基于ASP开发Web应用程序论文-外文翻译+原文

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开发一个ASP网站所应用的工具毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：开发一个ASP网站所应用的工具文献、资料英文题目：ASP development of a site by the use of tools 文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14ASP development of a site by the use of tools1. DreamweaverMacromedia Dreamweaver is a professional HTML editor for visually designing and managing web sites and pages. Whether you enjoy the control of hand-coding HTML or prefer to work in a visual editing environment, Dream weaver makes it easy to get started and provides you with helpful tools to enhance your Web design experience.Dreamweaver includes many coding tools and features: an HTML, CSS, and JavaScript reference, a JavaScript debugger, and code editors (the Code view and Code inspector) that allow you to edit JavaScript, XML technology imports HTML documents without reformatting Macromedia’s Roundtrip HTML technology imports HTML documents without reformatting the code and you can set Dream weaver to clean up and reformat HTML when you want it to .Dreamweaver’s visual editing features also let you quickly add design and functionality to your pages without writing a line of code. You can view all your site elements or assets and drag them from an easy-to-use panel directly into a document. Streamline your development workflow by creating and editing images in Macromedia Fireworks, then importing them directly into Dream weaver, or by adding Flash objects you create directly in Dreamweaver.Dreamweaver is fully customizable. Use Dreamweaver to create your own objects and commands, modify keyboard shortcuts, and even write JavaScript code to extend Dreamweaver’s capabilities with new behaviors, property inspectors and site reports.The Dreamweaver work areaLet’s start wi th a brief overview of the Dreamweaver work area.If you haven’t already launch Dreamweaver, double-click the Dream weaver icon to launch it.The Dreamweaver work area accommodates different styles of working and levels of expertise.When you launch Dreamweaver, the following work area items open:The Document window displays the current document as you create and edit it.The Objects panel contains icons you click to insert objects in you document.Dreamweaver provides many floating panels, such as the HTML Styles panel and the code inspector which enable you to work with other Dreamweaver elements.The Launcher bar contains buttons for opening and closing your most frequently used inspectors and panels.The Property inspector displays properties for the selected object or text, and lets you modify those properties.(Which properties appear in the inspector depend on the object actively selected in the document.)To open Dreamweaver’s windows, inspectors and panels, use the Window menu. A check mark next to an item in the Window menu indicates that the named item is currently open(though it may be hidden behind other windows). To display an item that isn’t currently open, choose the item name from the menu or use its keyboard shortcut.Working in DreamweaverDreamweaver can display a document in three ways: in Design view, in Code view, and in a split view that shows both the design and code.(To change the view in which you’re working ,select a view in the Dream weaver toolbar.)By default, Dreamweaver displays the document window in design view.In addition, you can work with Dreamweaver’s design view in two different ways in layout view and standard view.( You select these views in the view category of the objects panel.) In layout view you can design a page layout. Insert graphics, text, and other media; in standard view, in addition to inserting graphics text and media, you can also insert layers, create frame documents, create tables, and apply other changes to your page-options that aren’t available in layou t view.2.DatabaseYou know that a database is a collection of logically related data elements that maybe structured in various ways to meet the multiple processing and retrieval needs of organizations and individuals. There’s nothing new about databases-early ones were chiseled in stone, penned on scrolls, and written on index cards. But now databases are commonly recorded on magnetically media, and computer programs are required toperform the necessary storage and retrieval operations.You’ll see in the following pages that complex data relationships and linkages maybe found in all but the simplest databases. The system software package that handles the difficult tasks associated with creating, accessing, and maintaining database records is called a database management system(DBMS).The programs in a DBMS package establish an interface between the database itself and the users of the database.(These users may be applications programmers, managers and others with information needs, and various OS programs.)A DBMS can organize, process, and present selected data elements from the database. This capability enables decision makers to search, probe, and query database contents in order to extract answers to nonrecurring and unplanned questions that aren’t avail able in regular reports.These questions might initially be vague and/or poorly defined, but people can “browse” through the database until they needed information. In short, the DBMS will “manage” the stored data items and assemble the needed items from t he common database in response to the queries of those who aren’t programmers. Ina file-oriented system, users needing special information may communicate their needs to programmer, who, when time permits, will write one or more prepare the information.The availability of a DBMS, however, offers users a much faster alternative communications path.3. SQL AND SQL SERVERIBM invented a computer language back in the 1970s designed specifically for database queries called SEQUEL; those letters stand for Structured English QUERY for queries, but can also build databases and manage the database engine’s security. Because of this heritage you can pronounce it “sequel” or spell it out “S-Q-L.” There are various versions of SQL used in today’s database engines. Micro soft SQL Server uses a version called Transact-SQL, or T-SQL, which stands for Transaction SQL.⑴What Is SQL Server?SQL Server is a client/server relational database management system (RDBMS)that use Transact-SQL to send requests between a client an SQL Server.⑵Client/Server ArchitectureThe terms client, server, and client/server can be used to refer to very general concepts or to specific items of hardware or software. At the most general level, a client is any component of a system that requests services or resources from other components of a system. A server is any component of a system that provides services or resources to other components of a system.For example, when you print a document from your workstation on a network, the workstation is the client and the machine that does the print spooling is the server.Any client/server data-base system consists of the following components:The server—A collection of data items and supporting objects organized and presented to facilitate services, such as searching ,sorting , recombining ,retrieving, updating ,and analyzing data.. The database consists of the physical storage of data and the data base services. All data access occurs through the server; the physical data is never accessed directly by the client.The client—A software program that might be used interactively by a person or that could be an automated process. This includes all software that interacts with the server, either requesting data from or sending data to the database.The communication between the client and the server---- The communication between the client and the server depends largely on how the client and server are implemented. Both physical and logical layers of communication can be identified.When you communicate with someone using the telephone, the telephone system is the physical layer and a spoken natural language is the logical layer of communication. For a data-based system, the physical layer can be a network if the server and the client are on different computers. It can be intercrosses communication if the server and the client are on the same computer. The logical communication structure of the physical layer may be low-level operating system calls, a proprietary data access language, or the open structured query language (SQL)4. IISInternet Information Server is the acronym (IIS) is a World Wide Web server. Gopher server and FTP server all inclusive inside. IIS means that you can publish web pages, and there are ASP (Active Server Pages), JAVA, VBscript generated pages, with someextensions. IIS support some interesting things, like the editorial environment interface (FRONTPAGE), a full-text search function (INDEX SERVER), a multimedia capabilities (NET SHOW)Secondly, IIS is with Windows NT Server 4.0 to provide the documents and application server, Windows NT Server is built on the basic Internet server components. Windows NT Server and its fully integrated, allowing the use of Windows NT Server built-in security, and the NTFS file system build a powerful and flexible Internet / Intranet site.IIS (Internet Information Server, Internet Information Services) is a Web (Web) services components, including Web server, FTP server, NNTP server and the SMTP server, were used for web browsing, file transfer, mail and news services and so on It makes the network (including the Internet and LAN) on the release of information has become a very easy matter.IIS is the abbreviation for Internet Information Server, Microsoft is pushing the main server, the latest version is included Windows2000 inside the IIS 5, IIS and WindowNT Server fully integrated together, so users can use Windows NT Server and NTFS (NT File System , NT file system) built-in security features, building a strong, flexible and secure Internet and Intranet sites.IIS support HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol, file transfer protocol) and SMTP protocol, through the use of CGI and ISAPI, IIS can be a high degree of expansion.IIS support has nothing to do with the language of the script preparation and components, through the IIS, developers can develop a new generation of dynamic, full of charm of the Web site. IIS does not require developers to learn new scripting language or compiler applications, IIS full support for VBScript, JScript software development and Java, it also supports the CGI and WinCGI, and the expansion and ISAPI filter.IIS is designed to establish a set of integrated server services to support HTTP, FTP and SMTP, it can provide quick and integration of existing products, while expansion of the Internet server.。

ASP NET 2.0网页和Web控件-外文翻译

外文翻译毕业设计题目：基于的物业管理系统开发原文1： 2.0 Web Pagesand Web Controls译文1： 2.0 网页和Web控件原文2：The Role of Global.asax File 译文2：Global.asax文件的作用原文1 2.0 Web Pages and Web Controls U ntil now, all of the example applications in this text have focused on console-based and Windows Forms front ends. In this chapter and the next, you’ll explore how the .NET platform facilitates the construction of browser-based presentation layers. To begin, you’ll quickly review a number of key web-centric concepts (HTTP, HTML, client-side, and server-side script) and the role of the web server (including the development server, WebDev.WebServer.exe).With this web primer out of the way, the remainder of this chapter concentrates on the composition of (including the enhanced code-behind model) and how to work with web controls. As you will see, 2.0 provides a number of new web controls, a new “master page”model, and various customization techniques.The Role of HTTPWeb applications are very different animals from traditional desktop applications (to say the least).The first obvious difference is that a production-level web application will always involve at least two networked machines (of course, during development it is entirely possible to have a single machine play the role of both client and server). Given this fact, the machines in question must agree upon a particular wire protocol to determine how to send and receive data. The wire protocol that connects the computers in question is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).When a client machine launches a web browser (such as Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox,or Microsoft Internet Explorer), an HTTP request is made to access a particular resource (such as an *.aspx or *.htm file) on the remote server machine. HTTP is a text-based protocol that is built upon a standard request/response paradigm. For example, if you navigate to www. , the browser software leverages a web technology termed Domain Name Service (DNS) that converts the registered URL into a four-part, 32-bit numerical value (aka an IP address). At this point, the browser opens a socket connection (typically via port 80) and sends the HTTP request for the default page at the website.Once the hosting web server receives the incoming HTTP request, the specified resource may contain logic that scrapes out any client-supplied input values (such as values within a text box) in order to format a proper HTTP response. Web programmers may leverage any number of technologies (CGI, ASP, , Java servlets, etc.) to dynamically generate the content to be emitted into theHTTP response. At this point, the client-side browser renders the HTML emitted from the web server.Another aspect of web development that is markedly different from traditional desktop programming is the fact that HTTP is an essentially stateless wire protocol. As soon as the web server emits a response to the client, everything about the previous interaction is forgotten. Therefore, as a web developer, it is up to you take specific steps to “remember” information (such as items in a shopping cart) about the clients who are currently logged on to your site. As you will see in the next chapter, provides numerous ways to handle state, many of which are commonplace to any web platform (session variables, cookies, and application variables) as well as some new techniques (view state, control state, and the cache).Understanding Web Applications and Web ServersA web application can be understood as a collection of files (*.htm, *.asp, *.aspx, image files, etc.) and related components (such as a .NET code library) stored within a particular set of directories on a given web server. As shown in Chapter 24, web applications have a specific life cycle and provide numerous events (such as initial startup or final shutdown) that you can hook into.A web server is a software product in charge of hosting your web applications, and it typically provides a number of related services such as integrated security, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) support, mail exchange services, and so forth. Internet Information Server (IIS) is Microsoft’s enterprise-level web server product, and as you would guess, it has intrinsic support for classic ASP as well as web applications.When you build web applications, you will often need to interact with IIS. Be aware, however, that IIS is not automatically selected when you install the Windows Server 2003 or Windows XP Professional Edition (you can’t install IIS on the Home editions of Windows). Therefore, depend ing on the configuration of your development machine, you may be required to manually install IIS before proceeding through this chapter. To do so, simply access the Add/Remove Program applet from the Control Panel folder and select Add/Remove Windows Components.Working with IIS Virtual DirectoriesA single IIS installation is able to host numerous web applications, each of which resides in a virtual directory. Each virtual directory is mapped to a physical directory on the local hard drive. Therefore,if you create a new virtual directory named CarsRUs, the outside world can navigate to this site using a URL such as (assuming your site’s IP address has been registeredwith the world at large). Under the hood, the virtual directory maps to a physical root directory such as C:\inetpub\wwwroot\AspNetCarsSite, which contains the content of the web application.When you create web applications using Visual Studio 2005, you have the option of generating a new virtual directory for the current website. However, you are also able to manually create a virtual directory by hand. For the sake of illustration, assume you wish to create a simple web application named Cars. The first step is to create a new folder on your machine to hold the collection of files that constitute this new site (e.g., C:\CodeTests\CarsWebSite).Next, you need to create a new virtual directory to host the Cars site. Simply right-click the Default Web Site node of IIS and select New ➤Virtual Directory from the context menu. This menu selection launches an integrated wizard. Skip past the welcome screen and give your website a name (Cars). Next, you are asked to specify the physical folder on your hard drive that contains the various files and images that represent this site (in this case, C:\CodeTests\CarsWebSite).The final step of the wizard prompts you for some basic traits about your new virtual directory (such as read/write access to the files it contains, the ability to view these files from a web browser, the ability to launch executables [e.g., CGI applications], etc.). For this example, the default selections are just fine (be aware that you can always modify your selections after running this tool using variousright-click Property dialog boxes integrated within IIS).译文1作者：迪诺·弗雷国籍：美国出处： 2.0 and Data-Bound Controls 2.0网页和Web控件到现在为止，本书的示例应用程序主要集中在控制台和基于Windows窗体前端。

ASP外文翻译+原文

ASP Banner Ad SystemTo the Reader from Joe: This is a user-submitted tutorial by the author above. I have read the tutorial and set the format to fit HTML Goodies, but for the most part have not changed the language. I chose this tutorial because many readers have been asking for more ASP tutorials. This is a great one.Sorry I cannot show you the event here. The HTML Goodies servers do not offer ASP. I will tell you though that if you run IE5.0 or better, open the contents of the zip file into a directory and it runs just fine.If you haven't already, you may want to read my introductory ASP tutorial before this one. If not, then enjoy.There may be a point in your web design career, where your site becomes real popular. That is when companies become interested in advertising on your site. A Banner Ad system can be built to control all those advertisements that you are so willing to display, for a price. Active Server Pages makes it very easy to create a banner ad system. So easy, that the Microsoft ASP developers created an "AdRotator" component for the occasion. Before you begin reading this article, make sure you download the support material below.The files included aread.txtbanner.asp3 banner imagesclicks.aspexample.aspredirect.aspad.txtIn order for the AdRotator component to work, you must configure a text file. This text file contains all the banner ad properties. However, The text file must follow a certain format. The first four lines are as follows：REDIRECT redirect.aspWIDTH 400HEIGHT 50*REDIRECTWhen a banner is clicked, the "AdRotator" component goes to a preliminary page. This page is called a redirect page. The redirect page handles any extra programming events before directing a user to the banners destination. In this example banner system, I called the preliminary file "redirect.asp".WIDTHThis sets the width of the banner ad image. The value must be in pixels.HEIGHTThis sets the height of the banner ad image. The value must be in pixels.*The asterisk tells the "AdRotator" component that it is about to acquire banner ad information. The asterisk is required.Once you define the general properties above the asterisk, then comes the list of banners to display. In the ad.txt file, there are three banners defined below the asterisk.banner1.jpg20banner2.jpg30banner3.jpg30Each banner requires four lines of properties, which follow the format below：Image filenameWeb AddressDescriptionBanner WeightImage FileThe image filename can be a fully qualified web address or relative name that points to the image. If the image is in a different folder, then you also include the folder name as well.(/banner1.jpg, banner1.jpg, or foldername/banner.jpg)>Web AddressThe web address can be a page on your site or a fully qualified web address that leads to another site.DescriptionThe description will be displayed as a tool tip. When you rest your mouse over the banner, the description pops up.Banner WeightThe banner weight determines how much a banner is displayed. The "AdRotator" component adds all of the banner weights and determines theprobability or percent chance of a particular banner being displayed. A banner with a higher weight has better a better probability.NOTE: You can disable a banners property by substituting with a dash. banner3.jpg-30The example entry above would create a banner ad that does not have a web address.Banner.aspThis file uses the "AdRotator" component and analyzes the contents of the ad.txt file. Below is the code.sub banner(strTarget)dim bannerad, htmlset bannerad = server.CreateObject("MSWC.adrotator")bannerad.TargetFrame = strTargethtml = bannerad.GetAdvertisement("ad.txt")Response.Write htmlend subThe first thing to note is that the ASP was written with VBScript. The second thing to note is that the code is written inside a sub procedure called banner(strTarget).For those of you who do not know, a sub procedure allows you to group together a bunch of code that can be reused over and over. Like a function, it takes an argument, such as a word or variable. In the code above the argument is strTarget.Unlike a function, a sub-procedure does not return any values, it just executes the code inside line by line.Inside the sub I declare two variables...dim bannerad, htmlNext I store the "AdRotator" component inside the "bannerad" variable. When storing a component inside a variable you use the set keyword. Since we are programming server-side with ASP, we use server.CreateObject to summon the component. "MSWC.adrotator" is the component key or name value.set bannerad = server.CreateObject("MSWC.adrotator")Next I use a property of the "AdRotator" called "TargetFrame". This property is equivalent to：html = bannerad.GetAdvertisement("ad.txt")Finally, I want to print the contents of the "html" variable. This prints the code that displays the banner images.Response.Write htmlRedirect.aspThis is the file that is processed before someone is redirected to the banners web address. Inside this file, we can capture information like how many times a particular banner is clicked and so on. To start things off, I defined a variable called "strUrl".Dim strUrlNext I store a querystring value inside this new variable.strUrl = Request.Querystring("url")A querystring is nothing more than a bunch of name/value pairs attached to a web address. When a user clicks on a banner, the "AdRotator" component attaches a querystring to the redirect file. So if we were to click banner1.jpg, defined in ad.txt, we would end up with a redirect web address that looks like so.Redirect.asp?url=&image=banner1.jpgIn essence assigning "Request.Querystring("url") to "strUrl", is the same as assigning to it.Finally, I check to see which banner was clicked. I accomplish this with the VBSCript inStr( ) function.if instr(strUrl, "htmlgoodies") thenApplication.Lockapplication("htmlgoodies") = application("htmlgoodies") + 1Application.UnLockResponse.ClearResponse.Redirect strUrlend ifThe inStr( ) function returns the number position of a sub-word (sub-string) within another word (string). The format is as followsInStr(main word, sub-word)If the sub-word exist within the main word, then the function will equal a number greater-than zero or true. If the sub-word does not exist, then the function will equal zero or false. In the example above, I check to see if "htmlgoodies" exist within . Since the answer is true, then the code inside the if... then... statement will execute.Inside the if... then... I use an application variable. An application variable is native to ASP. Application variables store information as long as a web application exist, a web application ceases to exist when say someone shuts off the web hosting server. The beauty of an application variable is that you can define it on one web page and use it in other web pages within your web application. The downfall is that the users computer must have cookies enabled.Anyways, the code adds one to the application variable, every time a banner is clicked. After one is added, the code redirects to the banners web page. So if banner1 was clicked then you shall be redirected to "".Response.Redirect strUrlExample.aspThis is an example page that uses the banner ad system. When you refresh the page, you should most likely see a different banner. Whenever you want to insert the banner ad on a page, you can use the SSI directive below...Once you include the file above, then you can call the sub-procedure inside the banner.asp file like so...Call banner("_blank")Notice that I supply one of the values for the "TargetFrame" as an argument. So if the banner is clicked, then the web page should open up in a separate browser window.Clicks.aspThis is a very simple page that displays the number of clicks per banner ad. To display the number of times a banner was clicked, you just print the contents of the application variables that were created inside "redirect.asp". Pretty nifty. <% =application("htmlgoodies") %>ASP横幅广告系统乔给读者的话：这是一个由用户提交上述笔者的教程。

