英国历史与文化 (公选课)试卷及答案

英国历史与文化（公选课）试卷（开卷）

2010-2011第二学期

第一部分回答问题25%

Answer the following questions:

1. What is the role of the Monarch in British government?

Monarchy is the oldest form of government in the United Kingdom.

In a monarchy, a king or queen is Head of State. The British monarchy is known as a constitutional monarchy. This means that, while The Sovereign is Head of State, the ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament.

Although the British Sovereign no longer has a political or executive role, he or she continues to play an important part in the life of the nation.

As Head of State, The Monarch undertakes constitutional and representational duties which have developed over one thousand years of history. In addition to these State duties, The Monarch has a less formal role as 'Head of Nation'. The Sovereign acts as a focus for national identity, unity and pride; gives a sense of stability and continuity; officially recognises success and excellence; and supports the ideal of voluntary service.

In all these roles The Sovereign is supported by members of their immediate family.

2. What do you know about state schools and ‘public schools’ in the U.K.?

About 90 percent of the state secondary school population in Great Britain attend comprehensive schools. These take pupils without reference to ability or aptitude and provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district.

Many of Britain…s public schools are private-run and long-established and have gained a reputation for their high academic standards，as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery.

3.What are the major functions of the Parliament?

The main functions of Parliament are: (1) to pass laws; (2) to provide, by voting for taxation, the means of carrying on the work of government; (3) to examine government Policy and administrations, including proposal for expenditure; and (4) to debate the major issues of the day.

4. What is the most important established church in Britain?

It is the Church of England.

5. How much do you know about BBC?

The British Broadcasting company (English: Broadcasting Corporation), abbreviation is, is a British BBC funded by the government but the independent operation of public media, has long been considered the most respected global one of the media. In a long time, the BBC has monopolized British television and radio. In 1955 the itv and founded in 1973, before British independent radio stations all over Britain BBC has been the only television, radio broadcasting company. Today is a global except in BBC with high visibility of the media, and also provides all kinds of other services, including books, newspapers and magazines, English teaching, a symphony orchestra and the Internet news service.

二．解释短语Explain the following terms:25%

1.The United Kingdom

British full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is from England, Scotland, wales and Northern Ireland constitute the United Kingdom, the unification of the central government and in a head of state. Britain is located in continental Europe in Great Britain, the British home anybody by beihai, British Isles, Celtic sea, across the English channel, surrounded by the Atlantic ocean and the Irish sea. Land area 24.36 square kilometers and a population of about 60 million. Britain is the world's first industrialised countries is a culturally diverse and opening-up thoughts of society. Capital London is Europe's largest and most international characteristic city.

2. “Shadow Cabinet”

The Shadow Cabinet is a team of fictional superheroes created by Milestone Comics and published by DC Comics. They first appeared in Shadow Cabinet #0 (January 1994), and were created by Dwayne McDuffie, Robert L. Washington III and John Paul Leon. Almost all of the original run, issues #4-11 and #13-17, were written by Matt Wayne.

3. Compulsory education

Compulsory education is according to legal provision, school-age children and adolescents have to accept, the state, society, families of national education must be guaranteed. Its essence is national in accordance with legal provisions for school-age children and adolescents particular fixed number of year of the implementation of the education system of the force. Compulsory education say again forced education and free compulsory education. Compulsory education have mandatory, free sex, universality characteristic. Our obligations prescribed in the compulsory education law education of schooling for nine years, this stipulation conforms to China's national conditions, is adequate.

4. Constitutional Monarchy

A constitutional monarchy is a form of constitutional government, where either an elected or hereditary monarch is the head of state, unlike in an absolute