none_的用法详解

none_的用法详解
none_的用法详解

n o n e_的用法详解Prepared on 21 November 2021

n o n e的用法详解1.none与noone/nobody 及nothing

noone/nobody常用来指人,作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式;nothing常用来指物,作主语时谓语动词也要用单数形式;

none可指人也可指物,作主语时,如和of连用指不可数名词时,谓语动词要用单数形式;指可数名词时,谓语动词用单、复数均可。如:Noone likes apersonwit hbadmanners.

Nothing is difficultin theworldifyouputyour heartintoit. Noneofthem has/have se enmebefore. Noneofthismoney belon gs tome.

注意:

1)none可与of连用表示范围,而

noone/nobody及nothing不可。

2)none可用来回答Howmany/much…

的特殊疑问句;

而noone/nobody及nothing则分别用来回答Who…

和What…

的特殊疑问句。如:

—Howmanybirdsarethere inthetree?

—None.—Whatisinthebox?

—Nothing.

—Whoisintheclassroom ?

—Noone/Nobody.

3)none可用来回答“any+名词”构成的一般疑问句:而nobody和nothing则分别用来回答由anybody和

anything构成的一般疑问句。如:

—Isthereanybreadleft ?

—No,noneatall.

—Isthereanythinginthe sky?

—No,nothing.

4)none可用来指代前面提到过的人或物;如无指代时可用

noone/nobody及nothing.如:Wehadthreecatsonce—noneofthemisalivenow.

2.none与

notall/all…not notall/all…not表示三者或三者以上的部分否定;而none表示三者或三者以上的全部否定。如:Notalladsaregood.并非所有的广告都好。

3.nonebut,nobodybut 及nothingbut nobodybut表示单一概念,谓语动词用单数形式;nonebut可指人也可指物,通常指前面提到的同一事物,谓语动词要用复数形式;nothingbut泛指but后

事物以外的任何事物。如:Nobodybutheisoftenla teforschool.除他以外,没有人上学常迟到。Nonebutfoolshaveeven believedit.除了傻瓜,没有人相信这一点。

Thereisavarietyoffru it,buthechosenothingbut anapple.

这儿有很多水果,但他只选了一个苹果。

4.其他用法

1)none可指物质名词或抽象概念,构成短语havenoneof,意为“不

允许;不接受;拒绝参加”,常和will/would 连用,表示意愿。如:Iwillhavenoneofyours tupidideas!

2)noneotherthan意为“就是;恰恰是”。如:

Thenewarrivalwasnone otherthanthePresiden t.

高考虚拟语气用法详解()

高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样,语气也是谓语动词的一种形式,它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。(有的语法书说语气有四种,即还包括疑问语气)。 eg:①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。(陈述语气) ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有?(疑问语气) ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。(祈使语 气) 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中,由于说话人的意图不同,动词需用不同的形式,称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况,一种愿望,怀疑,推测,请求等,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句,名词性从句,定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句(遵循主将从现原则) A.由If引导的两种条件句: 非真实条件句(虚拟语气) 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法: 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg:①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话,我会重新考虑他们的意见。(与现在事实相反) ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服,你就不会得感冒了。(与过去事实相反)

独立主格结构

独立主格结构 概念:由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与主句不发生句法上的联系。 构成:逻辑主语+逻辑谓语 特点:1. 用逗号与主句分开; 2. 逻辑主语与主句主语不同,单独存在。 位置:句前、句末或句中,位置相当灵活。 注意:独立主格结构与句子之间不能使用任何连接词 句法功能: 1.作时间状语All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open. = After/ when all the officials had arrived, the meeting was declared open. 2.作条件状语All the work done, you can have a rest. = All the work is done, and you can have a rest. 3.作原因状语The boy leading, we had no trouble finding the strange cave 4.作伴随状语或补充说明I took my ticket, and marched proudly up the platform, with my cheeses, the people filling back respectfully on either side. (Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K. Jerome) 5.作定语,其功能相对于一个定语从句Close to the bank I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky. 基本结构: 1. 名词(代词)+现在分词 e.g.: There being no bus, we had to walk home. (由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走路回家。) 2. 名词(代词)+过去分词 e.g.: City born and city bred, I have always regards the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasional visit during the week. 3. 名词(代词)+不定式 e.g.: Many trees, flowers, and glass to be planted, out newly-built school will look even more beautiful. (种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美。) 4. 名词(代词)+形容词 e.g.: The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse. (特洛伊人睡着了,于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里面悄悄爬了出来。) 5. 名词(代词)+副词 e.g.: The lights off, we could not go on with the work. (灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。) 6. 名词(代词)+名词 e.g.: His first shot failure, he fired again. (他第一枪没击中,又打了一枪。)

独立主格with用法小全

独立主格篇 独立主格,首先它是一个“格”,而不是一个“句子”。在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构,而在这个结构中,没有真正的主语和谓语动词,但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。除名词/代词+名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词及介词短语外,另有with或without短语可做独立主格,其中with可省略而without不可以。*注:独立主格结构一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。 一、独立主格结构: 1. 名词/代词+形容词 He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. Close to the bank I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky. 靠近岸时,我看见几汪深池塘,池水碧似蓝天。 2. 名词/代词+现在分词 Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.

