联合国教科文组织公共图书馆宣言 1994

联合国教科文组织公共图书馆宣言1994
Unesco Public Library Manifesto 1994
毛庆祯
辅仁大学图书信息学系
2001/10/06
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1991年, 国际国书馆联盟(International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, IFLA)于莫斯科召开年会, 要求公共图书馆常务委员会修订联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Unesco), 它的目标, 1994年十月29日PGI Council Meeting 批准由IFLA公共图书馆组提出的草案; 早先, 1949年该宣言首度问世, 1972年修订一次。

社会及个人的自由、繁荣及发展, 是基本人权之一。

被充份告知的公民, 行使他们的民主权利, 并在社会上扮演积极的角色, 才可能发挥前述的人权。

民主能够有建设性的参与及发展, 它的前题是满意的教育及无限制的自由接触所有知识、思想、文化及信息。

公共图书馆是地方的知识门户, 提供个人及社团终生学习、独立判断、文化发展的环境。

联合国教科文组织借着本宣言, 表示对公共图书馆的看法, 认定公共图书馆是一个教育、文化、及信息的单位, 也是孕育和平及心灵福祉的场所。

因此, 联合国教科文组织鼓励各国政府支持并参与公共图书馆的发展。

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公共图书馆
公共图书馆是地方的信息中心, 备有各种知识及信息供读者取用。

公共图书馆提供无私的服务, 不因年龄、种族、性别、信仰、国籍、语文及社会地位而有差异。

少数民族、身心障碍人士、住院病患、在监人士等, 有事实上的困难, 无法利用常态性的服务及数据时, 公共图书馆应针对他们的需求, 提供特别服务。

各种年龄层的人都应该可以找到所需的相关数据, 馆藏和服务在涵盖各种媒体及现代科技之时, 应兼顾传统的数据; 尤其要重视质量, 不能忽视地方的需求与特性。

数据的内容必须反应当前的潮流及社会变迁, 包括人类努力的记录及想象未来的雄心。

馆藏及服务不能以屈从任何意识型态、政治或宗教的检查, 当然也要抗拒商业行为的压力。

公共图书馆的任务
以下这些任务与信息、识字、教育及文化有关, 应该做为公共图书馆服务的核心:
从小强化儿童的阅读习惯。

支持各种层级的正规教育及自我进修。

提供个人开创发展的机会。

刺激儿童及青少年的想象力及创造力。

促进对文化遗产的重视、对艺术的欣赏、对科学成就及发明的尊重。

让表演艺术有演出的机会。

尝试各种文化, 欣赏其间的差异。

赞助口语传统。

确保居民能够接触各种小区信息。

对地方性的企业、协会及成长团体提供适当的信息服务。

助长信息及计算机技能的发展。

赞助及参与各种年龄层的扫除文盲活动, 必要时, 可以主动发起这类活动。

经费、立法及网络
原则上, 公共图书馆应提供免费的服务
公共图书馆是地方政府及中央政府的职责, 该等政府必须单独特别立法, 采用独立的预算科目, 它必须是文化、信息供给、识字及教育长期策略中的重要一环。

为了确保全国各地的图书馆彼此合作, 在立法及策略规划上, 必须在规定及推动有既定服务标准的全国图书馆网。

公共图书馆网络必须和国家、区域级、研究及专门图书馆配合, 也不能忽视学校、学院及大学图书馆。

营运及管理
必须有清晰的政策, 订定与小区需求相关的目标、重点及服务。

必须有效地组织公共图书馆, 并维持营运的专业标准。

必须确认与相关团体之间的合作关系, 包括各种层次的使用者团体及其它专业组织。

为了让小区的所有成员都能利用公共图书馆的服务, 因此, 馆舍位置、阅读及学习的设备、开放时间等, 都必须从使用者的角度考虑; 对那些无法到馆的使用者, 也应有同样的考虑。

