i.e. human society and the natural world.③Later generations of Westerners have benefited a lot from Greek culture, such as painting, sculpture, drama, (architecture, poetry and historical works). Classicism had Greek culture as one of the crucial sources, which helped Westerners so much that they ascribed the origin of the Renaissance to it. This changed the intellectual conditions of the later medieval period and opened the way to the modern era in the West.2. What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.The Renaissance is characterized by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending itsinfluences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation. Instances can be found in these areas , such as the huge change of subjects and styles in painting. The medieval painting used to center on depicting Jesus Christ and other Christian subjects, not only effecting similar and limited subjects but also depicting typical facial expressions and manners. The great artists in the Renaissance started to focus on the images with individualistic temperament, highlighting humanity instead of divinity, thus breaking away from stereotyped medieval models.3. Say something about the features and contributions of utilitarianism, utopian socialism and classical economics.Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined by its contribution to overall utility, That is, its contribution to the calculation of pleasure and gain one can have as a result of that action. The calculation is not just material, but spiritual or moral. Utilitarianism provides the motivation and condition for an action of any kind, either individual or collective, and offers the principle for making laws to ensure justice and equality required of a society.Utopian socialism refers to the beliefs held by early socialists, who created hypothetical visions of perfect egalitarian and communalist societies without practical consideration of actual conditions of the capitalist society they lived in and thus could not carry out their ideals due to the powerful hindrance. However some of the Utopianideals, such as those about women's equality andemancipation, were reasonable and consequently absorbed by Marxism.Classical economist is widely regarded as the beginning of modern economic thoughts. It is the idea that a free market can regulate itself. Its founders include Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus and John Stuart Mill. Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations in 1776 is considered to mark the beginning of classical economics.4. Give a general survey of the intellectual and ideological developments in Europe by focusing on one or two theoretical schools in the following list: positivism, pragmatism, intuitionalism, psychoanalysis, existentialism, logical atomism, logical positivism and naturalist philosophy.Existentialism is an important school of thought in the modern age. It is a term that has been used in the work of 19th and 20th century philosophers among whom are Soren Aabye Kierkegaard, Karl Jaspers, Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre. Despite the doctrinal differences and disagreements among them, they all take the human subject and the condition of existence as a starting point for philosophical exploration.Existential philosophy begins with a sense of confusion in the face of an absurd world. Many existentialists regard traditional philosophy, in both style and content, as too abstract and remote from concrete human experiences. Existentialism has exerted its influence upon Western literature in terms of providing the philosophical basis for the emergence of the “theatre of the absurd” in the field of play.5. Try to recall how Chinese popular culture came into fashion in the last 2 or 3 decades with the introduction of western pop music and art.Chinese popular culture came into fashion in the early 1980s along with China's opening up to the outside world. There emerged many popular singers among whom are Deng Lijun, Mao Amin, etc. Cui Jian deserves credit for his contribution to C hina’s rock music, being the first musician of the genre. Now Chinese popular music has entered a period of prosperous development in which old and new musicians compete for excellence and the audience is large in number. Popular music has become a profitable industry.As for art, both in painting and sculpture, Chinese artists have been influenced by the Western postmodernist ideas, but they are still at the early stage of learning and imitation. More and more artists begin to voice their concerns for environment, globalization, morality and many other social problems brought about by the rapid economy development.6. 