科技文体在语篇上的特征和体现(中英)

What is
Leabharlann Baidu
Textual Organization 篇章架构
Difference
in Textual Organization
Difference
in Textual Organization
A）English texts normally set a central idea first, illustrate it and then sum it up to a conclusion. While Chinese texts, without a central idea, often lead a natural logic course and let the conclusion emerge spontaneously. B）The classic logic course of English texts is to reveal an idea, provide some facts and reasons and then come to a conclusion. Whereas the logic structure of Chinese tests is a Natural logic structure.
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Our bodies are quite capable of dealing with harmful bacteria, as long as there are not too many of them. • 译文： • 只要有害细菌数量并不太大，我们的身体 完全能够抵挡得住。（《英语科技文体： 范式与翻译》方梦之）
The Difference and Similarity
in Textual Organization
When we translate EST into Chinese, it is quite important to find out the differences in textual structure between SL and TL. Meanwhile, there are many similarities in textual organization of both English and Chinese. Thus it is crucial to reproduce the author’s thinking pattern and information by keeping the similar textual organization as the original versions.
Description 描写型
Command 指令型
Textual Organization 篇章架构
The Logical Sequence 逻辑顺序
Comparison and Contrast 比较与对比 Analogy 类推 Illustration 例证 Diagram 图解
Natural Sequence自然顺序
The Sequence of Time 年代时间顺序 Temporal Sequence 时间顺序
Textual Organization 篇章架构
Natural Sequence 自然顺序 The Sequence of Process 过程时间顺序 Spatial Sequence 空间顺序
Description 描写型
Difference
in Textual Organization
C）As opposed to Chinese, which list a chain of reasons or facts first, the logic centre of English is right up front in the text.
What is
Textual Organization 篇章架构
As far as we know, the EST can be basically composed by 3 parts: the purpose and conclusion of the whole passage various methods to illustrate all these points the logical relationship that can put all the information mentioned above together. The frame or sequence should be consistent, they are the bone structure of the whole passage. We can call them Textual Organization.
Coherence and Cohesion
文本的逻辑连贯、衔接及其翻译
Coherence Cohesion
Introduction
• Information in the scientific texts can be structured in a particular way so as to suit an intended purpose. These exists little difference between Chinese and English in this regard. • The Institute of linguists in the test for Certificate of translation, suggests that the standard requires cohesion， coherence，and organization. • 英国语言学会（Institute of linguists）在翻译证书考试中提 出的翻译标准提到“连贯一致，组织合理”，即cohesion， coherence，and organization，“衔接、连贯和篇章架构”。
Similarity
in Textual Organization
Natural Sequence 自然顺序
Temporal sequence 时间顺序 Spatial Sequence 空间顺序
The Sequence of time 年代时间顺序 The Sequence of Process 过程时间顺序 Cause and Effect 因果排序 Primary and Secondary 主次排序
Specific Date: e.g. in August and September 1977 在1977年8月和9月
1.2 The sequence of process过程时间顺序
1.2.1.description 描写型
In their analysis, the scientists compiled maps on where 132 mammals, 117 birds, and 249 amphibians live in the country, fine-tuning them using elevation data and remote sensing mapping that revealed where forests haven’t been logged. Next, the researchers isolated areas where the number of species in each group was highest—the hot spots—and compared how well those areas overlapped with where pandas occur. In an additional step, they also overlaid maps of China’s system of giant panda national natural reserves to see how well the areas cover these other species, which include the golden snub-nosed monkey, the Tibetan macaque, and the taking (an animal sometimes referred to as a goat-antelope), among others. (source：Save a panda, save the forest? by Emily DeMarco 16 September 2015 12:15pm） 在他们的分析报告中，科学家们收集了中国132种哺乳动物、117种鸟类、249种 两栖动物的居住环境地图，然后利用海拔数据和遥感制图对地图进行了微调，标 出了那些森林还没有被砍伐的区域。接下来，研究人员挑出了以上三种物种各自 存在数目最多的热点地区，并比较了这些区域同大熊猫出现的地区的重叠程度。 更进一步，他们还将中国大熊猫国家级自然保护区的地图与之重叠比较，以了解 这些地区对以上其它物种的覆盖程度，其中包括川金丝猴、藏猕猴，以及羚牛(这 种动物有时也被称为藏羚羊)等等。 (source: Science:拯救熊猫就是拯救森林? )
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The decision by the China Quality Control Association to compile and print this album was made out of the following considerations: The need to give wide publicity to the exploits if the awardees; The desirability to enhance the reputation of the prize-winning enterprises and the fame of their products and services; and The necessity to acquaint the executives and employees of carious enterprises in different regions and sections with the specific situations of distinguished quality management in advanced enterprises. All these were expected to boost the drive for creating a still greater number of advanced units through emulation and realization of common progress among them. • 译文： • 为了更广泛地对获奖单位的事迹进行宣传，扩大企业及其产品、服务 的知名度和影响，是全国各地区、各部门企业管理干部和广大职工了 解我国质量管理先进企业的情况，互相学习，共同提高，把国家质量 管理工作推向一个新的阶段，中国质量管理协会决定编印这本画册。 （《英语科技文体：范式与翻译》方梦之）
Command 指令型
1. Temporal sequence 时间顺序
1.1 The Sequence of time 年代时间顺序 The Food and Drug Administration approved human clinical trials for such a procedure just last month. Over the last decade, neuroscientists have used the protein to make neurons react to light to help them study the brain, a technique known as optogenetics. Now, the Ann Arbor, Michigan–based company, RetroSense Therapeutics, has recruited 15 patients rendered blind by a genetic eye disease for its clinical trial to find out whether channelrhodopsin-2 will work in eye cells, too. If it does, the quality of vision the patients will have remains unknown, but mice that have had a similar treatment appear to see bars of light, which scientists say is promising. (source: Green algae could hold a cure for blindness by SARAH ZHANG SCIENCE 09.10.15 7:00 AM ) 美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)今年8月批准将该疗法应用于临床治疗。过去十 年来，神经科学家曾利用蛋白质使神经元对光产生感应，从而帮助了解大脑， 这种技术叫作光基因技术。现在，密歇根州一家公司Ann Arbor打算重塑视觉疗 法，该公司招募了15名由于遗传性眼疾导致失明的患者进行临床试验，旨在了 解紫红质通道蛋白-2是否同样适用于眼细胞。如果确实见效——尽管当前患者 的视觉恢复效果尚不知晓，但是大鼠在接受同样治疗后已经可以辨别光源，科 学家认为这一疗法前途光明。 （source：Science: 绿藻或可治疗失明）
Stylistic Features of EST at Textual Level
By:
Contents
Introduction
简介
The Difference and Similarity in Textual Organization
篇章架构的差异和相似性及其翻译
The Difference in Textual Organization The Similarity in Textual Organization