The question having been settled, we wound up the meeting. 也可以The question settled, we wound up the meeting. 但含义稍有差异。前者强调了动作的先后。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活。 3. 名词/代词+过去分词 The job finished, we went home. More time given, we should have done the job much better. *当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,不及物动词用现在分词,及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hands clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 他躺在那儿,牙关紧闭,双拳紧握,两眼直视上方。 4. 名词/代词+不定式 We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor.

no one, nobody 与 none 的用法区别

no one, nobody 与 none 的用法区别 英语学习英语语法学习英语词汇学习https://www.360docs.net/doc/9313991615.html,/list-1.html 1. no one=nobody,两者均只能指人,不能指物;用作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。如: No one [Nobody] knows. 谁也不知道。 No one [Nobody] likes it. 没人喜欢它。 注:按传统语法,两者之后均不能接 of 短语,尽管在现代英语中,尤其是在非正式文体中,有时也可后接 of 短语,但学生还是以不用为宜。 2. none既可指人也可指物,其后通常接 of 短语;用作主语(较正式)也可用复数(用于非正式文体,但更符合惯用法)。如:时,若指不可数名词,谓语只能用单数,若指可数名词,则谓语可用单数 None of the food was left. 一点食物都没留下。 None of the books is [are] interesting. 没有一本书有趣。 3. none往往暗示有一定的范围(这种范围通常就表现在其后的 of 短语上),而no one 或 nobody则不暗示这种范围。体会下面的两组对话: A:Did any of your friends come to see you? 你的朋友当中有谁来看过你吗? B:None. 一个也没来。 A:Did anyone come to see you? 有人来看过你吗? B:No one [Nobody]. 谁也没来。 4. none 有时暗示一种数量,即指数量上“一个也没有”,而 no one 或 nobody 则往往表示一种全面否定,即指“谁都没有”,所以在回答 how many 或 how much 的提问时,通常用 none,而在回答 who 的提问时,通常用 no one 或nobody。体会: A:How many English books have you read? 你读过多少本英文书? B:None. 一本也没读。 A:How much money did you give her? 你给了她多少钱? B:None. 一分也没给。 A:Who went to see the film? 谁去看电影了? B:No one [Nobody]. 谁也没去。

虚拟语气用法详解

虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如: If he should go to Qing Hua Univer sity, he would make full use of his time. If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如: If he were free, he would help us.

If he studied at this school, he wo uld know you well. (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如:If I had seen the film, I would have tol d you about it. If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时,须注意的几个问题 (1) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区别对待。 从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. If they had informed us, we would not come here now. (2) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有wer e, should, had时,if可省略,而将were, s hould, had等词置于句首。如: Should he agree to go there, we wo uld send him there. Were she here, she would agree wit h us. Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. (3) 有时,句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件,而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如:

独立主格结构的用法

独立主格结构的用法 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式、名词等构成,在句中常作状语。 一、独立主格结构的特点 1、独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不同,它独立存在。 2、名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 3、独立主格结构一般是用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构的构成 1、名词或代词 + 现在分词 The children playing in the room, I couldn’t get down studying. 孩子们在屋里玩,我没法学习。 Mother being ill, I had to stay at home looking after her. 母亲病了,我只好待在家里照顾她。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。 2、名词或代词 + 过去分词 Five years later, he returned home, his character greatly changed. 五年后他返回家乡,性格大变了。 They walked along holding hands, their fingers interlocked. 他们手指交错,携手而行。 The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。 Everything considered, his plan seems better. 从各方面考虑,他的计划似乎好一些。 That done, he put on his sweater and went out. 做完这事他穿上毛衣出去了。 The question settled, they went back to their respective posts. 问题解决了,他们就各自回到了他们的工作岗位。 This done, we went home. 做完这事,我们就回家了。 3、名词或代词 + 不定式 在“名词/代词 + 动词不定式”这类独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式,如: We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我们分了工,他擦窗户,我扫地。 He is leaving for the conference next week, all expenses to be paid by his company. 下个星期他会去参加会议,所有费用归公司出。 Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 学校种上了许多树、花和草,我们新建的学校看起来越来越漂亮了。 4、名词或代词 + 形容词 He entered the room, his face pale. 他走进屋来脸色苍白。