ASP.NET外文翻译

TechniqueAnd not only being Active Server Page (ASP) next edition, be that a kind of builds the procedure truss on General Purpose Language , can be used to build Web application big and powerful coming one Web server. provides a lot of bigger and powerful than Web now exploitation pattern advantage.Carry out wide efficiency rise is that General Purpose Language-based procedure is run on the server. Carry out compiling , carry out effect , certainly compete with each other in a bar like this when working first unlike that before ASP explaining procedure immediately, but being that procedure is held in the server make an explanation strong many.The world-level implement holds outThe truss is to be able to use up to the minute product of Microsoft (R) company Visual exploitation environment to carry out exploitation , WYSIWYG (what What Y ou See Is What Y ou Get is gains) editor. These are only strong-rization one fraction of software support.Big and powerful and adaptabilityIts big and powerful and adaptability compiling and translating working procedure , reason why because of is General Purpose Language-based, on being able to make it run 2000 Server applying the upper (author of nearly all platform of software developer to Web knowing it can only use in Windows up to now only). General Purpose Language fundamental warehouse , information mechanism, data interface treatment all can have no integrating sewing applying middle to the Web. is also that language-independent language melts on one's own at the same time, reason why, you can choose one kind of the procedure being fit to compile and compose you coming your language most , your procedure is written or coming using very various language, (the association having C # C + + and Java) , VB , Jscript already holding out now. Such various program language associate ability protects your COM + exploitation-based procedure now in the future, the transplanting being able to entirely faces .Simplicity and easy to learn is that dignity verifies , the distribution system and website allocation become very simple run a few very common missions submit customer whole course of if the form is single. That the for example page of face truss allows you to foundyour own consumer interface, makes the person be unlike the common VB-Like interface. Besides, that General Purpose Language facilitates exploitation makes to become simple accommodating oneself to of software combining with a code like assembling a computer.High-effect but administrationThat uses one kind of character basis's , classification's deploys system , makes your server environment and the application interposition especially simple. Because of allocation information all preserves in simple version , new interposition has an implement to may all do not need to start local administrative person can come true. That this is called "Zero Local Administration philosophy concept makes because of applicative exploitation more concrete, and rapid. A application requires that simple copy few must get a document , not requiring that systematic again starting , everything are that such is simple in systematic installation of one server.Many processor environments reliabilityThe quilt already designs painstakingly becoming one kind of the exploitation implement being able to be used for many processor , it uses peculiar seamless the speed linking a technology , very big rise being run to sew under many processor environments. Even if that your now applies a software is to be that one processor is development many processor do not require that any changes the efficacy being able to improve them when working, but ASP now cannot achieve indeed in the future this one point.Certainly definition, and augmentabilityWhen is designed have considered the module let website develop a personnel to be able to be hit by self definition plug-in in self code. This is different from original inclusion relation , can add self definition's how module. Website procedure exploitation has been all along not so simple.SecurityOwing to that the Windows attestation technology and every application deplo ying , you can be true your plain procedure is now and then absolutely safe.The grammar to a great extent with ASP compatible, it provides one kind of new programming model and structure at the same time , may generate flexibility and much better application of stability , provide the much better safeguard and. Add the function gradually in being able to pass in now available ASP application, function strengthening ASP application at any time. is that one already has compiled and translated, because of. The NET environment, runs General Purpose Language-based procedure on the server. Carry out compiling when procedure is held in the server working first, than ASP makes it snappy immediately on INTERP speed many. And be to be able to use any and. Compatible language of NET (includes Visual Basic. NET , C # and Jscript. NET.) Create application. Besides, any application all can be put into use entire. NET Framework. The personnel who develops can gain these technology merit conveniently , include the trusteeship common language running warehouse environment , type safety , inheriting and so on among them. can edit an implement seamlessly with WYSIWYG HTML and weave the Cheng implement other (including Microsoft Visual Studio. NET) works together. Page of GUI and completely integrated debugging this not only feasible Web is developed to go to the lavatory especially, and can provide all merit that these implements provide be obliged to , include Web developing a personnel to be able to be used server control drag and drop to be arrived at hold out.While establishing application, the personnel who develops can use the Web window body or XML Web services , carry out combination or with any way that they regard as rightly. That every function all can get the same architectural support, makes you be able to use dignity to verify a scheme , the data that slow exist often uses, carries out self definition on the application allocation or.2. Building Pages and the .NET Framework is part of Microsoft's overall .NET framework, which contains a vast set of programming classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. In the following two sections, you learn how fits within the .NET framework, and you learn about the languages you can use in your pages.The .NET Framework Class LibraryImagine that you are Microsoft. Imagine that you have to support multiple programming languages—such as Visual Basic, JScript, and C++. A great deal of the functionality of these programming languages overlaps. For example, for each language, you would have to include methods for accessing the file system, working with databases, and manipulating strings.Furthermore, these languages contain similar programming constructs. Every language, for example, can represent loops and conditionals. Even though the syntax of a conditional written in Visual Basic differs from the syntax of a conditional written in C++, the programming function is the same.Finally, most programming languages have similar variable data types. In most languages, you have some means of representing strings and integers, for example. The maximum and minimum size of an integer might depend on the language, but the basic data type is the same.Maintaining all this functionality for multiple languages requires a lot of work. Why keep reinventing the wheel? Wouldn't it be easier to create all this functionality once and use it for every language?The .NET Framework Class Library does exactly that. It consists of a vast set of classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. For example,the .NET framework contains classes for handling database access, working with the file system, manipulating text, and generating graphics. In addition, it contains more specialized classes for performing tasks such as working with regular expressions and handling network protocols.The .NET framework, furthermore, contains classes that represent all the basic variable data types such as strings, integers, bytes, characters, and arrays.Most importantly, for purposes of this book, the .NET Framework Class Library contains classes for building pages. You need to understand, however, that you can access any of the .NET framework classes when you are building your pages.Understanding NamespacesAs you might guess, the .NET framework is huge. It contains thousands of classes (over 3,400). Fortunately, the classes are not simply jumbled together. The classes of the .NET framework are organized into a hierarchy of namespaces.ASP Classic NoteIn previous versions of Active Server Pages, you had access to only five standard classes (the Response, Request, Session, Application, and Server objects). , in contrast, provides you with access to over 3,400 classes!A namespace is a logical grouping of classes. For example, all the classes that relate to working with the file system are gathered together into the System.IO namespace. The namespaces are organized into a hierarchy (a logical tree). At the root of the tree is the System namespace. This namespace contains all the classes for the base data types, such as strings and arrays. It also contains classes for working with random numbers and dates and times.You can uniquely identify any class in the .NET framework by using the full namespace of the class. For example, to uniquely refer to the class that represents a file system file (the File class), you would use the following:System.IO.FileSystem.IO refers to the namespace, and File refers to the particular class.NOTEYou can view all the namespaces of the standard classes in the .NET Framework Class Library by viewing the Reference Documentation for the .NET Framework. Standard NamespacesThe classes contained in a select number of namespaces are available in your pages by default. (You must explicitly import other namespaces.) These default namespaces contain classes that you use most often in your applications:System— Contains all the base data types and other useful classes such as those related to generating random numbers and working with dates and times.System.Collections— Contains classes for working with standard collection types such as hash tables, and array lists.System.Collections.Specialized— Contains classes that represent specializedcollections such as linked lists and string collections.System.Configuration— Contains classes for working with configuration files (Web.config files).System.Text— Contains classes for encoding, decoding, and manipulating the contents of strings.System.Text.RegularExpressions— Contains classes for performing regularexpression match and replace operations.System.Web— Contains the basic classes for working with the World Wide Web, including classes for representing browser requests and server responses.System.Web.Caching— Contains classes used for caching the content of pages and classes for performing custom caching operations.System.Web.Security— Contains classes for implementing authentication and authorization such as Forms and Passport authentication.System.Web.SessionState— Contains classes for implementing session state.System.Web.UI— Contains the basic classes used in building the user interface of pages.System.Web.UI.HTMLControls— Contains the classes for the HTML controls.System.Web.UI.WebControls— Contains the classes for the Web controls..NET Framework-Compatible LanguagesFor purposes of this book, you will write the application logic for your pages using Visual Basic as your programming language. It is the default language for pages. Although you stick to Visual Basic in this book, you also need to understand that you can create pages by using any language that supports the .NET Common Language Runtime. Out of the box, this includes C#, , and the Managed Extensions to C++.NOTEThe CD included with this book contains C# versions of all the code samples.Dozens of other languages created by companies other than Microsoft have been developed to work with the .NET framework. Some examples of these other languages include Python, SmallTalk, Eiffel, and COBOL. This means that you could, if you really wanted to, write pages using COBOL.Regardless of the language that you use to develop your pages, you need to understand that pages are compiled before they are executed. This means that pages can execute very quickly.The first time you request an page, the page is compiled into a .NET class, and the resulting class file is saved beneath a special directory on your server named Temporary Files. For each and every page, a corresponding class file appears in the Temporary Files directory. Whenever you request the same page in the future, the corresponding class file is executed.When an page is compiled, it is not compiled directly into machine code. Instead, it is compiled into an intermediate-level language called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). All .NET-compatible languages are compiled into this intermediate language.An page isn't compiled into native machine code until it is actually requested by a browser. At that point, the class file contained in the Temporary Files directory is compiled with the .NET framework Just in Time (JIT) compiler and executed.The magical aspect of this whole process is that it happens automatically in the background. All you have to do is create a text file with the source code for your page, and the .NET framework handles all the hard work of converting it into compiled code for you.ASP CLASSIC NOTEWhat about VBScript? Before , VBScript was the most popular language for developing Active Server Pages. does not support VBScript, and this is good news. Visual Basic is a superset of VBScript, which means that Visual Basic has all the functionality of VBScript and more. So, you have a richer set of functions and statements with Visual Basic.Furthermore, unlike VBScript, Visual Basic is a compiled language. This means that if you use Visual Basic to rewrite the same code that you wrote with VBScript, you can get better performance.If you have worked only with VBScript and not Visual Basic in the past, don't worry. Since VBScript is so closely related to Visual Basic, you'll find it easy to make the transition between the two languages.NOTEMicrosoft includes an interesting tool named the IL Disassembler (ILDASM) with the .NET framework. You can use this tool to view the disassembled code for any of the classes in the Temporary Files directory. It lists all the methods and properties of the class and enables you to view the intermediate-level code.This tool also works with all the controls discussed in this chapter. For example, you can use the IL Disassembler to view the intermediate-level code for the TextBox control (located in a file named System.Web.dll).Introducing Controls controls provide the dynamic and interactive portions of the user interface for your Web application. The controls render the content that the users of your Web site actually see and interact with. For example, you can use controls to create HTML form elements, interactive calendars, and rotating banner advertisements. controls coexist peacefully with HTML content. Typically, you create the static areas of your Web pages with normal HTML content and create the dynamic or interactive portions with controls.The best way to understand how controls work in an HTML page is to look at a simple Web Forms Page.Adding Application Logic to an PageThe second building block of an page is the application logic, which is the actual programming code in the page. You add application logic to a page to handle both control and page events.If a user clicks a Button control within an HTML form, for example, the Button control raises an event (the Click event). Typically, you want to add code to the page that does something in response to this event. For example, when someone clicks the Button control, you might want to save the form data to a file or database.Controls are not the only things that can raise events. An page itself raises several events every time it is requested. For example, whenever you request a page, the page's Load event is triggered. You can add application logic to the page that executes whenever the Load event occurs.3. Building Forms with Web Server ControlsBuilding Smart FormsYou use several of the basic Web controls to represent standard HTML form elements such as radio buttons, text boxes, and list boxes. You can use these controls in your pages to create the user interface for your Web application. The following sections provide detailed overviews and programming samples for each of these Web controls.Controlling Page NavigationIn the following sections, you learn how to control how a user moves from one page to another. First, you learn how to submit an HTML form to another page and retrieve form information. Next, you learn how to use the Redirect() method to automatically transfer a user to a new page. Finally, you learn how to link pages together with the HyperLink control.Applying Formatting to ControlsIn the following sections, you learn how to make more attractive Web forms. First, you look at an overview of the formatting properties common to all Web controls; they are the formatting properties of the base control class. Next, you learn how to apply Cascading Style Sheet styles and classes to Web controls.4. Performing Form Validation with Validation Controls Using Client-side ValidationTraditionally, Web developers have faced a tough choice when adding form validation logic to their pages. You can add form validation routines to yourserver-side code, or you can add the validation routines to your client-side code.The advantage of writing validation logic in client-side code is that you can provide instant feedback to your users. For example, if a user neglects to enter a value in a required form field, you can instantly display an error message without requiring a roundtrip back to the server.People really like client-side validation. It looks great and creates a better overall user experience. The problem, however, is that it does not work with all browsers. Not all browsers support JavaScript, and different versions of browsers support different versions of JavaScript, so client-side validation is never guaranteed to work.For this reason, in the past, many developers decided to add all their form validation logic exclusively to server-side code. Because server-side code functions correctly with any browser, this course of action was safer.Fortunately, the Validation controls discussed in this chapter do not force you to make this difficult choice. The Validation controls automatically generate both client-side and server-side code. If a browser is capable of supporting JavaScript, client-side validation scripts are automatically sent to the browser. If a browser is incapable of supporting JavaScript, the validation routines are automatically implemented in server-side code.You should be warned, however, that client-side validation works only with Microsoft Internet Explorer version 4.0 and higher. In particular, the client-side scripts discussed in this chapter do not work with any version of Netscape Navigator.Requiring Fields: The RequiredFieldValidator ControlYou use RequiredFieldValidator in a Web form to check whether a control has a value. Typically, you use this control with a TextBox control. However, nothing is wrong with using RequiredFieldValidator with other input controls such as RadioButtonList.Validating Expressions: The RegularExpressionValidator ControlYou can use RegularExpressionValidator to match the value entered into a form field to a regular expression. You can use this control to check whether a user has entered,for example, a valid e-mail address, telephone number, or username or password. Samples of how to use a regular expression to perform all these validation tasks are provided in the following sections.Comparing Values: The CompareValidator ControlThe CompareValidator control performs comparisons between the data entered into a form field and another value. The other value can be a fixed value, such as a particular number, or a value entered into another control.Summarizing Errors: The ValidationSummary ControlImagine that you have a form with 50 form fields. If you use only the Validation controls discussed in the previous sections of this chapter to display errors, seeing an error message on the page might be difficult. For example, you might have to scroll down to the 48th form field to find the error message.Fortunately, Microsoft includes a ValidationSummary control with the Validation controls. You can use this control to summarize all the errors at the top of a page, or wherever else you want.5. Advanced Control ProgrammingWorking with View StateBy default, almost all controls retain the values of their properties between form posts. For example, if you assign text to a Label control and submit the form, when the page is rendered again, the contents of the Label control are preserved.The magic of view state is that it does not depend on any special server or browser properties. In particular, it does not depend on cookies, session variables, or application variables. View state is implemented with a hidden form field called VIEWSTATE that is automatically created in every Web Forms Page.When used wisely, view state can have a dramatic and positive effect on the performance of your Web site. For example, if you display database data in a control that has view state enabled, you do not have to return to the database each time the page is posted back to the server. You can automatically preserve the data within the page's view state between form posts.Displaying and Hiding ContentImagine that you are creating a form with an optional section. For example, imagine that you are creating an online tax form, and you want to display or hide a section that contains questions that apply only to married tax filers.Or, imagine that you want to add an additional help button to the tax form. You might want to hide or display detailed instructions for completing form questions depending on a user's preferences.Finally, imagine that you want to break the tax form into multiple pages so that a person views only one part of the tax form at a time.In the following sections, you learn about the properties that you can use to hide and display controls in a form. You learn how to use the Visible and Enabled properties with individual controls and groups of controls to hide and display page content.Using the Visible and Enabled PropertiesEvery control, including both HTML and Web controls, has a Visible property that determines whether the control is rendered. When a control's Visible property has the value False, the control is not displayed on the page; the control is not processed for either pre-rendering or rendering.Web controls (but not every HTML control) have an additional property named Enabled. When Enabled has the value False and you are using Internet Explorer version 4.0 or higher, the control appears ghosted and no longer functions. When used with other browsers, such as Netscape Navigator, the control might not appear ghosted, but it does not function.Disabling View StateIn certain circumstances, you might want to disable view state for an individual control or for an page as a whole. For example, you might have a control that contains a lot of data (imagine a RadioButtonList control with 1,000 options). You might not want to load the data into the hidden __VIEWSTATE form field if you are worried that the form data would significantly slow down the rendering of the page.Using Rich ControlsIn the following sections, you learn how to use three of the more feature-rich controls in the framework. You learn how to use the Calendar control to display interactive calendars, the AdRotator control to display rotating banner advertisements, and the HTMLInputFile control to accept file uploads. 技术简介不仅仅是 Active Server Page (ASP) 的下一个版本,而且是一种建立在通用语言上的程序构架，能被用于一台Web服务器来建立强大的Web应用序。