人文研究的价值（无标准答案）Since Renaissance, Humanistic Studies have gradually spread in Western countries, which helps people emancipate from the religious principles. Thus, people have a good chance to know themselves and the world better. Humanism lays the ideological basis for the modern science and leads talents to explore the nature and create more inventions. It’s a process of research from god to human, from culture to science that contributes to the firm belief that the value of human is the most important.Andreas Vesalius: dissection of human bodiesBaruch Spinoza: pan-theological philosopherCleisthenes: carry out legislative reformCopernicus: heliocentrismDa Vinci: The Last SupperDaniel Defoe: Robinson CrusoeDante: The Divine ComedyDraco: punish trivial crimes with the death sentenceEmile Zola: Rougon-MacquartExpressionism: Eugene O’NeillFrancois Rabelais: GargantuaFuturism: MarinettiGaius Julius Caesar: The Civil WarGalileo: invention of the pendulum clockGeoffrey Chaucer: Canterbury TalesGoncourt brothers: Germinie LacerteuxGuy de Maupassant: The NecklaceHenry Fielding: T om JonesImagism: Ezra PoundIsaac Israeli: follower of Neo-platonismIssac Singer: the Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1978Jack London: The Sea-WolfJohn Bunyan: Pilgrim’s ProgressJohn Milton: Paradise LostJonathan Swift: Gulliver’s TravelsLivy: History of RomeMichel Montaigne: EssaisMiguel de Cervantes: Don QuixoteNewton: establishment of the modern study of opticsOvid: Appollo and DaphnePaphael Sanzio: The School of AthensPeisistratus: advocate peasants’ welfare and popular entertainments Pericles: supreme council check the behavior of leadersShmuel Agnon: the Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1966 Sholem Aleyshem: the Mark Twain of JewsSolon: abolish slave laborSymbolism: BaudelaireTerence: The Mother-in-LawTheodore Dreiser: An American TragedyVirgil: The AeneidWilliam Harvey: systemic circulationWilliam Shakespeare: A Mid-summer Night’s DreamAsceticism: A theory or practice which advocates spiritual improvement by living a particularly hard life, as is seen in the experiences of some religious practice.Jacob’s Ladder: A Biblical term suggesting a ladder to heaven which appeared in the Book of Genesis. When the Biblical patriarch Jacob fled from his brother Esau, he imagined the ladder to heaven.Lost generation: A term first used by Gertrude Stein to describe the post-World War I generation of American writers, men and women haunted by a sense of betrayal and emptiness brought about by the destructiveness of the war. The term is commonly applied to Hart Crane, Ernst Hemingway, F.Scott Fitzgerald and others.Mount Olympus is a high mountain in Greece, well-known for the “home of the gods”in Greek mythology. The deities who are said to dwell on this mountain are ruled by Zeus, including his wife, his brothers, his sisters and his children. Performance art: A term usually used to refer to a kind of advent-garde or conceptual art which grew out of the visual arts and began to be identified in the 1960s .Performance art is unconventional and often challenges the audience to think in new and unconventional ways.Pulitzer: Joseph Pulitzer was a famous Hungarian-bornAmerican journalist and newspaper publisher. He ran newspapers in St. Louis and New York City, and established and endowed the Pulitzer Prizes.The Apollonian style and the Dionysian style:The two terms by Nietzsche initiated in his The Birth of Tragedy, which refers separately to the cheerful and optimistic style and the gloomy and passionate style.。
西方文化导论(英文)
Comments on Leaves of Grass
• 1). Nature’s beauty uplifts the human spirit(line
•
•
15, 23,24 specially refer to this theme).The nature stimulate the mind of human and give them relaxing and satifatory feeling. 2). People sometimes fail to appreciate nature’s wonders as they go about their routines(17 &18) 3). Nature thrives unattended. The daffodils proliferate in splendor along the shore of the lake without the need of the human attention
2. What does “wander” mean?
Questions about the theme
3. Why do you think the poet chooses to personify daffodils in the poem?
4. What is the relation between the poet and daffodils as described in the poem? 5. What’s the function of nature?
The theme
• The poem was about nature and
describing the great power of nature which may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem. There is not only the visual effect but also the emotional response . • The choose of the word “lonely” in “I wandered lonely as a cloud” instead of other words like carefree, leisure or jolly convey to us the poet’s depression and disconsolateness悲伤 at the very beginning.