5种基本句型和独立主格结构讲解

英语中的五种基本句型结构 一、句型1:Subject (主语) +Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如: 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3)Spring is coming. 4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2:Subject (主语) +Link. V(系动词) +Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类: (1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如: 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如: 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3:Subject(主语) +V erb (谓语) +Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例: 1) He took his bag and left.(名词)他拿着书包离开了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。 注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。 四、句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如: 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为: 1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5:Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如: 1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词) 2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

none_的用法详解

none 的用法详解 1. none 与no one / nobody 及nothing no one / nobody 常用来指人,作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式;nothing 常用来指物,作主语时谓语动词也要用单数形式;

none 可指人也可指物,作主语时,如和of 连用指不可数名词时,谓语动词要用单数形式;指可数名词时,谓语动词用单、复数均可。如:No one likes a person with bad manners.

Nothing is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. None of them has / have seen me before. None of this money belongs to me.

注意: 1 )none 可与of 连用表示范围,而no one / nobody 及nothing 不可。 2 )none 可用来回答How many / much…?的特殊疑问句; 而no one / nobody 及nothing 则分别用来回

答Who…?和What…?的特殊疑问句。如: — How many birds are there in the tree? — None. — What is in the box?— Nothing. —Who is in the classroom?

— No one / Nobody. 3 )none 可用来回答“ any + 名词”构成的一般疑问句:而nobody 和nothing 则分别用来回答由anybody 和anything 构成的一般疑问句。如: —Is there any bread left?

(完整版)独立主格结构用法全解

独立主格结构 独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词(代词)+现在分词(过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语) 1. 名词(代词)+现在分词 Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance. 黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。 2. 名词(代词)+过去分词 The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了。 He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。 3. 名词(代词)+不定式 在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。 The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。 Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美。 4. 名词(代词)+形容词 Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。 5. 名词(代词)+副词 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。 6. 名词(代词)+名词 His first shot failure,he fired again. 他第一枪没击中,又打了一枪。 Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童。 7. 名词(代词) +介词短语

none的用法

none的用法 1. no one与nobody同义,均只能指人,不能指物;用作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数,且其后一般接表范围的of短语。如: No one [Nobody] knows. 谁也不知道。 No one [Nobody] likes it. 没人喜欢它。 2. none 既可指人也可指物,其后通常接of 短语;用作主语时,若指不可数名词,谓语只能用单数,若指可数名词,则谓语可用单数(较正式)也可用复数(用于非正式文体,但更符合惯用法)。如: None of the food was left. 一点食物都没留下。 None of the books is [are] interesting. 没有一本书有趣。 3. none 往往暗示有一定的范围(这种范围通常就表现在其后的of 短语上),而no one 或nobody 则不暗示这种范围。体会下面的两组对话: A:Did any of your friends come to see you? 你的朋友当中有谁来看过你吗?

B:None. 一个也没来。 A:Did anyone come to see you? 有人来看过你吗? B:No one [Nobody]. 谁也没来。 4. none 有时暗示一种数量,即指数量上“一个也没有”,而no one 或nobody 则往往表示一种全面否定,即指“谁都没有”,所以在回答how many 或how much 的提问时,通常用none,而在回答who 的提问时,通常用no one 或nobody。体会: A:How many English books have you read? 你读过多少本英文书? B:None. 一本也没读。 A:How much money did you give her? 你给了她多少钱? B:None. 一分也没给。 A:Who went to see the film? 谁去看电影了?

独立主格用法详解

一、 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点: (1)结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 (2)名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、 英语中,的形式是:名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起,构成。 1.名词/ 代词+ 不定式。如: A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子,我们必须节省每一分钱。 Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了,魏方明天到。 2.名词/ 代词+ -ing分词。如: The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了,我们应该把一切事情准备好。 Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了,李蕾非常焦急。 3.名词/ 代词+ 动词的过去分词。如: His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了,他就用碗来代替。 4.名词/ 代词+ 形容词。如: The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥,我们应该小心。 5.名词/ 代词+ 副词。如: The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后,我们都出去玩。 6. Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜,他问他的眼镜哪去了。 三、 在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。 1.作时间状语 School over, the students went home. 放学后,学生们都回家了。 The ceremony ended, the games began. 仪式结束后,比赛开始了。 2.作条件状语 It being fine tomorrow, we’ll go boating. 如果明天天气好的话,我们就去划船。

