虚拟语气

虚拟语气

一定义

在表示一种纯然假想的情况或主观愿望时，动词需用一种特殊形式，称为虚拟语气。

二虚拟语气的表达

It is essential that the ban be lifted.解除禁令至关重要。

She treated me as though I were (was) a stranger.她待我如陌生人。

If only I were not so nervous.我要是不那么紧张就好了。

If I had seen her, I would have told her.如果我见到她，我就会告诉她了。

If only I had listened to your advice.我要是听了你的劝告就好了。

三非真实条件句

A 包含条件从句的句子都是条件句，有些条件句是可能实现的,称为真实条件句。If I have time I'll come over to see you.如果我有时间我就来看你。

If we leave now, we can still catch the train.如果我们现在动身，还可能赶上火车。

B有些条件是不可能实现的，称为非真实条件句，这类条件句中谓语动词就需要用虚拟语气。

If you had arrived a little earlier, you would have seen her. 你要是早来一会儿就见到她了。

C 非真实条件句中虚拟语气的三种基本形态

1.与现在相反

If I lived near my office, I'd walk to work.如果我住在办公室附近，我就会步行上班。

If I were you I'd plant some trees round the house.如果我是你，我会在房子周围种些树。

If I could type, I might save a lot of time.如果我会打字，我可能会节省大量时间。If I knew her number I could ring her up.我要是知道她的号码我就能给她打电话。

2.与过去相反

If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.如果我知道你要来，我就会去机场接你了。（但我不知道）

If I had left sooner, I'd have caught the bus.如果早点动身，我就赶上巴士了。

No doubt I could have earned something if I had really meant to.如果我有心挣点钱，我肯定能挣到一些的。

If it hadn't been for your timely help, we would have got into serious trouble.要不是你及时帮助，我们会陷入严重的困境。

3.与将来相反

You wouldn't be anywhere if it weren't for Ruth.要不是露丝你不会有任何成就。

If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car.

D.错综复杂条件句

If it hadn't been for the doctors' care, I wouldn't be speaking to you now.要不是有医生们的照顾，我此时不会在和你说话。

If he were leaving, you would have heard about it.如果他真的要走，你早就听到消息了。

If he had been trying hard, her parents wouldn't be so worried.如果她一直很努力，她的父母也不会这样着急了。

If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.如果前些时候天气好一点，庄稼现在会长得更好。

If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.他要是多得六票，现在就是我们的主席了。

E.倒装虚拟句

当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if 可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。

If I should win a lottery, I would buy a car.=Should I win the lottery, I would buy a car.

Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。

Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。

Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了

F.含蓄虚拟句

有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。

I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。

But for, but that, without,what if, in case of,...

G.翻译练习

如果我是你，我就不会为那个操心。

假如他明天回来，他就会带我出去。

要是你没有误了公交车的话，那我们现在正在听他的音乐会呢。

四从句中的虚拟语气

A.宾语从句中的虚拟语气

在表示“命令”“要求”“建议”“请求”等动词引出的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，这种虚拟的形式比较简单，不管何时发生，从句谓语动词统一用“should+动词原形”。并且这里的should是可以省略的。能够接这样的虚拟语气的动词常见的有：suggest, advise, recommend, command, propose, insist, decide, promise, arrange, ask, argue, order等。

She demanded that I pay her immediately.她要求我立即付款给她。

He insisted that Jennie send her to dancing school.他坚持要珍妮送她进舞蹈学校。He asks that he be given an opportunity to explain his case.他要求给他机会解释他

的情况。

B.主语从句中的虚拟语气