研究生高等学校研究生英语综合教程英语课后答案详解

Unit1
Reading More
Key to Exercises
Task 1
１）nonmonetary 2) recognizing 3) due 4) adhere 5) considered
6) self-affirmation 7) impede 8) thirst 9) discharging 10) rendering 11) serve 12) ceremonies 13) a part 14) commit 15) attend
Vocabulary in Action
Task 1
1.A. observed (v. to see and notice something)
B.observed (v. to say or write what you have noticed about a situation)
C.observing (v. to do what you are supposed to do according to a law or agreement)
2.A. Labels (n. a piece of paper or other material that is attached to something and gives
information about it)
beled (v. to attach a label onto something or write information on something)
beled (v. to use a word or phrase to describe someone or something, but often unfairly or
correctly)
3.A. engage (v. to be doing or to become involved in an activity)
B.was engaged (v. to employ someone to do a particular job)
C.engaged (v. having agreed to marry)
D.engaging (adj. pleasant and attractive)
4.A. attributed (v. to believe or say that a situation or event is caused by something)
B.attributes (n. a quality or feature, especially one that is considered to be good or useful)
C.attributed (v. to believe or say that someone was responsible for saying or writing something,
i.e. painting a famous picture, etc.)
5.A. Driving (v. to make a car, truck, bus, etc. move along in a desired path)
B.drive (n. an effort to achieve something, especially an effort by an organization for a
particular purpose)
C.drive (n. determination and energy to succeed)
6.A. exercise (n. physical activities that you do in order to stay healthy and become stronger)
B.exercises (n. a set of questions in a book that test a student's knowledge or skill)
C.exercise (v. to use a power, right, or quality that you have)
7.A. term (n. a fixed period of time during which someone does something or something happens)
B.term (n. one of the periods of time that the school or university year is divided into)
C.termed (v. to give a name to or describe something with a particular expression)
8.A. discharged (v. to officially allow someone to leave somewhere, especially the hospital or the
army, navy, etc., or to tell them that they must leave)
B.discharge (v. to do or pay what you have a duty to do or pay)
C.discharges (n. something coming from with another type of substance)
9.A. minor (adj. small and not very important or serious, especially compared with other things)
B.minored/minors (v. to study a second main subject as part of university degree)
C.minors (n. someone who is below the age at which they become legally responsible for their
actions)
10.A. stage (n. a particular time or state that something reaches as it grows or develops)
B.stage (n. the raised area in a theatre which actors or singers stand on when they perform)
C.stage (v. to organize a public event)
11.A. fostering (v. to take someone else's child into your family for a period of time but without
becoming their legal parent)
B.fosters (v. to help a skill, feeling, idea, etc. develop over a period of time)
C.foster (adj. related by or concerned with fostering)
12.A. firm (n. a business or company, especially a small one)
B.firm (adj. strongly fixed in position, and not likely to move)
C.firm (adj. behaving in a way showing that they are not going to change their mind, or that
they are the person taking control)
Task 2
1.due to you as a bonus
2.in recognition of his contributions to psychology
3.serves a purpose
4.attended to in due course
5.takes precedence over all the others
6.calls for a celebration
7.thirsted for a few new books
8.with reference to the job opening in your department
9.Mary has a great diversity of interests
mitted themselves to boosting profits
PRACTICAL TRANSLATION
Paragraph One
“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，7天，一天 24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目
的地’!这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。