公共图书馆的服务必须考虑城乡小区的差异。

图书馆员是使用者和资源之间的桥梁, 为了确保服务的质量, 图书馆员的专业教育及在职教育是不可或缺的。

应提供推广服务及读者教育, 协助使用者运用所有的资源。

实践宣言
因此, 联合国教科文组织呼吁世界各国, 各级政府及图书馆的决策者应将本宣言的原则付诸实现。

IFLA/UNESCO
Public Library Manifesto
1994
[English Version]
Freedom, prosperity and the development of society and of individuals are fundamental human values. They will only be attained through the ability of well-informed citizens to exercise their democratic rights and to play an active role in society. Constructive participation and the development of democracy depend on satisfactory education as well as on free and unlimited access to knowledge, thought, culture and information.
The public library, the local gateway to knowledge, provides a basic condition for lifelong learning, independent decision- making and cultural development of the individual and social groups.
This Manifesto proclaims UNESCO's belief in the public library as a living force for education, culture and information, and as an essential agent for the fostering of peace and spiritual welfare through the minds of men and women.
UNESCO therefore encourages national and local governments to support and actively engage in the development of public libraries.
The Public Library
The public library is the local centre of information, making all kinds of knowledge and information readily available to its users.
The services of the public library are provided on the basis of equality of access for all, regardless of age, race, sex, religion, nationality, language or social status. Specific services and materials must be provided for those users who cannot, for whatever reason, use the regular services and materials, for example linguistic minorities, people with disabilities or people in hospital or prison.
All age groups must find material relevant to their needs. Collections and services have to include all types of appropriate media and modern technologies as well as traditional materials. High quality and relevance to local needs and conditions are fundamental. Material must reflect current trends and the evolution of society, as well as the memory of human endeavour and imagination.
Collections and services should not be subject to any form of ideological, political or religious censorship, nor commercial pressures.
Missions of the Public Library
The following key missions which relate to information, literacy, education and culture should be at the core of public library services:
creating and strengthening reading habits in children from an early age;
supporting both individual and self conducted education as well as formal education at all levels; providing opportunities for personal creative development;
stimulating the imagination and creativity of children and young people;
promoting awareness of cultural heritage, appreciation of the arts, scientific achievements and innovations;
providing access to cultural expressions of all performing arts;
fostering inter-cultural dialogue and favouring cultural diversity;
supporting the oral tradition;
ensuring access for citizens to all sorts of community information;
providing adequate information services to local enterprises, associations and interest groups; facilitating the development of information and computer literacy skills;
supporting and participating in literacy activities and programmes for all age groups, and initiating such activities if necessary.
Funding, legislation and networks
The public library shall in principle be free of charge.
The public library shall in principle be free of charge. The public library is the responsibility of local and national authorities. It must be supported by specific legislation and financed by national and local governments. It has to be an essential component of any long-term strategy for culture, information provision, literacy and education.
To ensure nationwide library coordination and cooperation, legislation and strategic plans must also define and promote a national library network based on agreed standards of service.
The public library network must be designed in relation to national, regional, research and special libraries as well as libraries in schools, colleges and universities.
Operation and management
A clear policy must be formulated, defining objectives, priorities and services in relation to the local community needs. The public library has to be organized effectively and professional standards of operation must be maintained.
Cooperation with relevant partners - for example, user groups and other professionals at local,
regional, national as well as international level- has to be ensured.
Services have to be physically accessible to all members of the community. This requires well situated library buildings, good reading and study facilities, as well as relevant technologies and sufficient opening hours convenient to the users. It equally implies outreach services for those unable to visit the library.
The library services must be adapted to the different needs of communities in rural and urban areas.
The librarian is an active intermediary between users and resources. Professional and continuing education of the librarian is indispensable to ensure adequate services.
Outreach and user education programmes have to be provided to help users benefit from all the resources.
Implementing the Manifesto
Decision makers at national and local levels and the library community at large, around the world, are hereby urged to implement the principles expressed in this Manifesto.
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The Manifesto is prepared in cooperation with the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA).。