2015 第一讲 词汇-名词(学生版)

第一讲词汇

陈永烨

1. Mr. Smith is too busy to spare any time, ____ Sunday afternoon.（2002）

A. only in

B. except for

C. unless on

D. except on

2.____ a young woman, the office was empty.(2004)

A. But for

B. Except for

C. Besides

D. Except

3. His son is quite well now, ____ a slight fever. (2005)

A. except

B. besides

C. in addition to

D. except for

4. The classroom is quite clean ___ some waste paper on the floor. (2006)

A. except for

B. except

C. besides

D. without

5. The big room was almost empty ___ a table or two.

A. besides

B. except

C. in addition to

D. except for

6. It was almost dark in the street a few very powerful spotlights. (2008)

A. excluding

B. except for

C. except

D. but for

7. _____ gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems. (专业2006)

A. Not only

B. Unless

C. Except

D. Besides

8.___ the advance of sciences, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.(2007)

A. As for

B. Despite

C. Besides

D. Except

一、名词的单复数、所有格

1．大多数名词的复数形式，是在名词后加上-s或-es，特殊情况如下：

child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, penny-pence

goose-geese, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, ox-oxen, phenomenon-phenomena, synthesis-syntheses（综合；合成）, thesis-theses

2．有些名词只有单数形式，例如：

advice, bread, food, fruit, furniture, homework, luggage, information, damage, knowledge,population, traffic, equipment

3．有些名词单复数同形，例如：

Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, buffalo, shark,

4．有些名词常用复数形式，例如：

clothes, customs, arms, glasses, goods, scissors, shoes, trousers, stockings, papers, fishes

而news, means, whereabouts（行踪、下落）形式是复数，用作单数；

police, people, poultry, cattle形式是单数，却用作复数。

Every means has been tried to help you.

The police have been required to report to the headquater.

6.以-s结尾的学科、疾病名称看作是单数，例如：acoustics(声学), economics, electronics, mathematics, physics, politics, statistics, measles

7.专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一家人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如：

--- Who did you spend last weekend with?

--- _____.

A Palmer’s

B The Palmers’

C The Palmers

D The Palmer’s

Many people agree that ____of English is a must in international trade today.

A. a knowledge

B. knowledges

C. knowledge

D. the knowledge

8. 有些抽象名词和物质名词也可转化为可数名词，用来表示某种特定的意义。a knowledge of …表示“对……有所了”。

This meeting is a great success.

two coffees/teas/ a few white hairs/ tears/ a newspaper

9. 表示时间：

两小时的耽搁

two hours’delay/a two-hour delay

我们有十分钟的休息时间。

We have ten minutes’ break./ We have a ten－minute break．

表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词

加“’s”Lucy and Lily’s room 露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）

请区别: Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms

二、容易混淆名词总汇

1. affair事务；绯闻incident偶发的事件accident事故event事变；事件

2. altitude高度；海拔attitude态度；姿态

3.analysis分析comment评论

4.border边界margin页边空白

5. base根基；基地basis根据；基础

6. custom习俗customs海关

7. contest 比赛；竞争context（文章）上下文

8. conversation谈话；对话conservation保存；保护