ASP的发展毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文免费范文精选

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目： ASP的发展文献、资料英文题目：文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14The second，the past ISV (independent software provider ) and VAR (the trader that resells value-added service ), at Internet age , changed the marketing way in the past , would rely mainly on sale of the software product to change direction to rely mainly on the fact that right to use is leased in the past, bale from physics carrier encapsulation way change direction and long-range operation way main fact now, through the cooperation with network operator , realize the transition to ASP；The third ，IT service departments and traditional advisory companies of traditional large- scale organization, at the foundation known deeply in Internet , depend on long-term experience, is it carry on systematic design and implementation of scheme for other customer to begin, through establish in with trader who operates network and alliance relation between the application software manufacturer, realize the ASP provider that appears in the capacity of system integration trader.The second. The developing history and classification of ASP Seen from the present, ASP is as emerging and proposing formally it is only a thing from the end of 1998 to the beginning of 1999 of a kind of mode. And until from the end of 1999 to the beginning of 2000 to a great extent, ASP field relevant outstanding behaviours at the capital market of Company just cause people's extensive concern. In fact speaking from the intension and essence of ASP mode, it is not the brand-new things, but the mode that had once had, has been given the new vitality at Internet age. During this festival, we will review the course that ASP produce development and develop, in order to help the essence of better deep understanding ASP. At the end, we will concentrate on introducing the situation which enterprises divide from different standards in ASP field at present.The third. The development foundation of ASP modeASP as one brand-new concept, proposition and it takes shape to be just time for more than half a year of it, but in U.S.A. and other fast-developing countries of IT industry, ASP is becoming a kind of new developing business mode of leading e-commerce in the future, main maturity based on following IT technology of precondition that ASP produces and develops: Popularization of Internet: Internet deepens people's life progressively , a large number of solutions based on Web are emerging constantly, all these make long-range application scheme based on host computer become possible; The bandwidth is increasing and dropping with the price constantly constantly: Communication performance and bandwidth expenses reduced continuously increased, make the application program at the host computer able to visit through Internet and tight client; Whether client / server can use bysharing under the environment. The remote access in ASP concept , users have already been accustomed to under the enviroment of client / the server, this make remote access and is it is it become acceptable first business mode to use to share; The browser becomes figure interface application program accepting extensively: The wide application and development of the technology of the browser have gathered enough technology and human resources for the calculation based on the calculation of Web and thin client, and good user' s foundation; Potentiality of e-commerce solution: Advanced e-commerce solution, has shared a lot of thorny business and technological question together with concept of ASP, such as systematic security and dependability. So, the enormous motive force of e-commerce is promoting the advancing of ASP. The forth. China ASP market's overviewIn 2000, the total sales amount of China ASP market was 33 million dollars, accounted for 0.3% of global total sales amount. IDC is expected, the annual average rate of increase of the large China district ASP market will be 64% from 2000 to 2004, by 2004, the capacity of the large China district ASP market will reach 243 million dollars. China ASP market began to sprout when the beginning of 2000, remains the market for an unripe initial stage now, it show as the market store medium and small-scale specializing in using and serving Company that comes up to a large number in, it is mainly those traditional independent software developers , system integration trader and .com Company. But company these possess heavy competitiveness too at ability and Company scale that itself provide service.Internet of our country develops after going through fanatically, begins to tend towards reason and norm this year. It is exactly while summarizing and adjusting website's industry's development path now, we need to think and know Internet's own characteristic and advantage again for this. Its characteristics, such as high-efficient, simple and direct, individualized, resource-sharing, crossing over space-time and relatively cheap cost, etc., it is the motive power that it must use high-speed development. At the present, those companies specializing in offering service of using still face the challenge. First of all, in among being IT trade, is it is it serve these kind of mode far accept by masses even to use to sell, because most traditional trades have not realized yet that ASP way can bring the interests to them; Secondly, how to sell the application program in a kind of way which is similar to the whole solution, it is all important problems that ASP manufacturers face how to make pricing system; Finally, how be through offer application program service and traditional software sell mode participate in the competition, it is a question that China ASP should be pondered deeply too. And at present, the operation principles of most websites are remote from above-mentioned advantage and characteristic in Internet, the trains of thought of operation of websites seem that still stays in management mode and management theory in old era. But at the same time, the current situation of the Chinese market is that the competition is being aggravated constantly among enterprises, e-commerce is developed rapidly and ten millions of small and medium enterprises all generally lack the fund and well-trained job IT personnel, these reasons will promote the development in China of this kind of mode of ASP too. The scale of website of this kind of mode is like large-scale enterprises or large-scale company too, we can say although the sparrow is small, the five internal organs are available. A key job of believing that in the near future , the content will be made and the customer service will become websites. Even make the respect in the content, needn't make personnel totally regular and centralized either. The most emerging technology has already made us able to finish the organization, exchange of the webpage, format and transplanting in the twinkling of an eye on Internet directly, the huge administration inwebsite's company and personnel management organization will have passed out of existence; With the progress of the society, human life will be closely linked with Internet , website company is it invest a large amount of manpower and huge fund is it cover the sky and the earth , promote get households of propaganda of type to go on to need; And Chinese enterprise choose factor that ASP consider especially at the manufacturer concentrate on data security guarantee , professional IT quality respect of personnel too. Meanwhile, because such new service form confidence insufficient to ASP, reliance of degree one quite general phenomenon too to ASP manufacturer prestige. Rank choice factor after the factor these include the price , implement speed and expansibility of application program ,etc. also. But we are looking forward to, ASP service business that will be developed soon, will offer sectional system integration of the module service for website's construction. It can make individual set up homepage with perfect function need to set foot in any technological development even. So website operation can get rid of huge technological development and maintain organization from then on, this is the developing direction of ASP and trend of the market in the future. If we call it as making the undertaking totally all living key of websites to the future, that will not exaggerate at all. IDC thinks that in two years in the future, ASP market of China will move to maturity progressively, certainly will eliminate a batch of commercial modes in the unclear or company that one's own ability is worse too, by 2003, China ASP market will demonstrate the trend of steady growth. And in coordination with the applied software market, vertical trade ASP market, SCM applied software market, CRM applied software market will be that China's development will be very fast in the following two years, field of having more commercial opportunities.。

ASPNET毕业论文中英文文献

ASP毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译附件1：外文资料翻译译文概述是一个统一的 Web 开发模型，它包括您使用尽可能少的代码生成企业级 Web 应用程序所必需的各种服务。

作为 .NET Framework 的一部分提供。

当您编写应用程序的代码时，可以访问 .NET Framework 中的类。

您可以使用与公共语言运行库 (CLR) 兼容的任何语言来编写应用程序的代码，这些语言包括 Microsoft Visual Basic、C#、JScript .NET 和 J#。

使用这些语言，可以开发利用公共语言运行库、类型安全、继承等方面的优点的应用程序。

包括：•页和控件框架• 编译器•安全基础结构•状态管理功能•应用程序配置•运行状况监视和性能功能•调试支持•XML Web services 框架•可扩展的宿主环境和应用程序生命周期管理•可扩展的设计器环境页和控件框架是一种编程框架，它在 Web 服务器上运行，可以动态地生成和呈现网页。

可以从任何浏览器或客户端设备请求网页，会向请求浏览器呈现标记（例如 HTML）。

通常，您可以对多个浏览器使用相同的页，因为会为发出请求的浏览器呈现适当的标记。

但是，您可以针对诸如 Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 的特定浏览器设计网页，并利用该浏览器的功能。

支持基于 Web 的设备（如移动电话、手持型计算机和个人数字助理 (PDA)）的移动控件。

网页是完全面向对象的。

在网页中，可以使用属性、方法和事件来处理 HTML 元素。

页框架为响应在服务器上运行的代码中的客户端事件提供统一的模型，从而使您不必考虑基于 Web 的应用程序中固有的客户端和服务器隔离的实现细节。

该框架还会在页处理生命周期中自动维护页及该页上控件的状态。

使用页和控件框架还可以将常用的 UI 功能封装成易于使用且可重用的控件。

控件只需编写一次，即可用于许多页并集成到网页中。

ASP外文翻译原文

毕业设计（论文）外文参考资料及译文译文题目：《技术》学生姓名：陈韡学号： 1205201005 专业：计算机科学与技术（专转本）所在学院：计算机工程学院指导教师：朱勇职称：教授2016年 3月 16日ASP. Net Technology——download from CSDN is a unified Web development model that includes the services necessary for you to build enterprise-class Web applications with a minimum of coding. is part of the .NET Framework, and when coding applications you have access to classes in the .NET Framework. You can code your applications in any language compatible with the common language runtime (CLR), including Microsoft Visual Basic, C#, JScript .NET, and J#. These languages enable you to develop applications that benefit from the common language runtime, type safety, inheritance, and so on. includes:∙ A page and controls framework∙The compiler∙Security infrastructure∙State-management facilities∙Application configuration∙Health monitoring and performance features∙Debugging support∙An XML Web services framework∙Extensible hosting environment and application life cycle management∙An extensible designer environmentThe page and controls framework is a programming framework that runs on a Web server to dynamically produce and render Web pages. Web pages can be requested from any browser or client device, and renders markup (such as HTML) to the requesting browser. As a rule, you can use the same page for multiple browsers, because renders the appropriate markup for the browser making the request. However, you can designyour Web page to target a specific browser, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, and take advantage of the features of that browser. supports mobile controls for Web-enabled devices such as cellular phones, handheld computers, and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Web pages are completely object-oriented. Within Web pages you can work with HTML elements using properties, methods, and events. The page framework removes the implementation details of the separation of client and server inherent in Web-based applications by presenting a unified model for responding to client events in code that runs at the server. The framework also automatically maintains the state of a page and the controls on that page during the page processing life cycle.The page and controls framework also enables you to encapsulate common UI functionality in easy-to-use, reusable controls. Controls are written once, can be used in many pages, and are integrated into the Web page that they are placed in during rendering.The page and controls framework also provides features to control the overall look and feel of your Web site via themes and skins. You can define themes and skins and then apply them at a page level or at a control level.In addition to themes, you can define master pages that you use to create a consistent layout for the pages in your application. A single master page defines the layout and standard behavior that you want for all the pages (or a group of pages) in your application. You can then create individual content pages that contain the page-specific content you want to display. When users request the content pages, they merge with the master page to produce output that combines the layout of the master page with the content from the content page.All code is compiled, which enables strong typing, performance optimizations, and early binding, among other benefits. Once the code has beencompiled, the common language runtime further compiles code to native code, providing improved performance. includes a compiler that will compile all your application components including pages and controls into an assembly that the hosting environment can then use to service user requests.In addition to the security features of .NET, provides an advanced security infrastructure for authenticating and authorizing user access as well as performing other security-related tasks. You can authenticate users using Windows authentication supplied by IIS, or you can manage authentication using your own user database using forms authentication and membership. Additionally, you can manage the authorization to the capabilities and information of your Web application using Windows groups or your own custom role database using roles. You can easily remove, add to, or replace these schemes depending upon the needs of your application. always runs with a particular Windows identity so you can secure your application using Windows capabilities such as NTFS Access Control Lists (ACLs), database permissions, and so on. For more information on the identity of , provides intrinsic state management functionality that enables you to store information between page requests, such as customer information or the contents of a shopping cart. You can save and manage application-specific, session-specific, page-specific, user-specific, and developer-defined information. This information can be independent of any controls on the page. offers distributed state facilities, which enable you to manage state information across multiple instances of the same application on one computer or on several computers. applications use a configuration system that enables you to define configuration settings for your Web server, for a Web site, or for individual applications. You can make configuration settings at the time your applications are deployed and can add or revise configuration settings at any time with minimal impact on operational Web applications and servers. configuration settings are stored in XML-based files. Because these XML files are ASCII text files, it is simple to make configuration changes to your Web applications. You can extend the configuration scheme to suit your requirements. includes features that enable you to monitor health and performance of your application. health monitoring enables reporting of key events that provide information about the health of an application and about error conditions. These events show a combination of diagnostics and monitoring characteristics and offer a high degree of flexibility in terms of what is logged and how it is logged. supports two groups of performance counters accessible to your applications:∙The system performance counter group∙The application performance counter group takes advantage of the run-time debugging infrastructure to provide cross-language and cross-computer debugging support. You can debug both managed and unmanaged objects, as well as all languages supported by the common language runtime and script languages.In addition, the page framework provides a trace mode that enables you to insert instrumentation messages into your Web pages. supports XML Web services. An XML Web service is a component containing business functionality that enables applications to exchange information across firewalls using standards like HTTP and XML messaging. XML Web services are not tied to a particular component technology or object-calling convention. As a result, programs written in any language, using any component model, and running on any operating system can access XML Web services. includes an extensible hosting environment that controls the life cycle of an application from when a user first accesses a resource (such as a page) in the application to the point at which the application is shut down. While relies on a Web server (IIS) as an application host, provides much of the hosting functionality itself. The architecture of enables you to respond to application events and create custom HTTP handlers and HTTP modules. includes enhanced support for creating designers for Web server controls for use with a visual design tool such as Visual Studio. Designers enable you to build a design-time user interface for a control, so that developers can configure your control's properties and content in the visual design tool.Introduction to the C# Language and the .NET Framework C# is an elegant and type-safe object-oriented language that enables developers to build a wide range of secure and robust applications that run on the .NET Framework. You can use C# to create traditional Windows client applications, XML Web services, distributed components, client-server applications, database applications, and much, much more. Microsoft Visual C# 2005 provides an advanced code editor, convenient user interface designers, integrated debugger, and many other tools to facilitate rapid application development based on version 2.0 of the C# language and the .NET Framework.NoteC# syntax is highly expressive, yet with less than 90 keywords, it is also simple and easy to learn. The curly-brace syntax of C# will be instantly recognizable to anyone familiar with C, C++ or Java. Developers who know any of these languages are typically able to begin working productively in C# within a very short time. C# syntax simplifies many of the complexities of C++ while providing powerful features such as nullable value types, enumerations, delegates, anonymous methods and direct memory access, which are not found in Java. C# also supports generic methods and types, which provide increased type safety and performance, and iterators, which enable implementers of collection classes to define custom iteration behaviors that are simple to use by client code.As an object-oriented language, C# supports the concepts of encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. All variables and methods, including the Main method, the application's entry point, are encapsulated within class definitions. A class may inherit directly from one parent class, but it may implement any number of interfaces. Methods that override virtual methods in a parent class require the override keyword as a way to avoid accidental redefinition. In C#, a struct is like a lightweight class; it is a stack-allocated type that can implement interfaces but does not support inheritance.In addition to these basic object-oriented principles, C# facilitates the development of software components through several innovative language constructs, including:∙Encapsulated method signatures called delegates, which enable type-safe event notifications.∙Properties, which serve as accessors for private member variables.∙Attributes, which provide declarative metadata about types at run time.∙Inline XML documentation comments.If you need to interact with other Windows software such as COM objects or native Win32 DLLs, you can do this in C# through a process called "Interop." Interopenables C# programs to do just about anything that a native C++ application can do. C# even supports pointers and the concept of "unsafe" code for those cases in which direct memory access is absolutely critical.The C# build process is simple compared to C and C++ and more flexible than in Java. There are no separate header files, and no requirement that methods and types be declared in a particular order. A C# source file may define any number of classes, structs, interfaces, and events.C# programs run on the .NET Framework, an integral component of Windows that includes a virtual execution system called the common language runtime (CLR) and a unified set of class libraries. The CLR is Microsoft's commercial implementation of the common language infrastructure (CLI), an international standard that is the basis for creating execution and development environments in which languages and libraries work together seamlessly.Source code written in C# is compiled into an intermediate language (IL) that conforms to the CLI specification. The IL code, along with resources such as bitmaps and strings, is stored on disk in an executable file called an assembly, typically with an extension of .exe or .dll. An assembly contains a manifest that provides information on the assembly's types, version, culture, and security requirements.When the C# program is executed, the assembly is loaded into the CLR, which might take various actions based on the information in the manifest. Then, if the security requirements are met, the CLR performs just in time (JIT) compilation to convert the IL code into native machine instructions. The CLR also provides other services related to automatic garbage collection, exception handling, and resource management. Code that is executed by the CLR is sometimes referred to as "managed code," in contrast to "unmanaged code" which is compiled into native machine language that targets a specific system. The following diagram illustrates the compile-time and run time relationships of C# source code files, the base class libraries, assemblies, and the CLR.Language interoperability is a key feature of the .NET Framework. Because the IL code produced by the C# compiler conforms to the Common Type Specification (CTS), IL code generated from C# can interact with code that was generated from the .NET versions of Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual J#, or any of more than 20 other CTS-compliant languages. A single assembly may contain multiple modules written in different .NET languages, and the types can reference each other just as if they were written in the same language.In addition to the run time services, the .NET Framework also includes an extensive library of over 4000 classes organized into namespaces that provide a wide variety of useful functionality for everything from file input and output to string manipulation to XML parsing, to Windows Forms controls. The typical C# application uses the .NET Framework class library extensively to handle common "plumbing" chores.中文一译文：技术——下载自CSDN网站是一个统一的 Web 开发模型，它包括您使用尽可能少的代码生成企业级 Web 应用程序所必需的各种服务。

