轻型木结构防火

管道的防火护套 Fire proofing duct shafts
灯具开孔的防火处理 Fire proofing light fixture openings
墙体防火隔断连续布置的空间 Space for drywall fire separation continuity
www.cmhc.ca
否No
* 可以使用不燃材料 Non-combustible construction is also permitted. j 重木结构构件耐火极限要按1小时设计 Heavy timber members need to be designed to provide 1 h. fire-resistance rating. k 单层的住宅单元没有耐火极限的要求 No rating is required for unstacked dwelling units.
喷淋系统 Sprinklered 是Yes
结构 Construction 轻型木结构或重 型木结构 Wood-frame or heavy timber *j 轻型木结构或重 型木结构 Wood-frame or heavy timber *j
构造 Assembly 楼盖 Floors 夹层 Mezzanines 内部楼盖 Internal Floors 楼盖 Floors 夹层 Mezzanines 屋盖 Roofs 内部楼盖 Internal Floors
小型建筑物的规范 Code for small buildings
加拿大国家建筑规范第9章 Part 9 of the National Building Code
• 建筑面积小于600 m2 Building area under 600 m2 • 较大的建筑要用防火墙隔开，每个区域的面积小于600 m2 Larger building divided by fire walls into building areas of less than 600 m2 • 小于3层 Less than 3 storeys in height • 适用于住宅，商业和轻工业 Used for housing, commercial, and light industrial
防火-单元之间 Controlling Fire – Between dwellings
• 防火墙 Fire resistant walls • 防火楼盖 Fire resistant floors • 建筑区域采用防火墙分隔 Building compartmentalization with firewalls • 空腔内的防火挡块 Fire stopping of cavities • 管道内的阻火装置 Fire dampers in ducts • 限制距离 Limiting distances
防火-火势的发展 Controlling Fire - Growth
• 控制易燃的表面和装修 Limiting flammability of surfaces and finishes • 自动喷淋系统 Automatic sprinkler systems • 保护可燃的结构 Protected combustible construction • 不燃的结构 Non combustible construction
多层住宅建筑木结构防火 Fire Control in Wood-Frame Multi Family Buildings
Canada Wood Shanghai Herbert Otto B. Arch., MRAIC
木结构施工指南在隔声 和防火设计方面提供了 很多的信息 This Best Practice guide provides essential information on both sound and fire control
有喷淋系统-和建筑面积、高度相关的要求
Ratings as they relate to building area & height - Sprinklered
耐火极限 Fire-resistance rating 楼层 Storeys 最小建筑面积 Maximum building area (m2)
家用报警装置 Alerting Home Occupants
所有的住宅都要安装烟感装置 Smoke detectors are required in all houses
建议安装一氧化碳监测装置
CO detectors are recommended.
加拿大规范中生命安全是最根本的原则 Life safety is a fundamental priority in Canadian codes 安全是指按照 规范要求的逃 生方式 Safe means of escape from housing are required in Codes.
不同的防火分区 Various types of Fire Compartments
单元内的划分 Unit compartmentalization
防火挡块 Fire stopping
建筑尺寸 Building Size 建到4层，面积有 限制 Up to 4 storeys, area limits 建到3层，允许面 积稍大 Up to 3 storeys, greater area limits
非承重隔墙的细节 （两个单元之间） Detail of non load bearing party wall (between two units)
双拼墙骨柱隔墙在 走廊处的细节
Detail of double stud party wall meeting a corridor
天花板防火挡块和隔 声构造的细节 Detail of fire stopping at a bulkhead at the ceiling at fire and sound separations.
耐火极限 Fire-resistance 1h 1h 1hk 1h 1h 1h 1hk ¾h ¾h ¾hk ¾h ¾h ¾hk
防火分隔 Fire Separation 是Yes 否No 否No 是Yes 否No 否No 否No 是Yes 否No 否No 是Yes 否No 否No
否No
建到3层，面积有 限制 Up to 3 storeys, area limits 建到3层，面积有 限制 Up to 3 storeys, area limits
火灾统计 Fire Statistics
• 在北美，木结构房屋的火灾伤亡记录和不燃材 料房屋建筑的火灾伤亡记录是相当的。 In North America, the fire casualty records of wood-frame houses is similar to that of non combustible apartment buildings • 大部分的伤亡和破坏是由家具等物品引起的 Most casualties and fire damages are caused by dwelling contents
7,200 1h
1h 1h 0.75 h 0.75 h 0.75 h
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
2
3 4 1 2 3
3.600
2,400 1,800 5,400 2,700 1,800
防火
Controlling fire
墙体细节
Wall details
墙体细节 Wall details
墙体细节 Wall details
加拿大住宅不同的设计： Canadian housing accommodates a variety of designs:
商业和公寓额混合结构 Mixed use commercial & apartment
防火 Controlling Fire
加拿大规范明确的规定了安全等级 Canadian Codes have clearly defined occupant safety criteria • 所有的住宅都要安装烟感装置 Smoke detectors are required in all houses • 建议安装一氧化碳监测装置 CO detectors are recommended. • 距离逃生通道的距离不能超过规定的要求 Travel distances to exits must not be exceeded • 上层要求设置额外的避难平台和出口 Additional areas of refuge and egress required from upper storeys • 隔离并控制烟气 Smoke separations and control
(Bulkheads used for services)
典型的木结构多层住宅建筑 Typical Wood Multi Family Building
使用前就要设置的防火装置 Fire proofing before services
保护喷淋系统免受冰冻 Protecting Sprinklers from frost
无喷淋系统-和建筑面积、高度和街道朝向相关的要求
Ratings as they relate to building area, height and street exposure - unsprinklered
耐火极限 Fire-resistance rating 1h 1h 1h 0.75 h 0.75 h 0.75 h 楼层 Storeys 最小建筑面积 Maximum building area (m2) 面向一条街 Facing 1 Street 1 2 3 1 2 3 2,400 1,200 800 1,800 900 600 面向两条街 Facing 2 Streets 3,000 1,500 1,000 2,250 1,125 750 面向三条街 Facing 3 Streets 3,600 1,800 1,200 2,700 1,350 900
是Yes
轻型木结构或重 型木结构 Wood-frame or heavy timber *j 轻型木结构或重 型木结构 Wood-frame or heavy timber *j
楼盖 Floors 夹层 Mezzanines 内部楼盖 Internal Floors 楼盖 Floors 夹层 Mezzanines 内部楼盖 Internal Floors
防火-火源 Controlling Fire - Ignition
• 到热源的距离 Clearance from heat sources • 电气安装标准 Electrical installation standards • 机械安装标准 Mechanical installation standards • 保护易燃材料 • Protection of flammable construction materials