《西方文化导论》复习综合题库.doc
《西方文化导论》复习综合题库.doc《西方文化导论》综合复习第一章两方文化的起源一、填空1、希腊历史的第一页是__非洲 ________ 文明的历史。
爱琴海文明指的是爱琴海地区的青铜文化，先?形成了两大中心： _________ 和__________ ，因此又通称克里特岛一迈锡尼文化。
2、公元前_________ 年期间，是克里特文化最为繁盛的时代。
克里特文化的中心是________ ，传说中的_________ 国王建立了海上霸权，控制了整个爱琴海地区。
克里特的文字经历了象形文字和线形文字两大发展阶段，在它的繁盛期，线形文字全岛通用，这种文字又称____________ ,以区别迈锡尼的__________ 。
3、迈锡尼文化以_________ 而得名，但它实际上是希腊本土文化青铜文化的通称，是________ i继续，只不过乂加上了希腊民族文化的一些要素。
4、荷马时代的艺术主要表现为__________ ,陶器表面多用_________ 来装饰, 所以荷马吋代的考古文化通称为 __________ 风格文化。
5、爱琴海文明经历了一个盛极而衰的过程。
随着希腊文化屮心的北移，希腊文化也越来越摆脱了________ 和__________ 文明的巨大影响，形成了具冇特色的希腊民族文化。
奠定了日后 _________ 的根基。
二、名词解释1、迈锡尼文化2、荷马史诗三、问答题：1、荷马史诗的成就是什么？第二章希腊古典吋代的文化一、填空1、在A希腊史上，通常把公元前8世纪一前6世纪称为_______________ ,这是古希腊文化发展和形成的重耍时期；公元前6世纪以后直至马其顿征服希腊，称为________ ,是上古希腊文化发展的鼎盛时期；古典时代以后到奥古斯都打败安东尼这一吋期，为_________ ，是上古希腊文化广泛传播于________ 、、________ 三大洲许多地区的吋代，同时也是希腊文化没落的时代。
西方文化导论 复习版
1. What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western Civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is the cradle of Western civilization and has an enormous impact on Western culture. (The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.)①Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on Western Civilization. The Greeks were the first to successfully create a government based on the consensus of the people and thus provided a foundation for Western democracy.②The second significant influence was that of philosophy. The Socratic idea about ethics and knowledge helped the Westerners care more for the effect of knowledge and value of morality, both of which give sound guidance to people to improve and change the world outside themselves, i.e. human society and the natural world.③Later generations of Westerners have benefited a lot from Greek culture, such as painting, sculpture, drama, (architecture, poetry and historical works). Classicism had Greek culture as one of the crucial sources, which helped Westerners so much that they ascribed the origin of the Renaissance to it. This changed the intellectual conditions of the later medieval period and opened the way to the modern era in the West.2. What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.The Renaissance is characterized by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation. Instances can be found in these areas , such as the huge change of subjects and styles in painting. The medieval painting used to center on depicting Jesus Christ and other Christian subjects, not only effecting similar and limited subjects but also depicting typical facial expressions and manners. The great artists in the Renaissance started to focus on the images with individualistic temperament, highlighting humanity instead of divinity, thus breaking away from stereotyped medieval models.3. Say something about the features and contributions of utilitarianism, utopian socialism and classical economics.Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined by its contribution to overall utility, That is, its contribution to the calculation of pleasure and gain one can have as a result of that action. The calculation is not just material, but spiritual or moral. Utilitarianism provides the motivation and condition for an action of any kind, either individual or collective, and offers the principle for making laws to ensure justice and equality required of a society.Utopian socialism refers to the beliefs held by early socialists, who created hypothetical visions of perfect egalitarian and communalist societies without practical consideration of actual conditions of the capitalist society they lived in and thus could not carry out their ideals due to the powerful hindrance. However some of the Utopianideals, such as those about women's equality and emancipation, were reasonable and consequently absorbed by Marxism.Classical economist is widely regarded as the beginning of modern economic thoughts. It is the idea that a free market can regulate itself. Its founders include Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus and John Stuart Mill. Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations in 1776 is considered to mark the beginning of classical economics.4. Give a general survey of the intellectual and ideological developments in Europe by focusing on one or two theoretical schools in the following list: positivism, pragmatism, intuitionalism, psychoanalysis, existentialism, logical atomism, logical positivism and naturalist philosophy.Existentialism is an important school of thought in the modern age. It is a term that has been used in the work of 19th and 20th century philosophers among whom are Soren Aabye Kierkegaard, Karl Jaspers, Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre. Despite the doctrinal differences and disagreements among them, they all take the human subject and the condition of existence as a starting point for philosophical exploration.Existential philosophy begins with a sense of confusion in the face of an absurd world. Many existentialists regard traditional philosophy, in both style and content, as too abstract and remote from concrete human experiences. Existentialism has exerted its influence upon Western literature in terms of providing the philosophical basis for the emergence of the “theatre of the absurd” in the field of play.5. Try to recall how Chinese popular culture came into fashion in the last 2 or 3 decades with the introduction