探究ASP.NET MVC 毕业论文外文翻译中英文对照

MVC In-Depth: The Life of an MVC RequestThe purpose of this blog entry is to describe, in painful detail, each step in the life of an MVC request from birth to death. I want to understand everything that happens when you type a URL in a browser and hit the enter key when requesting a page from an MVC website. Why do I care? There are two reasons. First, one of the promises of MVC is that it will be a very extensible framework. For example, you’ll be able to plug in different view engines to control how your website content is rendered. You also will be able to manipulate how controllers get generated and assigned to particular requests. I want to walk through the steps involved in an MVC page request because I want to discover any and all of these extensibility points. Second, I’m interested in Test-Driven Development. In order to write unit tests for controllers, I need to understand all of the controller dependencies. When writing my tests, I need to mockce rtain objects using a mocking framework such as Typemock Isolator or Rhino Mocks. If I don’t understand the page request lifecycle, I won’t be able to effectively mock it.Two WarningsBut first, two warnings.Here's the first warning: I’m writing this blo g entry a week after the MVC Preview 2 was publicly released. The MVC framework is still very much in Beta. Therefore, anything that I describe in this blog entry might be outdated and, therefore, wrong in a couple of months. So, if you are reading this blog entry after May 2008, don’t believe everything you read. Second, this blog entry is not meant as an overview of MVC. I describe the lifecycle of an MVC request in excruciating and difficult to read detail. Okay, you have been warned.Overview of the Lifecycle StepsThere are five main steps that happen when you make a request from an MVC website: 1. Step 1 – The RouteTable is CreatedThis first step happens only once when an application first starts. The RouteTable maps URLs to handlers.2. Step 2 – The UrlRoutingModule Intercepts the RequestThis second step happens whenever you make a request. The UrlRoutingModule intercepts every request and creates and executes the right handler.3. Step 3 – The MvcHandler ExecutesThe MvcHandler creates a controller, passes the controller a ControllerContext, and executes the controller.4. Step 4 – The Controller ExecutesThe controller determines which controller method to execute, builds a list of parameters, and executes the method.5. Step 5 – The RenderView Method is CalledTypically, a controller method calls RenderView() to render content back to the browser. The Controller.RenderView() method delegates its work to a particular ViewEngine.Let’s examine each of th ese steps in detail.Step 1 : The RouteTable is CreatedWhen you request a page from a normal application, there is a page on disk that corresponds to each page request. For example, if you request a page named SomePage.aspx thenthere better be a page named SomePage.aspx sitting on your web server. If not, you receive an error.Technically, an page represents a class. And, not just any class. An page is a handler. In other words, an page implements the IHttpHandler interface and has a ProcessRequest() method that gets called when you request the page. The ProcessRequest() method is responsible for generating the content that gets sent back to the browser.So, the way that a normal application works is simple and intuitive. You request a page, the page request corresponds to a page on disk, the page executes its ProcessRequest() method and content gets sent back to the browser.An MVC application does not work like this. When you request a page from an MVC application, there is no page on disk that corresponds to the request. Instead, the request is routed to a special class called a controller. The controller is responsible for generating the content that gets sent back to the browser.When you write a normal application, you build a bunch of pages. There is always a one-to-one mapping between URLs and pages. Corresponding to each page request, there better be a page.When you build an MVC application, in contrast, you build a bunch of controllers. The advantage of using controllers is that you can have a many-to-one mapping between URLs and pages. For example, all of the following URLs can be mapped to the same controller:The single controller mapped to these URLs can display product information for the right product by extracting the product Id from the URL. The controller approach is more flexible than the classic approach. The controller approach also results in more readable and intuitive URLs.So, how does a particular page request get routed to a particular controller? An MVC application has something called a Route Table. The Route Table maps particular URLs to particular controllers.An application has one and only one Route Table. This Route Table is setup in the Global.asax file. Listing 1 contains the default Global.asax file that you get when you create a new MVC Web Application project by using Visual Studio.An application’s Route Table is represented by the static RouteTable.Routes property. This property represents a collection of Route objects. In the Global.asax file in Listing 1, two Route objects are added to the Route Table when the application first starts (The Application_Start() method is called only once when the very first page is requested from a website).A Route object is responsible for mapping URLs to handlers. In Listing 1, two Route objects are created. Both Route objects map URLs to the MvcRouteHandler. The first Route maps any URL that follows the pattern {controller}/{action}/{id} to the MvcRouteHandler. The second Route maps the particular URL Default.aspx to the MvcRouteHandler.By the way, this new routing infrastructure can be used independently of an MVC application. The Global.asax file maps URLs to the MvcRouteHandler. However, you have the option of routing URLs to a different type of handler. The routing infrastructure described in this section is contained in a distinct assembly named System.Web.Routing.dll. You can use the routing without using the MVC.Step 2 : The UrlRoutingModule Intercepts the RequestWhenever you make a request against an MVC application, the request is interceptedby the UrlRoutingModule HTTP Module. An HTTP Module is a special type of class that participates in each and every page request. For example, classic includes a FormsAuthenticationModule HTTP Module that is used to implement page access security using Forms Authentication.When the UrlRoutingModule intercepts a request, the first thing the module does is to wrap up the current HttpContext in an HttpContextWrapper2 object. The HttpContextWrapper2 class, unlike the normal HttpContext class, derives from the HttpContextBase class. Creating a wrapper for HttpContext makes it easier to mock the class when you are using a Mock Object Framework such as Typemock Isolator or Rhino Mocks.Next, the module passes the wrapped HttpContext to the RouteTable that was setup in the previous step. The HttpContext includes the URL, form parameters, query string parameters, and cookies associated with the current request. If a match can be made between the current request and one of the Route objects in the Route Table, then a RouteData object is returned.If the UrlRoutingModule successfully retrieves a RouteData object then the module next creates a RouteContext object that represents the current HttpContext and RouteData. The module then instantiates a new HttpHandler based on the RouteTable and passes the RouteContext to the new handler’s constructor.In the case of an MVC application, the handler returned from the RouteTable will always be an MvcHandler (The MvcRouteHandler returns an MvcHandler). Whenever the UrlRoutingModule can match the current request against a Route in the Route Table, an MvcHandler is instantiated with the current RouteContext.The last step that the module performs is setting the MvcHandler as the current HTTP Handler.An application calls the ProcessRequest() method automatically on the current HTTP Handler which leads us to the next step.Step 3 : The MvcHandler ExecutesIn the previous step, an MvcHandler that represents a particular RouteContext was set as the current HTTP Handler. An application always fires off a certain series of events including Start, BeginRequest, PostResolveRequestCache, PostMapRequestHandler, PreRequestHandlerExecute, and EndRequest events (there are a lot of application events – for a complete list, lookup the HttpApplication class in the Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Documentation).Everything described in the previous section happens during the PostResolveRequestCache and PostMapRequestHandler events. The ProcessRequest() method is called on the current HTTP Handler right after the PreRequestHandlerExecute event.When ProcessRequest() is called on the MvcHandler object created in the previous section, a new controller is created. The controller is created from a ControllerFactory. This is an extensibility point since you can create your own ControllerFactory. The default ControllerFactory is named, appropriately enough, DefaultControllerFactory.The RequestContext and the name of the controller are passed to theControllerFactory.CreateController() method to get a particular controller. Next, a ControllerContext object is constructed from the RequestContext and the controller. Finally, the Execute() method is called on the controller class. The ControllerContext is passed to the Execute() method when the Execute() method is called.Step 4 : The Controller ExecutesThe Execute() method starts by creating the TempData object (called the Flash object in the Ruby on Rails world). The TempData can be used to store temporary data that must be used with the very next request (TempData is like Session State with no long-term memory).Next, the Execute() method builds a list of parameters from the request. These parameters, extracted from the request parameters, will act as method parameters. The parameters will be passed to whatever controller method gets executed.The Execute() method finds a method of the controller to execute by using reflection on the controller class (.NET reflection and not navel gazing reflection). The controller class is something that you wrote. So the Execute() method finds one of the methods that you wrote for your controller class and executes it. The Execute() method will not execute any controller methods that are decorated with the NonAction attribute.At this point in the lifecycle, we’ve entered your application code.Step 5 : The RenderView Method is CalledNormally, your controller methods end with a call to either the RenderView() or RedirectToAction() method. The RenderView() method is responsible for rendering a view (a page) to the browser.When you call a controller’s RenderView() method, the call is delegated to the current ViewEngine’s RenderView() method. The ViewEngine is another extensibility point. The default ViewEngine is the WebFormViewEngine. However, you can use another ViewEngine such as the NHaml ViewEngine.The WebFormViewEngine.RenderView() method uses a class named the ViewLocator class to find the view. Next, it uses a BuildManager to create an instance of a ViewPage class from its path. Next, if the page has a master page, the location of the master page is set (again, using the ViewLocator class). If the page has ViewData, the ViewData is set. Finally, the RenderView() method is called on the ViewPage.The ViewPage class derives from the base System.Web.UI.Page class. This is the same class that is used for pages in classic . The final action that RenderView() method performs is to call ProcessRequest() on the page class. Calling ProcessRequest() generates content from the view in the same way that content is generated from a normal page.Extensibility PointsThe MVC lifecycle was designed to include a number of extensibility points. These are points where you can customize the behavior of the framework by plugging in a custom class or overriding an existing class. Here’s a summary of these extensibility points:1. Route objects – When you build the Route Table, you call the RouteCollection.Add() method to add new Route objects. The Add() method accepts a RouteBase object. You can implement your own Route objects that inherit from the base RouteBase class.2. MvcRouteHandler – When building an MVC application, you map URLs to MvcRouteHandler objects. However, you can map a URL to any class that implements the IRouteHandler interface. The constructor for the Route class accepts any object that implements the IRouteHandler interface.3. MvcRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler() – The GetHttpHandler() method of the MvcRouteHandler class is a virtual method. By default, an MvcRouteHandler returns an MvcHandler. If you prefer, you can return a different handler by overriding the GetHttpHandler() method.4. ControllerFactory – You can assign a custom class by calling theSystem.Web.MVC.ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory() method to create a custom controller factory. The controller factory is responsible for returning controllers for a given controller name and RequestContext.5. Controller – You can implement a custom controller by implementing the IController interface. This interface has a single method: Execute(ControllerContext controllerContext).6. ViewEngine – You can assign a custom ViewEngine to a controller. You assign a ViewEngine to a controller by assigning a ViewEngine to the public Controller.ViewEngine property. A ViewEngine must implement the IViewEngine interface which has a single method: RenderView(ViewContext viewContext).7. ViewLocator – The ViewLocator maps view names to the actual view files. You can assign a custom ViewLocator to the default WebFormViewEngine.ViewLocator property.If you can think of any other extensibility points that I overlooked, please add a comment to this blog post and I will update this entry.SummaryThe goal of this blog entry was to describe the entire life of an MVC request from birth to death. I examined the five steps involved in processing an MVC request: Creating the RouteTable, Intercepting the request with the UrlRoutingModule, Generating a Controller, Executing an Action, and Rendering a View. Finally, I talked about the points at which the MVC Framework can be extended.探究 MVC： MVC请求的生命周期本书详细描述了 MVC请求从开始到结束的整个过程，当你在浏览器上输入URL地址并且在网站请求页面敲击回车时，这个过程就产生了。

Asp net技术毕业论文外文翻译

技术的前身ASP技术，是在IIS 2.0上首次推出(Windows NT 3.51)，当时与 ADO 1.0 一起推出，在IIS 3.0 (Windows NT 4.0)发扬光大，成为服务器端应用程序的热门开发工具，微软还特别为它量身打造了Visual 标识InterDev开发工具，在1994年到2000年之间，ASP技术已经成为微软推展Windows NT 4.0平台的关键技术之一，数以万计的ASP网站也是这个时候开始如雨后春笋般的出现在网络上。

它的简单以及高度可定制化的能力，也是它能迅速崛起的原因之一。

不过ASP的缺点也逐渐的浮现出来：意大利面型的程序开发方法，让维护的难度提高很多，尤其是大型的ASP应用程序。

直译式的VBScript或JScript语言，让效能有些许的受限。

延展性因为其基础架构扩充性不足而受限，虽然有COM元件可用，但开发一些特殊功能（像文件上传）时，没有来自内置的支持，需要寻求第三方软件商开发的元件。

1997年时，微软开始针对ASP的缺点（尤其是意大利面型的程序开发方法）准备开始一个新项目来开发，当时的主要领导人Scott Guthrie刚从杜克大学毕业，他和IIS团队的Mark Anders经理一起合作两个月，开发出了下一代ASP 技术的原型，这个原型在1997年的圣诞节时被发展出来，并给予一个名称：XSP，这个原型产品使用的是Java语言。

不过它马上就被纳入当时还在开发中的CLR平台，Scott Guthrie事后也认为将这个技术移植到当时的CLR平台，确实有很大的风险(huge risk)，但当时的XSP团队却是以CLR开发应用的第一个团队。

为了将XSP移植到CLR中，XSP团队将XSP的内核程序全部以C#语言重新撰写，并且改名为ASP+，作为ASP技术的后继者，并且也会提供一个简单的移转方法给ASP开发人员。

ASP+首次的Beta版本以及应用在PDC 2000中亮相，由Bill Gates 主讲Keynote(即关键技术的概览)，由富士通公司展示使用COBOL语言撰写ASP+应用程序，并且宣布它可以使用Visual 、C#、Perl与Python语言（后两者由ActiveState公司开发的互通工具支持）来开发。