none的用法

none 一个也没有, 毫无, 可以代表人,也可以代表物. none of + (人,物,可数,可数均可!),一般做主语成分. None of that money on the table is mine. 桌上没有一分钱是我的。 None of us enjoy getting up early. 我们中间没人喜欢早起。 nobody.谁也不, 无人, 任何人, 没有任何人. 只表示人,可单独做主语宾语成分. There is nobody here. 没有人在这里。 She likes nobody and nobody likes her. 她谁都不喜欢,也没有人喜欢她。 anyone (=anybody:口语)任何人,只表示人,可单独做主语宾语成分.作主语时跟单数动词. [用于否定句、疑问句、条件句]任何人, 无论谁[什么人] [用于肯定句]任何一个人 You may ask anybody here for help. 你可以请求这里的任何人帮忙。 Does anybody else want to go? 还有别人要去吗? everyone(=everybody)每个人,人人,只表示人,可单独做主语宾语成分. [作主语时跟单数动词]每人, 人人, 所有的人, 大家 【说明】everybody与everyone 同义, 但口语中常用everybody none和no one 的区别; none既可指人,也可指物,它只是指在一定范围内,代替上下文已出现过的名词. No one 一般用来指人,使用时不受一定范围的限制,后面一般不接引导的介词短语,如: "Have you bought any clothes" "None"."你买衣服了吗 ""一件没买". "What did you buy yesterday " "None""昨天你买什么了 ""没有买什么". no one ,none与nothing之别 1.no one (等于nobody) 1)不与of连用;2)谓语动词用单数;3)只能指人,但不具体指什么人;4)一般用来回答who,及含anyone,anybody引起的疑问句。如: 1)No one like a person with bad manners. 2)——Who is in the room? ——No one. 3)——Is there anyone in the room? ——No one. 2.none 1)可与of连用;2)谓语动词用单或复数;3)具体指什么人或物;4)一般用来

虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析

虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实,或难以实现的情况,甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外,如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren't,Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中,如without…, but for…,otherwise(要不是因为)等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。

独立主格结构英语句子结构

独立主格结构 独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)有两部分组成,前一部份是或者代词,后一部分是非(不定式、动名词和)或形容词、、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 详细概述 非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致,非谓语动词形式须另带主语,从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中,非谓语动词主动用V-ing,被动用V-ed。 非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语,逻辑主语的又是主格,故常称为“独立主格”。“独立结构”在句中起状语作用,相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。 功能 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如: 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。 表示条件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利,他或许能成功。 表示原因 There being no taxes, we had to walk. 没有出租车,我们只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 用法 独立主格结构主要表示发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 用作时间状语 The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后,我们就回家了。

独立主格用法归纳总结

独立主格结构介词使用的问题 在“名词或代词+介词短语”这类独立主格结构中,当其中的介词是in时,其前后的两个名词通常不加任何修饰语(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。如: A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了,手里拿着书。 The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。 但如果是其他介词,则不受此限制。如: We walked out, one behind the other. 我们一个接一个地走了出来。 He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着,眼睛望着她的背影。 The old woman sat down, traces of tears still on her cheeks. 老太太坐了下来,面颊上还带有泪痕 ===================================================================== 独立主格用作伴随状语 独立主格结构在句中一般作状语,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等,还可以作定语。下面给大家列举一些独立主格用作伴随状语的例子: She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast. 她凝视着,双手叉在胸前。 We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我们分了工,他擦窗户,我扫地。 A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle and so on. 许多官员尾随皇帝之后,有的拎着皇帝的衣袍,有的则给他整腰带,等等。 Their room was on the third floor, it’s window overlooking the sports ground. 他们的房间在三层楼上,窗户俯视着操场。 He guiding her, they stumbled through the street. 他引着她,两个人蹒跚地穿过那条街。 He, God willing, would be in the village before the second next month. 他,如果上帝允许,将于下月2日前来到这个村庄。 He died in 1892, his death being considered as a national calamity. 他死于1892年,他的逝世被认为是举国的不幸。 独立主格用作原因状语 独立主格结构在句中一般作状语,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等,还可以作定语。下面给大家列举一些独立主格用作原因状语的例子: All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄全部用完了,我们就开始找工作。 The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路,我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。 The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了,我们最好还是延期开会吧。 The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. 夜里河水上涨,渡河不可能了。 There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 没有别的事可讨论,我们都回家了。 独立主格用作条件状语

相关文档
最新文档