of western pop music and art.Chinese popular culture came into fashion in the early 1980s along with China's opening up to the outside world. There emerged many popular singers among whom are Deng Lijun, Mao Amin, etc. Cui Jian deserves credit for his contribution to C hina’s rock music, being the first musician of the genre. Now Chinese popular music has entered a period of prosperous development in which old and new musicians compete for excellence and the audience is large in number. Popular music has become a profitable industry.As for art, both in painting and sculpture, Chinese artists have been influenced by the Western postmodernist ideas, but they are still at the early stage of learning and imitation. More and more artists begin to voice their concerns for environment, globalization, morality and many other social problems brought about by the rapid economy development.6. 人文研究的价值（无标准答案）Since Renaissance, Humanistic Studies have gradually spread in Western countries, which helps people emancipate from the religious principles. Thus, people have a good chance to know themselves and the world better. Humanism lays the ideological basis for the modern science and leads talents to explore the nature and create more inventions. It’s a process of research from god to human, from culture to science that contributes to the firm belief that the value of human is the most important.Andreas Vesalius: dissection of human bodiesBaruch Spinoza: pan-theological philosopherCleisthenes: carry out legislative reformCopernicus: heliocentrismDa Vinci: The Last SupperDaniel Defoe: Robinson CrusoeDante: The Divine ComedyDraco: punish trivial crimes with the death sentenceEmile Zola: Rougon-MacquartExpressionism: Eugene O’NeillFrancois Rabelais: GargantuaFuturism: MarinettiGaius Julius Caesar: The Civil WarGalileo: invention of the pendulum clockGeoffrey Chaucer: Canterbury TalesGoncourt brothers: Germinie LacerteuxGuy de Maupassant: The NecklaceHenry Fielding: Tom JonesImagism: Ezra PoundIsaac Israeli: follower of Neo-platonismIssac Singer: the Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1978Jack London: The Sea-WolfJohn Bunyan: Pilgrim’s ProgressJohn Milton: Paradise LostJonathan Swift: Gulliver’s TravelsLivy: History of RomeMichel Montaigne: EssaisMiguel de Cervantes: Don QuixoteNewton: establishment of the modern study of opticsOvid: Appollo and DaphnePaphael Sanzio: The School of AthensPeisistratus: advocate peasants’ welfare and popular entertainments Pericles: supreme council check the behavior of leadersShmuel Agnon: the Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1966 Sholem Aleyshem: the Mark Twain of JewsSolon: abolish slave laborSymbolism: BaudelaireTerence: The Mother-in-LawTheodore Dreiser: An American TragedyVirgil: The AeneidWilliam Harvey: systemic circulationWilliam Shakespeare: A Mid-summer Night’s DreamAsceticism: A theory or practice which advocates spiritual improvement by living a particularly hard life, as is seen in the experiences of some religious practice.Jacob’s Ladder: A Biblical term suggesting a ladder to heaven which appeared in the Book of Genesis. When the Biblical patriarch Jacob fled from his brother Esau, he imagined the ladder to heaven.Lost generation: A term first used by Gertrude Stein to describe the post-World War I generation of American writers, men and women haunted by a sense of betrayal and emptiness brought about by the destructiveness of the war. The term is commonly applied to Hart Crane, Ernst Hemingway, F.Scott Fitzgerald and others.Mount Olympus is a high mountain in Greece, well-known for the “home of the gods”in Greek mythology. The deities who are said to dwell on this mountain are ruled by Zeus, including his wife, his brothers, his sisters and his children. Performance art: A term usually used to refer to a kind of advent-garde or conceptual art which grew out of the visual arts and began to be identified in the 1960s .Performance art is unconventional and often challenges the audience to think in new and unconventional ways.Pulitzer: Joseph Pulitzer was a famous Hungarian-born American journalist and newspaper publisher. He ran newspapers in St. Louis and New York City, and established and endowed the Pulitzer Prizes.The Apollonian style and the Dionysian style:The two terms by Nietzsche initiated in his The Birth of Tragedy, which refers separately to the cheerful and optimistic style and the gloomy and passionate style.。
西方文化导论课后复习题
1.Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age，and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology ，Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC-547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water，The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, Plato established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning.Literary representation centred round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey。
2 What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western Civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western Civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on Western Civilization. The second significant influence was that of philosophy，give sound guidance to later year people to improve and change the world outside themselves。
西方文化导论