ASP NET 技术中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)中英文资料对照外文翻译 Technique1. Building Pages and the .NET Framework is part of Microsoft's overall .NET framework, which contains a vast set of programming classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. In the following two sections, you learn how fits within the .NET framework, and you learn about the languages you can use in your pages.The .NET Framework Class LibraryImagine that you are Microsoft. Imagine that you have to support multiple programming languages—such as Visual Basic, JScript, and C++. A great deal of the functionality of these programming languages overlaps. For example, for each language, you would have to include methods for accessing the file system, working with databases, and manipulating strings.Furthermore, these languages contain similar programming constructs. Every language, for example, can represent loops and conditionals. Even though the syntax of a conditional written in Visual Basic differs from the syntax of a conditional written in C++, the programming function is the same.Finally, most programming languages have similar variable data types. In most languages, you have some means of representing strings and integers, for example. The maximum and minimum size of an integer might depend on the language, but the basic data type is the same.Maintaining all this functionality for multiple languages requires a lot of work. Why keep reinventing the wheel? Wouldn't it be easier to create all this functionality once and use it for every language?The .NET Framework Class Library does exactly that. It consists of a vast set of classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. For example, the .NET framework contains classes for handling database access, working with the file system, manipulating text, and generating graphics. In addition, it contains more specialized classes for performing tasks such as working with regular expressions and handling network protocols.The .NET framework, furthermore, contains classes that represent all the basic variable data types such as strings, integers, bytes, characters, and arrays.Most importantly, for purposes of this book, the .NET Framework Class Library contains classes for building pages. You need to understand, however, that you can access any of the .NET framework classes when you are building your pages.Understanding NamespacesAs you might guess, the .NET framework is huge. It contains thousands of classes (over 3,400). Fortunately, the classes are not simply jumbled together. The classes of the .NET framework are organized into a hierarchy of namespaces.ASP Classic NoteIn previous versions of Active Server Pages, you had access to only five standard classes (the Response, Request, Session, Application, and Server objects). , in contrast, provides you with access to over 3,400 classes!A namespace is a logical grouping of classes. For example, all the classes that relate to working with the file system are gathered together into the System.IO namespace.The namespaces are organized into a hierarchy (a logical tree). At the root of the tree is the System namespace. This namespace contains all the classes for the base data types, such as strings and arrays. It also contains classes for working with random numbers and dates and times.You can uniquely identify any class in the .NET framework by using the full namespace of the class. For example, to uniquely refer to the class that represents a file system file (the File class), you would use the following:System.IO.FileSystem.IO refers to the namespace, and File refers to the particular class.NOTEYou can view all the namespaces of the standard classes in the .NET Framework Class Library by viewing the Reference Documentation for the .NET Framework.Standard NamespacesThe classes contained in a select number of namespaces are available in your pages by default. (You must explicitly import other namespaces.) These default namespaces contain classes that you use most often in your applications:System— Contains all the base data types and other useful classes such as those related to generating random numbers and working with dates and times.System.Collections— Contains classes for working with standard collection types such as hash tables, and array lists.System.Collections.Specialized— Contains classes that represent specializedcollections such as linked lists and string collections.System.Configuration— Contains classes for working with configuration files(Web.config files).System.Text— Contains classes for encoding, decoding, and manipulating the contents of strings.System.Text.RegularExpressions— Contains classes for performing regular expression match and replace operations.System.Web— Contains the basic classes for working with the World Wide Web, including classes for representing browser requests and server responses.System.Web.Caching— Contains classes used for caching the content of pages and classes for performing custom caching operations.System.Web.Security— Contains classes for implementing authentication andauthorization such as Forms and Passport authentication.System.Web.SessionState— Contains classes for implementing session state.System.Web.UI— Contains the basic classes used in building the user interface of pages.System.Web.UI.HTMLControls— Contains the classes for the HTML controls.System.Web.UI.WebControls— Contains the classes for the Web controls..NET Framework-Compatible LanguagesFor purposes of this book, you will write the application logic for your pages using Visual Basic as your programming language. It is the default language for pages. Although you stick to Visual Basic in this book, you also need to understand that you can create pages by using any language that supports the .NET Common Language Runtime. Out of the box, this includes C#, , and the Managed Extensions to C++.NOTEThe CD included with this book contains C# versions of all the code samples.Dozens of other languages created by companies other than Microsoft have been developed to work with the .NET framework. Some examples of these other languages include Python, SmallTalk, Eiffel, and COBOL. This means that you could, if you really wanted to, write pages using COBOL.Regardless of the language that you use to develop your pages, you need to understand that pages are compiled before they are executed. This means that pages can execute very quickly.The first time you request an page, the page is compiled into a .NET class, and the resulting class file is saved beneath a special directory on your server named Temporary Files. For each and every page, a corresponding class file appears in the Temporary Files directory. Whenever you request the same page in the future, the corresponding class file is executed.When an page is compiled, it is not compiled directly into machine code. Instead, it is compiled into an intermediate-level language called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). All .NET-compatible languages are compiled into this intermediate language.An page isn't compiled into native machine code until it is actually requested by a browser. At that point, the class file contained in the Temporary Files directory is compiled with the .NET framework Just in Time (JIT) compiler and executed.The magical aspect of this whole process is that it happens automatically in the background. All you have to do is create a text file with the source code for your page, and the .NET framework handles all the hard work of converting it into compiled code for you.ASP CLASSIC NOTEWhat about VBScript? Before , VBScript was the most popular language for developing Active Server Pages. does not support VBScript, and this is good news. Visual Basic is a superset of VBScript, which means that Visual Basic has all the functionality of VBScript and more. So, you have a richer set of functions and statements with Visual Basic.Furthermore, unlike VBScript, Visual Basic is a compiled language. This means that if you use Visual Basic to rewrite the same code that you wrote with VBScript, you can get better performance.If you have worked only with VBScript and not Visual Basic in the past, don't worry. Since VBScript is so closely related to Visual Basic, you'll find it easy to make the transition between the two languages.NOTEMicrosoft includes an interesting tool named the IL Disassembler (ILDASM) withthe .NET framework. You can use this tool to view the disassembled code for any of the classes in the Temporary Files directory. It lists all the methods and properties of the class and enables you to view the intermediate-level code.This tool also works with all the controls discussed in this chapter. For example, you can use the IL Disassembler to view the intermediate-level code for the TextBox control (located in a file named System.Web.dll).Introducing Controls controls provide the dynamic and interactive portions of the user interface for your Web application. The controls render the content that the users of your Web site actually see and interact with. For example, you can use controls to create HTML form elements, interactive calendars, and rotating banner advertisements. controls coexist peacefully with HTML content. Typically, you create the static areas of your Web pages with normal HTML content and create the dynamic or interactive portions with controls.The best way to understand how controls work in an HTML page is to look at a simple Web Forms Page.Adding Application Logic to an PageThe second building block of an page is the application logic, which is the actual programming code in the page. You add application logic to a page to handle both control and page events.If a user clicks a Button control within an HTML form, for example, the Button control raises an event (the Click event). Typically, you want to add code to the page that does something in response to this event. For example, when someone clicks the Button control, you might want to save the form data to a file or database.Controls are not the only things that can raise events. An page itself raises several events every time it is requested. For example, whenever you request a page, the page's Load event is triggered. You can add application logic to the page that executes whenever the Load event occurs.2. Building Forms with Web Server ControlsBuilding Smart FormsYou use several of the basic Web controls to represent standard HTML form elements such as radio buttons, text boxes, and list boxes. You can use these controls in your pages to create the user interface for your Web application. The following sections provide detailed overviews and programming samples for each of these Web controls.Controlling Page NavigationIn the following sections, you learn how to control how a user moves from one page to another. First, you learn how to submit an HTML form to another page and retrieve form information. Next, you learn how to use the Redirect() method to automatically transfer a user to a new page. Finally, you learn how to link pages together with the HyperLink control.Applying Formatting to ControlsIn the following sections, you learn how to make more attractive Web forms. First, you look at an overview of the formatting properties common to all Web controls; they are the formatting properties of the base control class. Next, you learn how to apply Cascading Style Sheet styles and classes to Web controls.3. Performing Form Validation with Validation ControlsUsing Client-side ValidationTraditionally, Web developers have faced a tough choice when adding form validation logic to their pages. You can add form validation routines to your server-side code, or you can add the validation routines to your client-side code.The advantage of writing validation logic in client-side code is that you can provide instant feedback to your users. For example, if a user neglects to enter a value in a required formfield, you can instantly display an error message without requiring a roundtrip back to the server.People really like client-side validation. It looks great and creates a better overall user experience. The problem, however, is that it does not work with all browsers. Not all browsers support JavaScript, and different versions of browsers support different versions of JavaScript, so client-side validation is never guaranteed to work.For this reason, in the past, many developers decided to add all their form validation logic exclusively to server-side code. Because server-side code functions correctly with any browser, this course of action was safer.Fortunately, the Validation controls discussed in this chapter do not force you to make this difficult choice. The Validation controls automatically generate both client-side and server-side code. If a browser is capable of supporting JavaScript, client-side validation scripts are automatically sent to the browser. If a browser is incapable of supporting JavaScript, the validation routines are automatically implemented in server-side code.You should be warned, however, that client-side validation works only with Microsoft Internet Explorer version 4.0 and higher. In particular, the client-side scripts discussed in this chapter do not work with any version of Netscape Navigator.Requiring Fields: The RequiredFieldValidator ControlYou use RequiredFieldValidator in a Web form to check whether a control has a value. Typically, you use this control with a TextBox control. However, nothing is wrong with using RequiredFieldValidator with other input controls such as RadioButtonList. Validating Expressions: The RegularExpressionValidator ControlYou can use RegularExpressionValidator to match the value entered into a form field to a regular expression. You can use this control to check whether a user has entered, for example, a valid e-mail address, telephone number, or username or password. Samples of how to use a regular expression to perform all these validation tasks are provided in the following sections.Comparing Values: The CompareValidator ControlThe CompareValidator control performs comparisons between the data entered into a form field and another value. The other value can be a fixed value, such as a particular number, or a value entered into another control.Summarizing Errors: The ValidationSummary ControlImagine that you have a form with 50 form fields. If you use only the Validation controls discussed in the previous sections of this chapter to display errors, seeing an error message on the page might be difficult. For example, you might have to scroll down to the 48th form field to find the error message.Fortunately, Microsoft includes a ValidationSummary control with the Validation controls. You can use this control to summarize all the errors at the top of a page, or wherever else you want.4. Advanced Control ProgrammingWorking with View StateBy default, almost all controls retain the values of their properties between form posts. For example, if you assign text to a Label control and submit the form, when the page is rendered again, the contents of the Label control are preserved.The magic of view state is that it does not depend on any special server or browser properties. In particular, it does not depend on cookies, session variables, or application variables. View state is implemented with a hidden form field called VIEWSTATE that is automatically created in every Web Forms Page.When used wisely, view state can have a dramatic and positive effect on the performance of your Web site. For example, if you display database data in a control that has view state enabled, you do not have to return to the database each time the page is posted back to the server. You can automatically preserve the data within the page's view state between form posts.Displaying and Hiding ContentImagine that you are creating a form with an optional section. For example, imagine that you are creating an online tax form, and you want to display or hide a section that contains questions that apply only to married tax filers.Or, imagine that you want to add an additional help button to the tax form. You might want to hide or display detailed instructions for completing form questions depending on a user's preferences.Finally, imagine that you want to break the tax form into multiple pages so that a person views only one part of the tax form at a time.In the following sections, you learn about the properties that you can use to hide and display controls in a form. You learn how to use the Visible and Enabled properties with individual controls and groups of controls to hide and display page content.Using the Visible and Enabled PropertiesEvery control, including both HTML and Web controls, has a Visible property that determines whether the control is rendered. When a control's Visible property has the value False, the control is not displayed on the page; the control is not processed for eitherpre-rendering or rendering.Web controls (but not every HTML control) have an additional property named Enabled. When Enabled has the value False and you are using Internet Explorer version 4.0 or higher, the control appears ghosted and no longer functions. When used with other browsers, such as Netscape Navigator, the control might not appear ghosted, but it does not function.Disabling View StateIn certain circumstances, you might want to disable view state for an individual control or for an page as a whole. For example, you might have a control that contains a lot of data (imagine a RadioButtonList control with 1,000 options). You might not want to load the data into the hidden __VIEWSTATE form field if you are worried that the form data would significantly slow down the rendering of the page.Using Rich ControlsIn the following sections, you learn how to use three of the more feature-rich controls in the framework. You learn how to use the Calendar control to display interactive calendars, the AdRotator control to display rotating banner advertisements, and the HTMLInputFile control to accept file uploads.5 ConclusionThe advantages of using Struts to realize the website construction: It adopts JSPmarked mechanism to get the reusing codes and abstract codes. This method contributed to improve the reusability and flexibility of codes. When the technology space or the problem space varied, users have much more chances to reuse codes. Using open source, everybody in the user’s ro om could check up codes. Struts make the designers and developers pay their attention to their own favorite aspects. Adopting separately control ideology to manage the problem space. The websites based on this pattern had perfectly robustness. The layer structures were clear. As to huge scale of system, Struts conducted to manage complicated system. The disadvantages of using Struts to realize the website construction: The applicable scope of Struts is limited. Struts are MVC solution based on web. So it must be achieved by HTML, JSP document and Servlet and use J2EE application program to support Struts. Struts need to support JSP1.1 and Servlet 2.2 standard Servlet container. Of course, isolating the problem scope, but strengthening the complicacy, so one must accept some training before they adopt Struts development.References1. Selfa, D.M., Carrillo, M., Del Rocío Boone, M.: A database and web application based onMVC architecture. In: International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers, pp. 48–49 (2006)2. Lin, Y.-L., Hu, J.-P.: Design and implementation of the internet service platform for rural house building technique criteria and management based on .NET MVC. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 1727–1731 (2011)3. Wang, L.-H., Xi, M., Li, D.-X.: A network-friendly architecture for Multi-view VideoCoding (MVC). Advanced Materials Research, 678–681 (2010)4. Li, J.-M., Ma, G.-S., Feng, G., Ma, Y.-Q.: Research on Web Application of Struts Framework Based on MVC Pattern. In: Shen, H.T., Li, J., Li, M., Ni, J., Wang, W. (eds.) APWeb Workshops 2006. LNCS, vol. 3842, pp. 1029–1032. Springer, Heidelberg (2006) 技术摘要：页面的构建，验证以及编程。

ASP的外文翻译文稿

Active Server Pages (ASP) is Microsoft's first server-side script engine for dynamically-generated web pages. It was initially marketed as an add-on to Internet Information Services (IIS) via the Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack, but has been included as a free component of Windows Server since the initial release of Windows 2000 Server. Programming ASP websites is made easier by various built-in objects. Each object corresponds to a group of frequently-used functions useful for creating dynamic web pages. In ASP 2.0 there are six such built-in objects: Application, ASPError, Request, Response, Server, and Session. Session, for example, is a cookie-based session object that maintains variables from page to page. Web pages with the ".asp" or file extension use ASP, although some Web sites disguise their choice of scripting language for security purposes. The ".aspx" extension is not an ASP page, but an page, another server-side scripting language from Microsoft, based on a mixture of traditional ASP, and Microsoft's .NET technology. Most ASP pages are written in VBScript, but any other Active Scripting engine can be selected instead by using the @Language directive or the <script language="language" runat="server"> syntax. JScript (Microsoft's implementation of ECMAScript) is the other language that is usually available. PerlScript (a derivative of Perl) and others are available as third-party installable Active Scripting engines. History ASP was one of the first web application development environments that integrated web application execution directly into the web server. This was done in order to achieve high performance compared to calling external executable programs or CGI scripts which was the most popular method for writing web applications at the time it was introduced. Today there are additional platforms for web application development that are more common on other operating systems. Both JavaServer Pages and PHP are more commonly found on webservers running non-Microsoft operating systems, with PHP currently being the more common of the two. Also of note is ColdFusion, a popular Java technology running on several platforms including Microsoft servers as well as other platforms. Prior to Microsoft's release of ASP for IIS 3, programmers relied on IDC and HTX files combined with ODBC drivers to display and manipulate dynamic data and pages running on IIS. The basics of these file formats and structures were used, at least in part, in the implementation of the early versions of ASP. InstantASP and ChilisoftASP are technologies that run ASP on platforms other than the Microsoft Windows Operating System. ChilisoftASP was purchased by Sun Microsystems and later renamed "Sun ONE Active Server Pages", then later renamed to "Sun Java System Active Server Pages". It appears that InstantASP is no longer available. There are large open source communities on the internet, such as ASPNuke, which produce ASP scripts, components and applications to be used free under certain license terms. [edit] Versions ASP has gone through three major releases: ASP version 1.0 (distributed with IIS 3.0) in December 1996 ASP version 2.0 (distributed with IIS 4.0) in September 1997 ASP version 3.0 (distributed with IIS 5.0) in November 2000 ASP 3.0 is currently available in IIS 6.0 on Windows Server 2003 and IIS 7.0 on Windows Server 2008. is often confused as the newest release of ASP, but the technologies are very different. relies on the .Net Framework and is a compiled language, whereas ASP is strictly an interpreted scripting language. The move from ASP 2.0 to ASP 3.0 was a relatively modest one. One of the most important additions was the Server.Execute methods, as well as the ASPError object.[1] Microsoft's What's New in IIS 5.0 lists some additional changes. There are solutions to run "Classic ASP" sites as standalone applications, such as ASPexplore, a software package that runs Microsoft Active Server Pages offline. [edit] Sample usage Several scripting languages may be used in ASP. However, the default scripting language (in classic ASP) is VBScript: <html> <body> <% Response.Write "Hello World! How are you today?" %> </body> </html> Or in a simpler format <html> <body> <%= "Hello World!" %> </body> </html> The examples above print "Hello World!" into the body of an HTML document. Here's how to connect to an Access Database <% Set oConn = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection") oConn.Open "DRIVER={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)}; DBQ=" & Server.MapPath("DB.mdb") Set rsUsers = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset") rsUsers.Open "SELECT * FROM Users", oConn %>翻译如下。

毕业论文外文翻译-Active Server Pages(ASP)

附录1 英文原文The Active Server Pages( ASP) is a server to carry the script plait writes the environment, using it can create to set up with circulate the development, alternant Web server application procedure. Using the ASP cans combine the page of HTML, script order to create to set up the alternant the page of Web with the module of ActiveX with the mighty and applied procedure in function that according to Web. The applied procedure in ASP develops very easily with modify.1 The working principle of ASPWhen the Web site into the ASP feature, will take place the following things:（1）the user browser address bar to enter a URL, the default page of the expansion are. Asp.（2）the browser request to the server.（3）the server engine running ASP procedures.（4）ASP document in accordance with the order from top to bottom starting with the implementation of the script orders, the implementation of HTML page content.（5）pages of information sent to the browser.2 ASP operating environmentAsp need to run in under the PWS or IIS. PWS or IIS services in windows98 or windows2000 on the fringe of the CD-ROM, can use the "Add / Remove Programs" in the "Add / Remove windows components" to install.Asp and the general need to access databases or a combination of SQL Server database, made a powerful process.ASP can run the web server softwareWindows2000 default installation is IIS5.0 (internet information server), and the default installation of windows xp is IIS5.1, windows 2003 default installation of IIS6.0.PWS (personal web server) running windows98 environment in a simple personal Web server.3 ASP and the meaning ofASP (Application Service Provider, application software rental service providers) refers "through the Internet to provide application software rental services industry",refers to the application software industry as the mainstay, and through one-to-many network Transmission services, such service-based business transactions to be leased by the way, in a more cost-effective manner has the right to use the software, and also because the industry centralized management and greatly reduce the cost of maintaining enterprises .Basically, ASP is a "software services, Internet services," and "outsourcing of information services and network integration" and "access of products, access products," such as the three major characteristics, can even be seen as ISP ( Internet Service Provider) and ITS (Information Technology Service) combination.ASP is the English Application Service Provider, the standard Chinese translation is "application service provider", is defined as commercial or individual customer management applications to provide solutions for companies or enterprises. ASP Chaozuo recently by the media is very fiery, the IT industry is not facing a pile of technical terms it is very difficult to clarify terminology ASP content, the paper tried to use simple language to the broad masses of readers opened the mysterious veil of ASP, IT Top of the ASP industry areas have some basic knowledge.4 Origin of ASPThe research to ASP mode and ASP enterprise's origin can proceed with two respects , one to in terms of business and technology , is it carry on research to come from ASP developing history that business commit; Another one is studies the origins of ASP enterprises and evolution course at present in terms of organization's development.Whether stand up synthetically above-mentioned developing stage, to put it briefly, present ASP history and development path of provider can simple to describe as:The first, developed from the past ISP, rounded the infrastructure and communication function, cooperate with software manufacturer, increase the business scope, develop into the present IDC (the data centre of Internet)；The second，the past ISV (independent software provider ) and V AR (the trader that resells value-added service ), at Internet age , changed the marketing way in the past , would rely mainly on sale of the software product to change direction to rely mainly on the fact that right to use is leased in the past, bale from physics carrier encapsulation way change direction and long-range operation way main fact now,through the cooperation with network operator , realize the transition to ASP；The third ，IT service departments and traditional advisory companies of traditional large- scale organization, at the foundation known deeply in Internet , depend on long-term experience, is it carry on systematic design and implementation of scheme for other customer to begin, through establish in with trader who operates network and alliance relation between the application software manufacturer, realize the ASP provider that appears in the capacity of system integration trader.5 The developing history and classification of ASPSeen from the present, ASP is as emerging and proposing formally it is only a thing from the end of 1998 to the beginning of 1999 of a kind of mode. And until from the end of 1999 to the beginning of 2000 to a great extent, ASP field relevant outstanding behaviours at the capital market of Company just cause people's extensive concern. In fact speaking from the intension and essence of ASP mode, it is not the brand-new things, but the mode that had once had, has been given the new vitality at Internet age. During this festival, we will review the course that ASP produce development and develop, in order to help the essence of better deep understanding ASP. At the end, we will concentrate on introducing the situation which enterprises divide from different standards in ASP field at present.The HTML plait writes the personnel if you are a simple method that a HTML plait writes the personnel, you will discover the script of ASP providing to create to have diplomatic relation with each other page. If you once want that collect the data from the form of HTML, or use the name personalization HTML document of the customer, or according to the different characteristic in different usage of the browser, you will discover ASP providing an outstanding solution. Before, to think that collect the data from the form of HTML, have to study a plait distance language to create to set up a CGI application procedure. Now, you only some simple instruction into arrive in your HTML document, can collect from the form the data combine proceeding analysis. You need not study the complete plait distance language again or edit and translate the procedure to create to have diplomatic relation alone with each other page.Along with control to use the ASP continuously with the phonetic technique in script, you can create to set up the more complicated script. For the ASP, you can then conveniently usage ActiveX module to carry out the complicated mission, link the database for example with saving with inspectional information.If you have controlled a script language, such as VBScript, JavaScript or PERL, and you have understood the method that use the ASP.As long as installed to match the standard cowgirl in the script of ActiveX script engine, can use in the page of ASP an any a script language. Does the ASP take the Microsoft? Visual Basic? Scripting Edition ( VBScript) with Microsoft? Script? Of script engine, like this you can start the editor script immediately. PERL, REXX with Python ActiveX script engine can from the third square develops the personnel acquires. The Web develops the personnel if you have controlled a plait distance language, such as Visual Basic, you will discover the ASP creates a very vivid method that set up the Web application procedure quickly. Pass to face to increase in the HTML the script order any, you can create the HTML that set up the applied procedure connects. Pass to create to set up own the module of ActiveX, can will apply the business in the procedure logic seal to pack and can adjust from the script, other module or from the other procedure the mold piece that use.The usage ASP proceeds the calculating Web can convert into the visible benefits, it can make the supplier of Web provide the alternant business application but not only is to announce the contents. For example, the travel agency can compare the announcement aviation schedule makes out more; Using the script of ASP can let the customer inspect the current service, comparison expenses and prepare to book seats.Include too can lower in the Windows NT Option Microsoft in the pack Transaction Server ( MTS) on the server complexity of constructing the procedure with expenses. The MTS can resolve to develop those confidentialities strong, can ratings of and the dependable Web applies the complexity problem of the procedure.6 Active Server Pages modelThe browser requests from the server of Web. Hour of asp document, the script of ASP starts circulating. Then the server of Web adjusts to use the ASP, the ASP reads completely the document of the claim, carry out all scripts order any, combining to deliver the page of Web to browser.Because script is on the server but is not at the customer to carry the movement, deliver the page of Web on the browser is on the Web server born. Combining to deliver the standard HTML to browser. Because only the result that there is script returns the browser, so the server carries the not easy replication in script. The customer cans not see to create to set up them at script order that the page that view.We introduce the Basic form of the database language known as SQL, a language that allows us to query and manipulate data on computerized relational database systems. SQL has been the lingua franca for RDBMS since the early 1980s, and it is of fundamental importance for many of the concepts presented in this text. The SQL language is currently in transition from the relational form (the ANSI SQL –92 standard) to a newer object-relational form (ANSI SQL -99, which was released in 1999). SQL-99 should be thought of as extending SQL-92, not changing any of the earlier valid language. Usually, the basic SQL we define matches most closely the ANSI SQL standards basic subsets, called Entry SQL -92 and core SQL-99 that are commonly implemented; our touchstone in defining basic SQL is to provide a syntax that is fully available on most of the major RDBMS products.We begin with an overview of SQL capabilities, and then we explain something about the multiple SQL standards and dialects and how we will deal with these in our presentation.We will learn how to pose comparable queries in SQL, using a form known as the Select statement. As we will see, the SQL select statement offers more flexibility in a number of ways than relational algebra for posing queries. However, there is no fundamental improvement in power, nothing that could not be achieved in relationalalgebra , given a few well-considered extensions. For this reason, experience with relational algebra gives us a good idea of what can be accomplished in SQL. At the same time, SQL and relational algebra have quite different conceptual models in a number of respects, and the insight drawn from familiarity with the relational algebra approach may enhance your understanding of SQL capabilities.The most important new feature you will encounter with SQL is the ability to pose queries interactively in a computerized environment. The SQL select statementis more complicated and difficult to master than the relatively simple relational algebra, but you should never feel list or uncertain as long as you have access to computer facilities where a few experiments can clear up uncertainties about SQL use. The interactive SQL environment discussed in the current chapter allows you to type a query on a monitor screen and get an immediate answer. Such interactive queries are sometimes called ad box queries. This term refers to the fact that an SQL select statement is meant to be composed all at once in a few type written lines and not be dependent on any prior interaction in a user session. The feature of not being dependent on prior interaction is also down as non-procedurality. SQL differs in this way even from relational algebra, where a prior alias statement might be needed in order to represent a product of a table with itself. The difference between SQL and procedural languages such as java or c is profound: you do not need to write a program to try out an SQL query, you just have to type the relatively short,self-contained text of the query and submit it .Of course, an SQL query can be rather complex . A limited part of this full form, know as a sub-query, is defined recursively, and the full select statement form has one added clause. You should not feel intimidated by the complexity of the select statement, however. The fact that a select statement is non-procedural means that it has a lot in common with a menu driven application, where a user is expected to fill in some set of choices from a menu and then press the enter key to execute the menu choices all at once. The various clauses of the select statement correspond to menuchoices: you will occasionally need all these clauses, but on not expect to use all of them every time you pose a query.Observed reliability depends on the context in which the system s used. As discussed already, the system environment cannot be specified in advance nor can the system designers place restrictions on that environment for operational systems. Different systems in an environment may react to problems in unpredictable ways, thus affecting the reliability of all of these systems. There for, even when the system has been integrated, it may be difficult to make accurate measurements of its reliability.7 Visual Basic Database Access prospectsWith the recent Web application software and the rapid development of the existing data stored in diverse forms, Visual Basic Database Access Solutions faces such as rapid extraction enterprises located in the internal and external business information with the multiple challenges. To this end Microsoft, a new database access strategy "unified data access" (UniversalDataAccess) strategy. "Unified data access" to provide high-performance access, including relational and non-relational data in a variety of sources, provide independent in the development of language development tools and the simple programming interface, these technologies makes enterprise integration of multiple data sources, better choice of development tools, application software, operating platforms, and will establish a maintenance easy solution possible.Form: Jilin normal university，07th issue in 2007附录2 汉语翻译Active Server Pages（ASP）是服务器端脚本编写环境，使用它可以创建和运行动态、交互的Web 服务器应用程序。