西方文化导论一、概念题1. Da Vinci ：Leonardo di serPieroDa Vinc i was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer. Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the Renaissance Man, a man of "unquenchable curiosity" and "feverishly inventive imagination". He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived. According to art historian Helen Gardner, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent and "his mind and personality seem to us superhuman, the man himself mysterious and remote". Marco Rosci points out, however, that while there is much speculation about Leonardo, his vision of the world is essentially logical rather than mysterious, and that the empirical methods he employed were unusual for his time.2. Shakespeare：William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His surviving works, including some collaboration, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.3. black humor ：The definition of black humor is problematic; it has been argued that it corresponds to the earlier concept of gallows humor; and that, as humor has been definedsince Freud as a comedic act that anesthetizes an emotion, all humor is "black humor," and that there is no such thing as "non-black humor".二、填空题1.Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the 14 Olympic odes.2. The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.3. Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound, Persians and Bound Agamemnon.4. Euripides（欧里庇得斯）wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache, Medea, and Trojan Women.5. Comedy also flourished in the 5th century B. C. Its best writer was Aristophanes, who has left eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds.6. Euripides _ is the first writer of "problem plays".7. Herodotus（希罗多德）is often called “Father of History”. He wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians.8. Thucydides（修西得底斯）described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse, a Greek state on the Island of Sicily.9. Pythagoras（毕达哥拉斯）was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers.10. Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics.11. She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of Shecreation of Roman.12. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to 27 B.C.13. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is said by Julius Caesar.14. Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Judas.15. In 313 the Edict of Milan( 米兰敕令) was issued by Constantine I and granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal.16. In 392 A.D, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religions of the empire and outlawed all other religions.17. Charlemagne, who temporarily restored order in western and central Europe, was perhaps the most important figure of the medieval period. Romans”18. Charlemagne was crowed “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope Emperor in 800.19. The Summa Theologica 《神学大全》by St. Thomas Aquinas （forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology.20. In 18th-century England, two writers must be mentioned as far as the periodical essay is concerned: Addison and Steele.21. Both Addison and Steele contributed to The Tatler and The Spectator, two series of periodical essays.22. In 1492 Moors（摩尔人）that had ruled Spain for four centuries were driven out from their last stronghold.23. In 1492 Columbus discovered American and claimed America for Spain.24. The most important contributions to the musical world by Beethoven were in those musical forms associated with the Beethoven growth of the sonata).25. Swan Lake was composed by Tchaikovsky.三、选择题1. Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?A. in Greece and RomeB. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and FlorenceD. in Italy and Germany2. When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, and created High Renaissance?A. in the 11th centuryB. in the 15th centuryC. in the 16th centuryD. in the 17th century3. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio?A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD. Moses4. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting?A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD. Michelangelo5. Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madonna (Virgin Mary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael6. Who took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time?A. Jan HusB. John WyliffC. Martin LutherD. John Calvin9. Who is the author Institutes of the Christian Religion?A. John WycliffB. Jan HusC. John CalvinD. Erasmus11. Which of th e following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800?A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James12. Who was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and contributed greatly to the medieval European culture?A. Charles IB. Constantine IC. Alfred the GreatD. Charles the Great13. Does Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic?A. EnglishB. GermanicC. HebrewD. French14. Who is the author of the Opus Maius（《新工具论》）?A. Roger BaconB. Dante AlighieriC. ChaucerD. St. Thomas Aquinas15. Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A. AristophanesB.EuripidesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus。
Unit1 题 西方文化导论
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. (1) ____ is the major foundation in the Western culture and makes a powerful impact on the development of human civilization.