ASP 3.0 高级编程-中英文对照文献

1.外文资料翻译译文ASP 3.0 高级编程万维网( World Wide Web，WWW )起源于设在瑞士的CERN实验室。

Tim Berners-Lee及其开发小组，花费大量的时间，研究建立了一种以一定格式传输信息的方法，这就是众所周知的超文本传输协议(简称为HTTP)。

该协议使用了超文本标记语言 (HTML)。

HTML设计简单，结构灵活，允许在Web浏览器及其他兼容的应用程序中显示文本及图像。

文档的某些部分可以成为超链接，即当其被选择时，可以显示不同的页面或同一页面的不同部分。

标记语言是由特定字符分隔的基本元素，指定基本元素中所包含的文本或其他条目如何显示。

例如<EM>This is some Emphasized text</EM>。

HTML是一种广泛基于标准通用标记语言(Standard Generalized Makeup Language，SGML)的标记语言。

SGM L是描述语言的一种方法，其本身并不是用来创建网页的语言。

HTML语言从简单开始，不断增加一些附加的功能，直至形成了今天所用的HTML 4.0版本。

这些新增的特性提供了更灵活的文本字体风格 (例如< FONT >元素)，以及对输出页面布局的更多控制(如窗体和帧的使用)。

早期的网页所缺乏的是动态的内容。

刚一开始时，这还不是一个问题，因为 HTML的开发是为了在计算机、网络及操作系统之间显示和传送信息 (特别是技术和科学信息)。

这种标准化的文档仅是一种简单的文本和标记，其中的图像和其他非文本的内容以单独文件形式存放，它们可以在各种网络上自由传送。

另外，由于信息的格式是固定的，其组成元素的含义也是在HTM L中定义好的。

对于一个“阅读器”或浏览器应用程序，用任何程序语言在任何平台或操作系统中相对来说是比较容易实现的。

只要建立这些信息网页，文本文件和图像可通过 Web服务器应用程序传送给用户，Web服务器应用程序简单地从磁盘中读取它们并且把输出转换成能够在网络中传送的正确 HTTP协议。

ASP论文外文翻译---从底层了解ASPNET的结构

原文1A low-level Look at the ArchitectureAbstract is a powerful platform for building Web applications that provides a tremendous amount of flexibility and power for building just about any kind of Web application. Most people are familiar only with the high level frameworks like WebForms and WebServices which sit at the very top level of the hierarchy. In this article I’ll describe the lower level aspects of and explain how requests move from Web Server to the runtime and then through the Http Pipeline to process requests.What is Let’s start with a simple definition: What is ? I like to define as follows: is a sophisticated engine using Managed Code for front to back processing of Web Requests.It's much more than just WebForms and Web Services… is a request processing engine. It takes an incoming request and passes it through its internal pipeline to an end point where you as a developer can attach code to process that request. This engine is actually completely separated from HTTP or the Web Server. In fact, the HTTP Runtime is a component that you can host in your own applications outside of IIS or any server side application altogether. The runtime provides a complex yet very elegant mechanism for routing requests through this pipeline. There are a number of interrelated objects, most of which are extensible either via subclassing or through event interfaces at almost every level of the process, so the framework is hig hly extensible. Through this mechanism it’s possible to hook into very low level interfaces such as the caching, authentication and authorization. You can even filter content by pre or post processing requests or simply route incoming requests that match a specific signature directly to your code or another URL. There are a lot of different ways to accomplish the same thing, but all of the approaches are straightforward to implement, yet provide flexibility in finding the best match for performance and ease of development.The entire engine was completely built in managed code and all of the extensibility functionality is provided via managed code extensions. This is a testament to the power of the .NET framework in its ability to build sophisticated and very performance oriented architectures. Above all though, the most impressive part of is the thoughtful design that makes the architecture easy to work with, yet provides hooks into just about any part of the request processing.With you can perform tasks that previously were the domain of ISAPI extensions and filters on IIS –with some limitations, but it’s a lot closer than say ASP was. ISAPI is a low level Win32 style API that had a very meager interface and was very difficult to work for sophisticated applications. Since ISAPI is very low level it also is very fast, but fairly unmanageable for application level development. So, ISAPI has been mainly relegated for some time to providing bridge interfaces to other application or platf orms. But ISAPI isn’t dead by any means. In fact, on Microsoft platforms interfaces with IIS through an ISAPI extension that hosts .NET and through it the runtime. ISAPI provides the core interface from the Web Server and uses the unmanaged ISAPI code to retrieve input and send output back to the client. The content that ISAPI provides is available via common objects like HttpRequest and HttpResponse that expose the unmanaged data as managed objects with a nice and accessible interface.The ISAPI ConnectionISAPI is a low level unmanged Win32 API. The interfaces defined by the ISAPI spec are very simplistic and optimized for performance. They are very low level –dealing with raw pointers and function pointer tables for callbacks - but they provide he lowest and most performance oriented interface that developers and tool vendors can use to hook into IIS. Because ISAPI is very low level it’s not well suited for building application level code, and ISAPI tends to be used primarily as a bridge interface to provide Application Server type functionality to higher level tools. For example, ASP and both are layered on top of ISAPI as is Cold Fusion, most Perl, PHP and JSP implementations running on IIS as well as many third party solutions such as my own Web Connection framework for Visual FoxPro. ISAPI is an excellent tool to provide the high performance plumbing interface to higher level applications, which can then abstract the information that ISAPI provides. In ASP and , the engines abstract the information provided by the ISAPI interface in the form of objects like Request and Response that read their content out of the ISAPI request information. Think of ISAPI as the plumbing. For the ISAPI dll is very lean and acts merely as a routing mechanism to pipe the inbound request into the runtime. All the heavy lifting and processing, and even the request thread management happens inside of the engine and your code.As a protocol ISAPI supports both ISAPI extensions and ISAPI Filters. Extensions are a request handling interface and provide the logic to handle input and output with the Web Server –it’s essentially a transaction interface. ASP and are implemented as ISAPI extensions. ISAPI filters are hook interfaces that allow the ability to look at EVERY request that comes into IIS and to modify the content or change the behavior of functionalities like Authentication. Incidentally maps ISAPI-like functionality via two concepts: Http Handlers (extensions) and Http Modules (filters). We’ll look at these later in more detail.ISAPI is the initial code point that marks the beginning of an request. maps various extensions to its ISAPI extension which lives in the .NET Framework directory:本文摘自/presentations/howaspnetworks/howaspnetworks.asp译文1从底层了解的结构·摘要是一个用于构建Web程序的强大平台，提供了强大的柔性和能力以至于它可以构建任意的Web程序。

网络应用程序ASP中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文资料外文翻译文献Moving from Classic ASP to ABSTRACT is Microsoft new offering for Web application development, innovation within have resulted in significant industry popularity for this product. Consequently there is an increased need for education. The Web Application Development is a third year undergraduate course. To meet the demands of both industry and students, we have changed the focus of this course from Classic ASP to . This paper reports this move. The significant features of and the motivations for this move are discussed. The process, the problems encountered, and some helpful online learning resources are described.Key wordsWeb Application Development, Classic ASP, , Move, 1. INTRODUCTION is not just a new version of ASP. It provides innovation for moving Windows applications to Web applications. Web services and the .NET framework have made the vision of the Web as the next generation computing platform a reality. With server controls, Web forms and “code-behind”, we can develop a Web application by using a complete object-oriented programming (OOP) model. This increases the popularity of in industry. The industry project is the final course of the Bachelor of Computing Systems (BCS) degree at UNITEC, in which students undertake a real-world project. We have observed a rapid growth of related industry projects in our school.The Web Application Development (WAD) paper is a third year undergraduate course. It was originally offered using ASP 2.0 and ColdFusion. To meet the demands from both industry and students, we have changed the course content to cover , Visual () and ColdFusion. This change commencedwith the first semester of 2003.This paper will examine the features of and explain why these are unique. The motivations for moving to are discussed by analyzing the current situation of related to industry projects in our school, analyzing the results of short surveys on students, and analyzing whether is a better tool for teaching. Problems encountered during the move are also discussed and some of the learning resources are presented. It is anticipated that these will be helpful for teachers who intend to introduce .2. WHAT MAKES SPECIAL?There are many articles on the Internet discussing the advantages of over Classic Active Server Pages (ASP), such as that introduces an integrated development environment (IDE), a single development library for all types of applications, compiled as well as strongly typed code, and a true OO approach to Web application development (Goodyear, 2002, Bloom, 2002).Traditionally, we have three versions of ASP (ASP 1.0, ASP 2.0 and ASP 3.0), which are called Classic ASP. Although each version provides certain new features to overcome the shortcomings of its predecessors, these versions of ASP follow the same working model and share many limitations. Their successor supports complete new working model while preserving the traditional working model and provides innovative techniques to overcome the limitations of Classic ASP.2.1. Architecture enhances and extends the Windows DNA (Windows Distributed interNet Application). The windows DNA specification is a methodology for building n-tier applications using Microsoft (DCOM/COM) technologies. Breaking applications into functional pieces and deploying these across a network is a strategy to make better use of organizational resources. This needs a well-planned architecture. In the past, usually it was the windows DNA. DCOM communication normally has problems with firewalls and proxy servers. This means Windows DNA usually onlyworks well within an intranet, not on the Internet. DCOM/ COM also need registry entries. makes the process of creating and integrating Web Services easier, which can be used in a similar manner to the Windows DNA. Here DCOM/COM is no longer involved. HTTP (as channels), SOAP (as formatters) and XML are used for communication and data-transfer between distributed components. This overcomes the problem of communicating across the Internet and across corporate firewalls without resorting to proprietary solutions that require additional communications ports to be opened to external access. In addition, URI (uniform resource identifier) and UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration) are used for remote components references instead of registry entries.2.2. Development integrates seamlessly with IDE. includes built-in support for creating and modifying content. This unifies the ASP/VB programming models for the developers. Instead of opening multiple IDEs (as with Classic ASP platform), developers can open a single IDE and do all their work from a clean, consistent interface. is equipped with powerful debugging environment. This means that the powerful debugger for Windows applications is now available to debug Web applications as well. enables programmers to take advantage of the OOP model, for example, code sharing. Under OOP model, one of the most common ways to achieve code sharing is inheritance, which is not available in Classic ASP. Since complete OO features are supported in , developers can transfer their OO design smoothly into code, enabling a software company to keep their Windows application development styles, with which they are familiar, in Web application development; and also they can convert their Windows applications into Web applications without major modifications.’s improved state maintenance features enable us to provide users with Web applications that are richer and faster than Classis ASP (Olges,2002). supports advanced session state management. There are two major problems with session management in Classic ASP: session objects are stored in the Web server memory and session IDs are stored on the client computers as cookies. These prevent session management from being efficiently implemented. solves these problems in two ways: it provides a “cookieless” option for session objects so that a session ID can be passed via URL; it provides three different session modes (inprocess, state server, and SQL Server), so that a session object can either be stored on the Web server, a remote server or a database.3. THE MOTIVATIONS FOR MOVING3.1. The industry motivationI’ve checked almost all the industry projects in our school for three semesters on whether they are WAD related, if yes, then what tools they have used. Table 1 shows a brief summary of the results.For these three semesters, the total ASP/ projects are increasing, but slowly. However the Classic ASP projects are dropping quickly and the projects are increasing rapidly (in the speed of more than 12% per semester). This gives us an idea that is preferred over Classic ASP in industry especially given that is only officially first released in 2002. Our student’s feedbacks from their industry communication confirm this view. A huge number of articles on the Internet also support this view. This encourages us to drop Classic ASP and move to in our WAD course. Higher education has over years recognized that it is a service industry and has to revaluate their approach in the industry by placing greater emphasis on meeting the expectations and needs of their stakeholders (Nair, 2002). 3.2. The student motivationThe students demand . When students enroll in our WAD course, most of them are aiming to become a professional software developer. As a matter of fact, some of them already are software developers, or they were software developers and are seeking to return to the workplace. Techniques highly demanded in workplace are of great interest to them.A short survey has been given to past students and current students respectively. For the past students, among the 11 responses, 100% students still want to learn ; and if they are given choice, 82% students prefer to learn rather than Classic ASP, 18% students like to learn both. These answers are also supported by comments, such as “I would prefer to know the technology that the industry requires me to work with”, “I would like to work in future as a WAD professional andI think would be usefu l in this field.” For the current students, among the16 responses, 75% students prefer to learn rather than Classic ASP. However, 25% students answered no idea. This could be due to that they lack of knowledge of Classic ASP. This survey is done after 6 weeks of teaching.3.3. The pedagogical motivationPedagogically speaking, a good tool for industry is not necessarily a good tool for teaching. Is a better tool for teaching than Classic ASP? provides much richer language features than Classic ASP. We often have options to perform certain tasks. A key benefit of is that there exists a more gradual transition in programming models from simple to powerful, or from easy to difficult. Although supports OOP model, you don’t have to program by using that model. A Web form without “code-behind” will work perfectly. An web page in complete Classic ASP model will still work. Although is integrated with , we are not limited to use . A notepad and a FTP client with a pre-created Web application directory also allow us to develop a reasonably large application. With , we can either develop a large distributed application with numbers of Web services and consumers, or develop a single simple Web application. Therefore, provides sufficient room for us to organize course materials at a suitable level for the students. The challenge for a lecturer is how to settle in at the right balance of power vs. simplicity, or at the right balance of difficulty vs. ease. offers a more conventional approach to programming than does Classic ASP. It possesses all the features of a modern programming language. The Classic ASP programming style favors developers coming from HTML coding background, whereas is more suited to professional software developers. Given our entire WAD students have taken C/Delphi programming courses, and our aim is to output software professionals, is a better teaching tool for us. enhances the programming concepts the students learned from the previous courses and provides a good bridge to Advanced Distributed Computing and Advanced Object- Oriented Programming.4. THE PROCESSOur first step was to learn . After reading books and online tutorials, the next step is practical. We set an implementation server on the laptop in a stand-alone environment. The .NET Framework requires IIS 5 and the above; Windows 2000 or Windows XP professional will work with .NET. However, Windows XP home edition or Windows 98 won’t work. On the client side, we can either use or WebMatrix. Among these, only costs money. The .NET Framework is included inside the package. We also can download the .NET Frameworkfrom the Internet. After the .NET Framework is installed, the QuickStart Tutorial is set up. It is also found on the Internet. This tutorial is a good starting point for experienced developers. It is claimed that the readers “should be fluent in HTML and general Web development term inology. …… should be familiar with the concepts behind interactive Web pages, including forms, scripts, and data access.” More complicated examples can be found from Microsoft .NET Framework SDK Documentation or Microsoft Visual Studio .NET Documentation.The second step was to test the teaching environment. A teaching server was set up for the Intranet on campus. It is configured for the client computers in the teaching lab. is installed on the client computers. provides two ways to access the Web server: FrontPage server extensions and File share. The FrontPage server extension is used on our teaching server. Programming testing has been done on all the major aspects of WAD. Except a few special ones, most of the problems occurred during the testing were minor problems which, after the communication with our Web technician, were resolved.Teaching materials have been updated. The major changes have been made on the data interaction, form and controls, application/session management, and error handling. Given that has made XML very practical and the using of Web service much easier. A lecture on XML and Web service has been added. As a result, ColdFusion lectures are reduced. The assessment has been adjusted accordingly. 5. THE PROBLEMSWe have to admit that with is a much more complicated client server environment than the Classic ASP environment. This complexity comes from the configuration system and the integration between the client computers and the Web server.On server, each level of the application directory can have a configuration file. All these configuration files are optional except Machine.config. A developer has full control over those optional configuration files. Developers become more involved with the server settings via these files. One problem that happened to several students and myself on our home servers is the permission problem. We found our applications didn’t have permission to write to database/XML files. Microsoft (2003) provides three solutions to this problem. The simplest one is to change the Machine.config file and set the username attribute to SYSTEM in the <processModel> section.We observed that behave differently in a stand-alone environment, asingle user client server environment, and a multiple user client server environment. A few problems don’t occur in the first two environments occur frequently in the last environment. The major one is when we try to create a new project or open an existing project, we often get an error message, “The user name or password you entered is incorrect, or you do not have authorization to permit this operation”, even if our user name and password are perfectly correct. This problem seems to be caused by FrontPage server extensions. Regularly cleaning VSWebCache partially solved the problem. This approach is confirmed by Kiely (2003).Another problem is a debug problem. When we try to use Debug|Start or Debug|Start Without Debugging in the multiple user client server environment within , we often get error messages. “…… Unable to start debugging on the web server. ……”. However,we don’t have the same problem for Debug|Start Without Debugging in the single user client server environment. We don’t have any problem in a standalone environment. After adding users to the debugging group on the server, the problem still exists. The reason of this problem is not clear to the author.6. RESOURCESThere is a huge amount of helpful online learning resources related to . Here are a couple of them, which are particularly helpful to the author./aspxtreme/. Accessed April 17, 2003. This site provides many tutorials covering wide range concepts. They usually show you how to do a particular task step by step. Some of the examples have both C# and VB versions./resources/spcollections/aspnet/default.asp. Accessed April 17, 2003. This site provides many articles from intermediate level to highly technical level. These articles are mostly from online magazines and they discuss many interesting topics in ./aspnet/. Accessed May 5, 2003. This site provides free source code and tutorials for developers. We can find complete examples for some typical tasks./. Accessed May 5, 2003. This site provides wide range of tutorials for different levels of readers. This is my favorite site. I’ve been with it since Classic ASP. I found that whenever I meet a challenging problem, I always find a solution here./tutorialsindex.aspx. Accessed May 5, 2003. This site provides wide range of articles for different levels of readers. Articles are groupedaccording to topics, which is very helpful when we do research on a particular topic.7. CONCLUSIONMoving from Classic ASP to has proven to be a challenging and exciting process. The author has learned a lot in this process. From the responses to our six-week survey, 100% students feel our WAD course challenging. However, most of them still prefer to learn rather than Classic ASP. We feel confident about the move. The issue is how to organize the course and help the students meet the challenge. is certainly an outstanding tool for both teaching and development. As a new development platform, we do need some time to absorb all the new features.从经典ASP到摘要是微软公司基于网络应用程序新开发出的产品，这个产品的普及在的创新当中具有重大意义，因此在方面的教育有了很大的需求。

asp技术外文翻译

原文：（一）An Active Server Page (ASP)1. This paper firstly introduces multi-tier B/S Architecture and Web-related technology .Based on them , this paper presents system objection, system demand, main feather and system design solution ,particularly describes system design and implement in detail. In system design and implement，and key points in other sub-system are also analyzed further .This paper also introduces mostly technology of system . Lastly, this paper makes a summery and figures out some problem which need to be improved.2. computing has brought about a whole new standard of corporate computing productivity, but at the same time it has introduced many new problems for corporate IT organizations.The advent of low-cost desktop computers makes B/S possible. No longer is it necessary for users to wait even seconds to interact with their corporate data. With their own computer on their desktop they do not need to wait for the mainframe to respond.All of this cheap computer power has also made it possible to support computation- intensive graphical interfaces, which are much easier for users to understand.In order for B/S to work, the application program which used to reside entirely on the mainframe has been split into two pieces, the client piece and the server piece.The portion of the application that resides in the Client personal computer includes logic for the presentation of information to the user and mechanisms for accepting user input. It also includes logic for data interaction at the Client, such as changing the appearance of the graphical interface as the user make various choices.The Client software often includes corporate business rules that allow data to be validated before it is sent to the server.The portion of the application that remains on the Server is usually just the portion that stores data at a central location, accessible to other users. The once mighty mainframes have been reduced to database servers, while the rest of the application has migrated out to the clients.This migration has caused many problems. The Client machines have become "fat". As the complexity of applications has risen it has become necessary to supply users with more and more powerful computers with faster processors, more disk storage, and more RAM. It is true that personal computer manufacturers have been able to deliver better and better computers for the same amount of money, but the constant upgrades required are costly for corporations. It takes more people and time to upgrade hundreds or thousands of personal computers than it used to take to just upgrade the mainframes.Setting aside the cost of Client equipment, the proliferation of corporate applications, including business logic, to hundreds or thousands of machines has become a major cost factor for corporations. Where IT staffs used to be able to maintain all the corporate software assets in one central location, they now need to maintain corporate software spread all across the corporation, often housed in computers that are out of IT control.There are many estimates available that the cost of Client/Server computing is eight or more times the cost of the equipment alone. Several companies offer large, expensive systems that have the sole purpose of maintaining corporate software spread out all over the corporation.The issue here is not personal-productivity software such as word processors and spreadsheets. Personal software products have enabled knowledge workers to attain new heights of productivity. The issue is the maintenance of corporate software, such as order-entry and accounting. Imagine the difficulty of making a schema change in a corporate database, and synchronizing that change with the updating of thousands of copies of the corresponding Client software.It is true that the use of department-level LANs can bring down the number of copies that need to be updated to hundreds, instead of thousands. The size of the LANs must be limited, because the large size of the fat client software requires a responsive LAN or else the users will just copy the enterprise software to their own machines, bringing us back to thousands of copies to be maintained.The task of making simultaneous changes to even hundreds of copies of client software is still a daunting one.3. which in turn serves it back to the client in your personal computer, which displays the information for you.The client/server model has become one of the central ideas of network computing. Most business applications being written today use the client/server model. So does the Internet's main program, TCP/IP. In marketing, the term has been used to distinguish distributed computing by smaller dispersed computers from the "monolithic" centralized computing of mainframe computers. But this distinction has largely disappeared as mainframes and their applications have also turned to the client/server model and become part of network computing.In the usual client/server model, one server, sometimes called a daemon, is activated and awaits client requests. Typically, multiple client programs share the services of a common server program. Both client programs and server programs are often part of a larger program or application. Relative to the Internet, your Web browser is a client program that requests services (the sending of Web pages or files) from a Web server (which technically is called a Hypertext Transport Protocol or HTTP server) in another computer somewhere on the Internet. Similarly, your computer with TCP/IP installed allows you to make client requests for files from File Transfer Protocol (FTP) servers in other computers on the Internet.Other program relationship models included master/slave, with one program being in charge of all other programs, and peer-to-peer, with either of two programs able to initiate a transaction.ASP is also an abbreviation for application service provider.An Active Server Page (ASP) is an HTML page that includes one or more scripts (small embedded programs) that are processed on a Microsoft Web server before the page is sent to the user. An ASP is somewhat similar to a server-side include or a common gateway interface (CGI) application in that all involve programs that run on the server, usually tailoring a page for the user. Typically, the script in the Web pageat the server uses input received as the result of the user's request for the page to access data from a database and then builds or customizes the page on the fly before sending it to the requestor.ASP is a feature of the Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS), but, since the server-side script is just building a regular HTML page, it can be delivered to almost any browser. You can create an ASP file by including a script written in VBScript or JavaScript in an HTML file or by using ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) program statements in the HTML file. You name the HTML file with the ".asp" file suffix. Microsoft recommends the use of the server-side ASP rather than a client-side script, where there is actually a choice, because the server-side script will result in an easily displayable HTML page. Client-side scripts (for example, with JavaScript) may not work as intended on older browsers.For Web service applications, Microsoft provides a new version of ASP support called .4. Browser/Server is a trademark for the new paradigm of corporate computing that is now possible using technology developed for the World Wide Web.At the present time the Web is used by the many corporations to distribute marketing materials. The corporate Web Server is usually just a Brochure Server for the Marketing department.The potential exists for using Web Browsers and Severs for much more, especially behind the corporate firewall. Browser/Server technology can be used to enhance most corporate computing systems, not just the system used for marketing.To understand the important new role that Browser/Server technology can play within a company it is useful to examine the previous paradigms that have paved the way for Browser/Server computing.Computers were first used in Batch mode. End users had little interaction with the corporate computing systems. Inputs would be gathered in a "batch" and keyed into punch cards, which were fed by operators into the mainframe computer when the computer was done running previous batch jobs. When the mainframe processed the job it usually produced printed output which eventually made its way to the end user. The batch process included no user interaction, and the only recourse a user had after discovering errors in the batch run was to go through the cycle, which often took hours or even days, again and again.The addition of dumb terminals to the mainframe gave the users direct, hands-on, connections to the corporate computer. Users no longer had to wait for a computer operator to run their jobs, they could enter the data and initiate processing themselves. There were still delays involved. Dumb terminals were useful for inputting and displaying information, but because they had no processing ability it was necessary for the user to interact with the mainframe in order to interact with their data. Batch jobs previously could be run one-by-one if necessary, but mainframes had to deal with all attached terminals seemingly at once. This lead to delays as users waited for the mainframe to "turn around" their terminal messages while they interacted with their data.Still, the delays were now down to seconds or minutes, instead of hours or days.Client/Server computing has brought about a whole new standard of corporate computing productivity, but at the same time it has introduced many new problems for corporate IT organizations.The advent of low-cost desktop computers makes Client/Server possible. No longer is it necessary for users to wait even seconds to interact with their corporate data. With their own computer on their desktop they do not need to wait for the mainframe to respond.All of this cheap computer power has also made it possible to support computation- intensive graphical interfaces, which are much easier for users to understand.In order for Client/Server to work, the application program which used to reside entirely on the mainframe has been split into two pieces, the client piece and the server piece.The portion of the application that resides in the Client personal computer includes logic for the presentation of information to the user and mechanisms for accepting user input. It also includes logic for data interaction at the Client, such as changing the appearance of the graphical interface as the user make various choices.The Client software often includes corporate business rules that allow data to be validated before it is sent to the server.The portion of the application that remains on the Server is usually just the portion that stores data at a central location, accessible to other users. The once mighty mainframes have been reduced to database servers, while the rest of the application has migrated out to the clients.This migration has caused many problems. The Client machines have become "fat". As the complexity of applications has risen it has become necessary to supply users with more and more powerful computers with faster processors, more disk storage, and more RAM. It is true that personal computer manufacturers have been able to deliver better and better computers for the same amount of money, but the constant upgrades required are costly for corporations. It takes more people and time to upgrade hundreds or thousands of personal computers than it used to take to just upgrade the mainframes.Setting aside the cost of Client equipment, the proliferation of corporate applications, including business logic, to hundreds or thousands of machines has become a major cost factor for corporations. Where IT staffs used to be able to maintain all the corporate software assets in one central location, they now need to maintain corporate software spread all across the corporation, often housed in computers that are out of IT control.There are many estimates available that the cost of Client/Server computing is eight or more times the cost of the equipment alone. Several companies offer large, expensive systems that have the sole purpose of maintaining corporate software spread out all over the corporation.The issue here is not personal-productivity software such as word processors and spreadsheets. Personal software products have enabled knowledge workers to attain new heights of productivity. The issue is the maintenance of corporate software, such as order-entry and accounting. Imagine the difficulty of making a schema change in acorporate database, and synchronizing that change with the updating of thousands of copies of the corresponding Client software.It is true that the use of department-level LANs can bring down the number of copies that need to be updated to hundreds, instead of thousands. The size of the LANs must be limited, because the large size of the fat client software requires a responsive LAN or else the users will just copy the enterprise software to their own machines, bringing us back to thousands of copies to be maintained.The task of making simultaneous changes to even hundreds of copies of client software is still a daunting one.The split-up of the corporate applications is different for Browser/Server . The user interface and the data interaction components are still run on the user machine, but the business logic usually remains on the Server, usually in a special Server called an Application Server.The user interface and data interaction components do run on the Client, but they are not ultimately stored there. They are most probably Java applets stored in a corporate Intranet Web Server, and they are automatically loaded into the Browser software on the user machine as they are needed. If a newer version becomes available, then that version is automatically loaded.We have achieved the same benefits as with Client/Server, but without the enormous distribution and maintenance problem. The only software that the user machine needs, besides an operating system and personal productivity software, is a Web Browser that runs Java applets.Since much of the "fat" of the application resides in the business logic Application Server, the need to constantly upgrade the user machines is greatly reduced. There is no need to spend precious time and hard disk space installing corporate software on thousands of user machines, or hundreds of departmental LANs.Corporate software assets now all reside in corporate servers, under IT control. Updates to systems are now easily coordinated.So exactly what is Browser/Server technology? Browser/Server is an important adaptation of modern network-centric computing that optimizes the performance of mission critical enterprise applications deployed via the corporate intranet and/or World Wide Web.Browser/Server accomplishes these performance gains with customized multi-tiered infrastructure and application designs that produce production solutions with reduced network requests and increased user interaction.（二）SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCEThe activity of software quality assurance is closely related to verification and validation activities carried out at each stage of the software life cycle[1]．Indeed，in many organizations there is no distinction made between these activities．However，quality assurance and other verification and validation activities are actually quite separate，with quality assurance being a management function and verification andvalidation being part of the process of software development[2]．An appropriate definition of software quality assurance is provided by Bersoff（1984）：Quality assurance consists of those procedures，techniques and tools applied by professionals to ensure that a product meets or exceeds prespecified standards during a products development cycle[3]；and without specific prescribed standards，quality assurance entails ensuring that a product meets or exceed a minimal industrial and / or commercially acceptable level of excellence．This definition is，of course[4]，a fairly general one and it suggests that，firstly，software standards can be established and，secondly，the level of excellence of a software product can be estimated．The development of software engineering project standards is an extremely difficult process. A standard is some abstract representation of a product which defines the minimal level of performance，robustness，organization，etc.，which the developed product must attain[5]．At the time of writing，some software standards have been developed by the IEEE，ANSI and military organizations．These standards describe configuration management plans，documentation，specification practices，software comparisons，etc．Other standards which are currently under development include standards for reliability，measurement，the use of Ada as PDL[6]，software testing and others．Bransta d and Powell（1984）describe both existing and planned software standards as well as discussing standardization in more general terms．The problem with national software standards is that they tend to be very general in nature. This is inevitable as，unlike hardware，we are not yet capable of quantifying most software characteristics．Effective quality assurance within an organization thus requires the development of more specific organizational standards．Of course，the problem which arises in developing software standards for quality assurance and which makes the assessment of the level of excellence of a software product difficult to assess is the elusive nature of software quality．Boehm et al．（1978）suggest that quality criteria include but are not limited to：Economy Correctness ResilienceIntegrity Reliability UsabilityDocumentation Modifiability ClarityUnderstandability Validity MaintainabilityFlexibility Generality PortabilityInteroperability Testability EfficiencyModularity ReusabilityExactly how some of these criteria may be quantified is not clear．Furthermore，as Buckley and Poston（1984）point out，parts of this definition may have no value for a particular product．It may be possible to transfer a system from a microcomputer to a large mainframe but this is often a nonsensical thing to do．Assessment of software quality thus still relies on the judgement of skilled individuals although this does not mean that it is necessarily inferior to quantitative assessment．After all，we cannotassess a painting or a play quantitatively yet this does not preclude a judgement of its quality．Within an organization，quality assurance should be carried out by an independent software quality assurance team who reports directly to management above the project manager level．The quality assurance team should not be associated with any particular development group but should be responsible for quality assurance across all project groups in an organization．The activity of quality assurance involves sitting in on design reviews[7]，program walkthroughs，etc. ，and reporting on the overall quality of the product as it is developed．It also involves checking that the finished product and its associated documentation conform to those standards which exist．The quality assurance team may also assess if the different representations of a product（requirements，design，code）are consistent and complete．Notice that quality assurance is not the same as system testing．It is the development or testing team’s responsibility to validate the system，with the quality assurance team reporting on both the validation and the adequacy of the validation effort．This naturally involves quality assurance being closely associated with the final integration testing of the system．Software quality assurance is now an emerging subdiscipline of software engineering[8]．As Buckly and Poston point out，effective software quality assurance is likely to lead to an ultimate reduction in software costs．However，the major hurdle in the path of software management in this area is the lack of usable software standards．The development of accepted and generally applicable standards should be one of the principal goals of research in software engineering．（三）SOFTWARE TESTING1. Purpose of TestingNo matter how capably we write programs，it is clear front the variety of possible errors that we should check to insure that our modules are coded correctly．Many programmers view testing as a demonstration that their programs perform properly．However，the idea of demonstrating correctness is really the reverse of what testing is all about．We test a program in order to demonstrate he existence of an error．Because our goal is to discover errors，we can consider a test successful only when an error is discovered．Once an error is found，“debugging”or error correctio n is the process of determining what causes the error and of making changes to the system so that the error no longer exists．2．Stages of TestingIn the development of a large system，testing involves several stages．First，each program module is tested as a single program，usually isolated from the other programs in the system．Such testing，known as module testing or unit-testing，verifies that the module functions properly with the types of input expected from studying themodule design．Unit testing is done in a controlled environment whenever possible so that the test team can feed a predetermined set of data to the module being tested and observe what output data are produced[1]．In addition，the test team checks the internal data structures，the logic，and the boundary conditions for the input and output data．When collections of modules have been unit-tested，the next step is to insure that the interfaces among the modules are defined and handled properly．Integration testing is the process of verifying that the components of a system work together as described in the program design and system design specifications．When collections of modules have been unit-tested，the next step is to insure that the interfaces among the modules are defined and handled properly．Integration testing is the process of verifying that the components of a system work together as described in the program design and system design specifications．Once we are sure that information is passed among modules according to the design prescriptions，we test the system to assure that it has the desired functionality．A function test evaluates the system to determine if the functions described by the requirements specification are actually performed by the integrated system [2]．The result，then，is a functioning system．Recall that the requirements were specified in two ways：first in the customer’s terminology and again as a set of software and hardware requirements．The function test compares the system being built with the functions described in the software and hardware requirements．Then，a performance test compares the system with the remainder of the software and hardware requirements．If the test is performed in the customer’s actual working environment，a successful test yields a validated system．However，if the test must be performed in a simulated environment，the resulting system is a verified system．When the performance test is complete，we as developers are certain that the system functions according to our understanding of the system description．The next step is to confer with the customer to make certain that the system works according to the customer’s expectations．We join with the customer to perform an acceptance test in which the system is checked against the customer’ s requi rements description．When the acceptance test is complete，the accepted system is installed in the environment in which it will be used；a final I nstallation test is performed to make sure that the system still functions as it should．Fig. 8-2 illustrates the several stages of testing．Although systems may differ in size，the type of testing described in each stage is necessary for assuring the proper performance of any system being developed．译文：（一） asp技术1. 本文首先介绍了课题研究所用的技术:浏览器/服务器结构以及Web应用的相关数据库访问技术。