Text Study
Think and Discuss
Thiห้องสมุดไป่ตู้k and Discuss
the Renaissance to it. This changed the intellectual conditions of the later medieval period and opened the way to the modern era in the West.
B. the Golden Age
C. the Cretan Civilization
D. the Mycenaean Civilization
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. (5) The first Olympiad began in the ____ period of the Golden Age.
(3) Peisistratus
(4) Solon (5) Pericles
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercise
True of false question.
西方文化导论对于宗教的看法
西方文化导论对于宗教的看法1、( ) Do you have any difficulty _____ these flowers？I’d like to help you if you need.[单选题] *A in planting(正确答案)B for plantingC with plantingD to plant2、Alice hopes to _______ more friends at her new school. [单选题] *A. visitB. make(正确答案)C. missD. take3、Taking the subway is quite fast and cheap. It can _______ both time and money. [单选题] *A. savesB. save(正确答案)C. earnD. use4、_____you may do, you must do it well. [单选题] *A.WhichB.WheneverC.Whatever(正确答案)D.When5、I’m _______ I must be leaving now. [单选题] *A. afraid(正确答案)B. thinkC. thoughtD. free6、______ the morning of September 8th, many visitors arrived at the train station for a tour.（）[单选题] *A. FromB. ToC. InD. On(正确答案)7、--_______ do you have to do after school?--Do my homework, of course. [单选题] *A. What(正确答案)B. WhenC. WhereD. How8、My English teacher has given us some _______ on how to study English well. [单选题] *A. storiesB. suggestions(正确答案)C. messagesD. practice9、_____ is not known yet. [单选题] *A. Although he is serious about itB. No matter how we will do the taskC. Whether we will go outing or not(正确答案)D. Unless they come to see us10、At half past three she went back to the school to pick him up. [单选题] *A. 等他B. 送他(正确答案)C. 抱他D. 接他11、( ). I’m _____ in that ______ film [单选题] *A. interesting interestedB. interested interesting(正确答案)C. interested interestedD. interesting interesting12、______this story, and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. [单选题] *A. ReadingB. ReadC. To readD.Being read(正确答案)13、31．A key ring is used __________ holding the keys. [单选题] *A．toB．inC．for (正确答案)D．with14、I have worked all day. I'm so tired that I need _____ . [单选题] *A. a night restB. rest of nightC. a night's rest(正确答案)D. a rest of night15、6．—How can we get to the school?—________ bus. [单选题] * A．ToB．OnC．By(正确答案)D．At16、( ) ____ eye exercises ___ good __ your eyes. [单选题] *A. Doing, is, for(正确答案)B. Doing, are, forC. Do, is, forD. Do, are, at17、They returned successfully from ______ moon to _____ earth. [单选题] *A. /; /B. /; theC. the; the(正确答案)D. the; /18、Jim, we have _______ important to tell you right now . [单选题] *A. someB. something(正确答案)C. anyD. anything19、______ in the library. （）[单选题] *A. Don’t smokingB. No smokeC. No smoking(正确答案)D. Doesn’t smoke20、The little girl held _____ in her hand. [单选题] *A. five breadsB. five piece of breadsC. five piece of breadD. five pieces of bread(正确答案)21、Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _______. [单选题] *A. takes offB. is taking off(正确答案)C. has taken offD. took off22、His mother’s _______ was a great blow to him. [单选题] *A. diedB. deadC. death(正确答案)D. die23、65．There is a big sale on in the shop! Every-thing is ________ price. [单选题] * A．bigB．fullC．zeroD．half(正确答案)24、I’m looking forward to hearing from you _______. [单选题] *A. recentlyB. soon(正确答案)C. quicklyD. fast25、Have you done something _______ on the weekends? [单选题] *A. special(正确答案)B. soreC. convenientD. slim26、（）it is to have a cold drink on a hot day! [单选题] *A. What a great funB. How great funC. What great fun(正确答案)D. How a great fun27、41．My father is a headmaster and he is _____ charge _____ a primary school. [单选题] * A．/, ofB．/, withC．in, of (正确答案)D．in, with28、--Do you have a _______?--Yes, I _______ at a clothes store. [单选题] *A. work; workB. work; jobC. job; jobD. job; work(正确答案)29、You might not like the way Sam behaves, but please be kind to him. _____, he is your grandfather. [单选题] *A. After all(正确答案)B. Above allC. In allD. At all30、1．________my father ________ my mother is able to drive a car. So they are going to buy one. [单选题] *A．Neither; norB．Both; andC．Either; orD．Not only; but also(正确答案)。
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Comprehension Exercises
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
(1) _B_a_p_t_is_m_ is to wash off one’s original sin by sprinkling water over one’s body to indicate that one’s original sin is washed off and that one is admitted into the church.