计算机外文翻译--ASP技术在电子商务中的运用

外文文献阅读与翻译英文原文ASP technology in the use of E-commerceBased on ASP technology in e-commerce application of the preliminary study, in connection with reality, given the ASP pages in the design of some of the key technologies and methods.Today, information technology and network technology is the rapid development and wide application of these technologies on business applications have a more profound impact, is also changing people's work and living, learning and modes of communication, e-commerce applications of Health, through the electronic Business for more useful information and necessary commodities are generally concerned about the issue, the paper on this preliminary study.1. ASP Technical OverviewASP full name of Active Server Pages (dynamic pages) is a Microsoft introduced to replace the CGI (Common Gateway Interface Common Gateway Interface) of the new technology. At present, Internet on many Windows-based platform for most of the Web site of ASP technology to develop. ASP is a server-side script in the operating environment, the adoption of the environment, users can create and run dynamic, interactive Web server applications, greatly facilitate the managers and viewers.Under normal circumstances, the user through the web browser that most of a static (static) the content of the Internet browser when the HTTP protocol to the site server requests for home contents, site server receipt of the request, after the original transmission Has been designed static HTML documents and data for the browser, users see the staff through the server for good content Home. A "static" site, Home To update the contents of the site must be in the server-side management to update its manual with the HTML document data, real-time worse.With the development of Web applications, the user would like to see on request and dynamically generated Home, for example, respond to the requirements of users query the database to generate statements. In such circumstances, when users fill in the browser on the data submitted in the form of content, to provide an HTTP request, the site received calledfor the implementation of server applications, the form of input data, the results will be implemented HTML format to send to the browser, users will be able to see real-time data and content.ASP use ActiveX technology based on open design environment, users can create their own definitions and components by adding them to their own dynamic pages with almost unlimited expansion of capacity. ASP and common dynamic in the Client-Home technologies such as Java applet, ActiveX Control, VBScript, javascript, and so different, ASP Script in orders and statements by the server to explain the implementation and outcome of the implementation of dynamically generated Web page Surface and sent to the browser, while the technology-Client Script is by the order to explain the implementation of the browser.ASP is due to explain the implementation of the server side, the developers can not consider the browser whether to support the ASP; because of its server-side implementation, developers do not have to worry about other people download programs for the theft of programming logic. ASP called by suffix. Asp to achieve the ASP document, a. Asp document equivalent to an executable file, it must be placed on Web servers are enforceable under the authority of the directory.When a user from the browser entered. Asp files after the address, the browser will request the URL to Web Server, if the Web Server tops the ASP, called on the ASP. ASP read out accordingly. Asp paper to explain and enforce an order to generate a dynamic HTML pages to return a Web Server, Web Server and then send the results to the browser.ASP and HTML document similar to the production and the development of integrated and HTML, in the same process can be completed, the ASP will be able to use the implementation of the scripts embedded in HTML documents (HTML files will be changed to the name suffix. Asp), which makes HTML documents The preparation and development of the script together. ASP through the built-in objects, the server component (Server Component) can be completed very complicated task, but users can also use their own or others to complete the development of the server component of specialized tasks.Comparing the gateway server and ASP expansion mode has the following advantages: (1) ASP VBScript used by the scripting language from the VB, easy to learn. (2) directly into the HTML scripting language, do not need to compile and can connect directly to explainoperation. (3) the use of ADODB components easy access to the database. (4) Object-oriented programming, which can be expanded ActiveX Server component functions, in theory, can achieve any function. (5) does not exist browser compatibility problems, ASP is in the process of server-side run. (6) can be hidden code, the protection of labor results.2．E-commerce data accessIn e-commerce systems, Web provides customers with an effective means of communication, the use of Web technology, and Web servers and database system connected to complete the processing of the data query, the user can operate easy to learn through the browser to query Address the needs of various data.ASP is a realization of Web server and database connectivity middleware technology, but on the Windows platform it is relatively gateway and server model has a larger expansion of the merits. Gateway is the most important feature of its platform-independent, but Gateway are normally difficult to prepare and change. Gateway process usually is an independent process, and not HTML document together, it needs such as C, C + +, VB, and other languages to write a standalone application, and ASP applications to change this. ASP can be used not only to read the Access and SQL Server database, but also can read other ODBC (Open Database Connect open Internet database)-compliant database. In ASP access the database through the ADO (ActiveX Database Object activity data object) and transaction processing to achieve the statement. ADO is a Microsoft operating supported by the database approach is a scalable and easy-to-use database access will be added to the Web page of the technology. ADO objects and the use of DAO (Data Access Object), RDO (long-distance data object) similar to the way. In ASP, ADO can be seen as a server component, more simple, is a series of targets, the application of these powerful objects, you can easily complete the complex operation of the database, to achieve the purpose of access to data.3. ASP in the application of e-commerceIn e-commerce, to users, on-line information for the purpose of the search for the needs of their products or services, and for goods or services provider, its objective is to sell their customers the products or services. Therefore, through the browser allows users to query the server back-end database is that many Web service providers must have services, ASP ADODB through built-in component to achieve this function. ADO can be used to preparecompact concise script to connect to ODBC-compliant database and OLEDB compliant data source. Specific steps can be summarized in the following steps:(1) create a database of sources (DSN) ADODB through ODBC work, to set up ODBC DSN (data sources). Open Windows "Control Panel", double-click "ODBC" the icon, then select "System DSN" attributes page, click <Add>, the choice of database-driven process, then click the "next step", according to the screen Type the instructions of the data source file name, then click the "next step", then click "Finish" create a data source.(2) Links to create a database maintained on some of the data are visiting the dynamic information and links to information. ADODB function of the members of the previous Open and set the DSN with the database connection, the syntax is as follows: SetConnect = Server.Cre-ateObject ( "ADODB.Connection") 'created a link object Connect. Connect.Open ( "DSN = dsnname; UID = userID; PWD = password") 'Open link. dsnname as a data source; userID for the user name; password for the user passwords.(3) create a data object in the ADO object data is usually kept by the query results. ADO RecordSet is the most complex objects, many of the properties and methods, flexibility in the use, can achieve many good results. Its creation as follows: Set RecordSet = Connect.Execute (sqtStr) 'to create and open the object RecordSet, sqtStr is a string, on behalf of a standard SQL statement. For example: sqlStr = "SELECT * FROM b1" Set RecordSet = Connect.Execute (sqlStr) after the implementation of this statement, in the RecordSet object on the preservation of the b1 of all records.(4) Execute operation database can be used to facilitate the implementation of the data insert, modify, delete and other operations. Insert the implementation of operations such as: sqlStr = "Insert Into b1Values (1,2)" Connect.Execute (sqlStr)(5) closing data objects and links in the use of the ADO object, the object must be closed and data links. In ASP by calling the close approach to achieve closure. Close to create the data objects: <% Redata.Close () Set Redata = Nothing%>ASP is using the database to the entire process, due to application of object-oriented thinking, all operations are relatively simple, users need only pay attention to the understanding of the data structure, the current target and operated by the object's properties, and so on, as long as these are A clear understanding, coupled with the power of ASP, the use of databases on the Internet, and users and the exchange of information between thepages, it is not what a difficult task.4. Concluding remarksInto the 21st century, with the Web-use and development of Intranet-based e-commerce systems will undoubtedly have a more traditional business prospects for greater application, how to improve e-commerce in this system of data access efficiency and handling capacity still matters Is the people's concerns. This paper is only in this area conducted a preliminary study, put forward some of their own point of view, is inspired to beginners.汉语翻译ASP技术在电子商务中的运用本文通过对ASP技术在电子商务中应用的初步探讨,结合实际,给出了ASP技术在网页设计时的一些关键技术和实现方法。

关于ASP的英文文献及其翻译

ASP OverviewIIS 6.0You can use Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP) to create dynamic and interactive Web pages. An ASP page is a Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) page that contains script commands that are processed by the Web server before being sent to the client's browser. This explains how the term "server-side script" originated.HTML Compared to ASPHTML is the simplest language for writing Web pages, but it allows you to create only static Web pages. When a Web client requests a static HTML file from a Web server, the Web server sends the HTML file directly to the client without any computation being done. The client's browser then processes the HTML code in the file and displays the content.The following illustration shows the transmission of a static file where the displayed date will never change.VBScript is the simplest language for writing ASP pages. All the code samples in the Creating ASP Pages section are written in VBScript except for samples that are duplicated in JScript for comparison. When a Web client requests an ASP file from a Web server, the Web server sends the ASP file through its ASP engine, where all the server-side script code is executed or converted into HTML code. The converted code is then sent to the Web client.The following illustration shows the transmission of dynamically generated content where the displayed date reflects the date at the time of the request.If you are an HTML author, you will find that server-side scripts written in ASP are an easy way to begin creating more complex, real-world Web applications. If you have ever wanted to store HTML form information in a database, personalize Web sites according to visitor preferences, or use different HTML features based on the browser, you will find that ASP provides a compelling solution. For example, previously, to process user input on the Web server you would have had to learn a language such as Perl or C to build a conventional Common Gateway Interface (CGI) application. With ASP, however, you can collect HTML form information and pass it to a database using simple server-side scripts embedded directly in your HTML documents. If you are already familiar with scripting languages such as VBScript or JScript (JScript is the Microsoft implementation of the ECMA 262 language specification), you will have little trouble learning ASP.ASP ProcessingAn ASP page is requested the same way that an HTML page is requested. A request can optionally contain a querystring after a question mark (?), using the following syntax:Copyhttp://Server_name/MyASPFile.asp?var1=12&var2=BrownWhen the server receives a request for an ASP file, it processes server-side script code contained in the file to build the HTML Web page that is sent to the browser. In addition to server-side script code, ASP files can contain HTML (including related client-side scripts) as well as calls to COM components that perform a variety of tasks, such as connecting to a database or processing business logic.IIS processes an ASP file in the following order when a request is received from a client:1.If an ISAPI filter is installed on the Web site, the ISAPI filters is processed first. This is truefor all applications.2.If the ASP application contains a Global.asa file in the root directory, the Global.asa isprocessed. Global.asa files specify event scripts and declare objects that have session orapplication scope. They donot display content; instead they stores event information andobjects used globally by the ASP application.3.In the requested ASP file, IIS separates the script blocks from the static HTML code blocks,reserving the static code in the response body.4.IIS processes the script blocks. The script blocks might include transaction processing,database access calls, or calls to COM components in which case COM+ handles some ofthe processing.5.After the ASP page script blocks are processed, their output is injected into the responsebody with the static HTML code.6.The response is sent to the client.Caution:ASP and COM ComponentsWith ASP, you can combine HTML pages, script commands, and COM components to create interactive Web pages or powerful Web-based applications, which are easy to develop and modify.COM components dramatically extend the power of ASP. COM components are pieces of compiled code that can be called from ASP pages. COM components are secure, compact, and reusable objects that are compiled as DLLs. They can be written in Visual C++, Visual Basic, or other languages that support COM.翻译你可以使用微软动态服务器页面(ASP)创建动态的、交互的网页。

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ASP外文翻译+原文ENGLISHE：Develop Web application program using ASP the architecture that must first establish Web application. Now in application frequently with to have two: The architecture of C/S and the architecture of B/S.Client/server and customer end / server hold the architecture of C/S.The customer / server structure of two floor.Customer / server ( Client/Server ) model is a kind of good software architecture, it is the one of best application pattern of network. From technology, see that it is a logic concept, denote will a application many tasks of decomposing difference carry out , common completion is entire to apply the function of task. On each network main computer of web site, resource ( hardware, software and data ) divide into step, is not balanced, under customer / server structure, without the client computer of resource through sending request to the server that has resource , get resource request, so meet the resource distribution in network not balancedness. With this kind of structure, can synthesize various computers to cooperate with work, let it each can, realize the scale for the system of computer optimization ( Rightsizing ) with scale reduce to melt ( Downsizing ). Picture is as follows:It is most of to divide into computer network application into two, in which the resource and function that part supports many users to share , it is realized by server; Another part faces every user , is realized by client computer, also namely, client computer is usual to carry out proscenium function , realizes man-machine interaction through user interface , or is the application program of specific conducted user. And server usually carries out the function of backstage supporter , manages the outside request concerning seting up, accepting and replying user that shared. For a computer, it can have double function , is being certain and momentary to carve to act as server , and again becomes client computer in another time.Customer / server type computer divide into two kinds, one side who offers service is called as server , asks one side of service to be called as customer. To be able to offer service, server one side must have certain hardware and corresponding server software; Also, customer one side mustalso have certain hardware and corresponding customer software.There must be a agreement between server and customer, both sides communicate according to this agreement.Apply customer / server model in Internet service , the relation between customer and server is not immutable. Some Internet node offers service on the one hand , also gets service on the other hand from other node; It is even in one time dialogue course, mutual role also exchanges probably. As in carry out file transmission , if be called as one side who offers file server, is called as one side who gets file customer, when using get or mget order since another node takes file, can think that what self use and it is client computer , is using put or mput order to another node dispatch file can again think the machine that used self is server.Multilayer customer / server structureAlong with the development of enterprise application, recently, have again arisen a kind of new multilayer architecture, it applies customer end to divide into two minutes: Customer application and server apply. Customer application is the part of original customer application , is another and partial to have been transfered to server to apply. New customer application takes the responsibility for user interface and simple regular business logic and new server application resident core , changeable business logic. Therefore its structure has become new ( Client application + Server application )/Server structure. Following picture shows:This kind of structure has solved traditional Client/Server can expand problem, have reduced customer end business logic , and have reduced the requirement of customer end for hardware. At the same time because of a lot of business logic concentrations have gone to unitary application server on, the maintenance work of application system had been also concentrated together, have eliminated the problem in the traditional structure of Client/Server that software distributes. This kind of structure is called as the architecture of B/S.Browser/Server and browser / server hold the architecture of B/S. Onessence, Browser/Server is also a kind of structure of Client/Server, it is a kind of from the traditional two levels of structural development of Client/Server come to the three-layer structural special case of Client/Server that applied on Web.In the system of Browser/Server, user can pass through browser to a lot of servers that spread on network to send request. The structure of Browser/Server is maximum to have simplified the work of client computer, on client computer, need to install and deploy few customer end software only , server will bear more work, for database visit and apply program carry out will in server finish.Under the three-layer architecture of Browser/Server, express layer ( Presentatioon ) , function layer ( Business Logic ) , data layer ( Data Service ) have been cut the unit of 3 relative independences: It is the first layer of to express layer: Web browser.In expressing layer contain system show logic, locate in customer end. It's task is to suggest by Web browser to the certain a Web server on network that service is asked , after verifying for user identity, Web server delivers needed homepage with HTTP agreement to customer end, client computer accept the homepage file that passed , and show it in Web browser on.Second layer function layer: Have the Web server of the application function of program extension.In function layer contain the systematic handling of general affairs logic, locate in Web server end. It's task is the request concerning accepting user , need to be first conducted and corresponding to expand application program and database to carry out connection , passes through the waies such as SQL to database server to put forward data handling to apply for, then etc. database server the result of handling data submit to Web server, deliver again by Web server to return customer end.The number of plies of 3th according to layer: Database server.In data layer contain systematic data handling logic, locate in database server end. It's task is to accept the request that Web server controls for database, realization is inquired and modified for database , update etc. function, submit operation result to Web server.Careful analysis is been easy to see , the architecture of Browser/Server of three-layer is the handling of general affairs of the two levels of structure of Client/Server logic modular from the task of client computer in split , from the first floor of individual composition bear the pressure of its task and such client computer have alleviated greatly, distribute load balancedly and have given Web server, so from the structural change of Client/server of original two floor the structure of Browser/Server of three-layer. This kind of three-layer architecture following picture shows.This kind of structure not only client computer from heavy burden andthe requirement of performance that rises continuously for it in liberation come out , also defend technology people from heavy maintenance upgrading work in free oneself. Since client computer handles general affairs , logic partial minutes have given function server, make client computer right off " slender " a lot of, do not take the responsibility for handling complex calculation and data again visit etc. crucial general affairs, is responsible to show part, so, maintenance people do not rush about again for the maintenance work of program between every client computer, and put major energy in the program on function server update work. Between this kind of three-layer structural layer and layer, the mutually independent change of any first floor does not affect the function of other layer. It has changed the defect of the two levels of architecture of Client/Server of tradition from foundation, it is the transform with deep once in application systematic architecture.The contrast of two architecturesThe architecture of Browser/Server and the architecture ofClient/Server compare with all advantages that not only have the architecture of Client/Server and also have the architecture ofClinet/Server the unique advantage that place does not have: Open standard: The standard adopted by Client/Server only in department unification for but, it's application is often for special purpose.It is lower to develop and defend cost: It need to be implemented on all client computers that the application of Client/Server must develop the customer end software for special purpose, no matter installation and disposition escalate still, have wasted manpower and material resources maximumly. The application of Browser/Server need in customer end have general browser , defend and escalate to work in server end go on , need not carry out any change as customer holds , have reduced the cost of development and maintenance so greatly.It is simple to use , interface friendly: The interface of the user of Client/Server is decided by customer end software, interface and the method of its use are not identical each, per popularize a system of Client/Server ask user study from the beginning, is hard to use. The interface of the user of Browser/Server is unified on browser, browser is easy to use , interface friendly, must not study use again other software, the use of a Lao Yong Yi that has solved user problem.Customer end detumescence: The customer end of Client/Server has the function that shows and handles data , as the requirement of customer end is a client computer " it is fat " very high. The customer of Browser/Server holds the access that not takes the responsibility for database again and the etc. task of complex data calculation, need it only show , the powerful role that has played server fully is so large to have reduced the requirement for customer end, customer end become very " thin ".。