• The Relationship Between Christianity and Judaism
Christianity has a close relationship with Judaism, both historically and theologically. Despite its Jewish origins, it was not long before Christianity regarded itself as something other than a new Jewish sect. In the 2,000 years of history since the birth of Jesus, the relationship between Christianity and the ancient faith in which it is rooted has often been strained. Christians have criticized Jews for rejecting Jesus as their messiah, and Jews have criticized Christians for corrupting the concept of one God and following a false messiah. The New
Think and Discuss
Text Study
Think and Discuss
with the improvement of the situation could the Christian disciples openly demonstrate their worship of Jesus in public.
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
(1) _____, the Christian Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
(2) _P_l_at_o_’s ideas provided a more intellectual and reasonable framework for the basic beliefs of pious Jewish people.
Main IdeasMa来自n IdeasText Study
Comprehension Exercises
True of false questions.
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Comprehension Exercises
_F_ (1) When Jesus Christ fled from his brother Esau, he imagined the ladder to heaven.
Think and Discuss
(2) What are the basic differences between Christianity and Judaism?
In spite of the fact that the two religions both derived from Jewish culture, there are some basic differences between them.
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Think and Discuss
Think and Discuss
Second are the different views of God. Jehovah is viewed with a sort of fear and solemnity since He is like fire or wind which would bring force and harm to the human race while the Christian God is kinder and more helpful, since He personally suffers as a human.
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
(4) _T_h_e_M__a_s_s is a formal rite, ceremony or service of religious worship.
(5) _E_x_c_o_m__m_u_n_i_c_at_i_o_n means a Christian is partly or completely expelled from the church, usually with the loss of his citizenship.
Main Ideas
Main Ideas
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Testament reports that Jews were the first to persecute Christians, and after Christians became the more powerful group, they frequently persecuted Jews. Today, theological disagreements between Christians and Jews remain, but efforts are being made towards greater understanding and respect between the two great faiths.
(3) _P_u_rg_a_t_o_r_y is a state or place of temporary punishment for the removal of sins not possible in any other ways.
Comprehension Exercise
Text Study
First are the different images of God. For Judaism, its God Jehovah was representation of Nature as an almighty, omnipotent and omniscient supernatural being. He is expected to provide protection for the Jews who suffered so much in history and help the Jews recover their homeland. In contrast, the Christian God Jesus is both human and divine with the origin of humanity and hence shares with humans various kinds of suffering.
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
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Comprehension Exercises
(1) Owing to the repeated conquests of Jerusalem by various aggressors, like _A_l_e_x_a_n_d_e_r _th_e__G_r_e_a_t and _th_e__R_o_m__a_n_s , the Jews suffered a great deal from the violent suppression and the final loss of their homeland.
(2) _A_n_o_i_n_tm__e_n_t is a ritual where a priest put specially-made oil on the dying to show benefaction and forgiveness of the sin in that person’s lifetime.
_T_ (2) Christianity is a kind of culture. _T_ (3) Before the 4th century, Christians had been persecuted in
Roman Empire. _F_ (4) Jewish culture and religion were immensely enriched by
Fourth is that Jehovah was important to Jews only in theory and affected them in spirit occasionally while Christianity became an inseparable part of the secular life of the Westerners. Pope and churches became so powerful that they even tried to seize more political power from the emperors or kings who had to depend sometimes on the Christian church for both spiritual and political support since Christianity could easily exert its influence on the church people and non-church people.