这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。

这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。

”
Paragraph Two
最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。

很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。

对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。

Unit2
Reading more: A cuisine crisis Key to exercises
Text exploration
▪About French cuisine
▪
A. As for raw materials, there are: herbs, fruits and vegetables piled high in greengrocers’ creative geometrics ; seafood, e.g. oyster; wild game, e.g. hare, venison, boar; and sausages and cheeses laid out to smell and savor.
▪
B. Nothing has stood for France’s sense of exceptionalism more famou sly than its cooking. ▪
e.g. Water has many different and marketable tastes and the
taste of
olive oils can be nutty, fruity and impudent.
▪
C. If French cuisine has prestige, that’s because
▪
a. French has chefs who are interested in good products.
▪
b. French still has peasant agriculture as well as factory farms. Text exploration Task1
About French cuisine
▪
Many factors caused the decline of French cuisine ▪
A. Globalization
Many fruits and vegetables on the outdoor market are imported from foreign countries. Gallic talent, taste and technique have been exported all over the world and at the same time, what is mediocre, cheep and popular has been imported.
B. Government tax and economic policies a. more and more restaurateurs have to cope with red tape, not to mention edicts from Brussels that affect everything from sales taxes to the bacteria in the brie.
b. The “harmonized” value -added taxes benefit fast-food chains while penalizing sit-down restaurants.
c. Strict labor laws restrict hiring, firing and temp-work.
d. Government regulations, for example, CAP, favor quantity over quality. Reading more/ Vocabulary in action ▪
Task 1
▪1.A 2.A 3.D 4.B 5. A ▪6.B 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.B
▪Task2
▪
1. pleasant
2. understand ▪
3. an event in which people or businesses show or sell their products
4. cheeky
5. unified
6. modest or unpretentious
7.cherish
8.causepain or suffer; annoy/trouble
9.have
10.unwillingness
▪
▪
Unit3 Task 2.(p73)
1.F
2.F
3.T
4.F
5.F
6.T
7.F
8.T
9.F10.F
▪
Vocabulary in Action(p75)
▪ Task 1.
▪ 1.A2.B3.C4.B5.A6.B7.C8.A
▪ Task 2.
▪
1.stack up against
2. struck a chord
3.amounted to
4.chopping off
5.appeal to
6. pick up on
7. turned out
8.fade away
9.brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of
▪
Task 3.
▪
1.swirling
2.delivered
3.glowed
4.intervals
5. converge
6. wanderings
7.navigate
8. jealously
9. presence 10. absorbed
Reading more
▪Task 2.
▪1.C 2. A 3.A 4.C 5.B6.D7.A8.C ▪Vocabulary in Action(p86) ▪Task 1.
▪1. A. festive
B. festivals
C. festivity
▪2. A. precedence B. precedent C. preceded
D. unprecedented
E. preceding
▪3. A. descendant B. descend C. descent ▪4. A. justified B. justification
C. justify
D. justifiable
▪5. A. confines
B. confinement
C. confine
▪
6. A. repression B. repressive C. repressed
▪Task 2.
▪1. took painting up for a while ▪2. A stroll round the garden
▪
3. tucked into the whole pizza quickly
▪
4. stumbled across /on/upon an extremely simple but very exact method
5. with unprecedented zeal
▪
6. the intrinsic value of every person/individual
▪
7. as if it were no different from chess
▪
8. in any event we’ll telephone you
9. is packed with tourists
▪
10. He’s mulling o ver the proposals
▪
Practical Translation(p89)
▪
Paragraph One
▪
不管如何解释，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人得主要谈资，同时也是智囊团和政策制定者研究和考虑的主题。

在美国，人们使用这个说法时总是带着几分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼的有闲人士才会表现出来的冷嘲热讽的态度。

但是，它可能还是会流行起来。

时任《纽约时报》执行主编的比尔。

凯勒曾鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或
去欣赏艺术。

▪
Paragraph Two
▪
《欢乐满人间》的作者帕梅拉。

林登。

特拉弗斯概括得精辟至极。

她写到，“你不能把你
想象的东西砍掉一部分然后写成一本专给孩子看的书，坦白地说，因为事实上你根本无从知道童年究竟是什么时候结束的而成人期又是什么时候开始的。

它们相互连接、浑然一体。

”在
罗琳的书中，从语言开始，就有足够多的让大人和孩子都喜欢的东西。

也许她文风朴实，但是她却给人和物命名的方式显示了独特的原创才能。

Unit 4
task2 (116)
1.my world just fell apart
2.so I just had to make the best of it
3.settled down over there
4.they lead completely separated lives
5.I was steeling myself to call round
6.People often feel a sense of frustration
7.With the benefit of hindsight
8.We are here today to honor the men and women
9.She consoled herself with the fact
10.Many women are faced with the dilemma
Translation Practice
Paragraph One
Reference:
很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何对
陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感联系。

正式因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。

在人情冷漠的环境中（如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭）长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。

Paragraph Two Reference:
一开始让人们相互吸引的的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且
命运会将你俩带到一起。

这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。

实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运将人们联系在一起。

我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。

Unit5
❖
Reading More ❖ Text Exploration
1.B
2.A
3.C
4.D
5.C
6.C
7.A
8.B 9A 10.D ❖
Vocabulary in Action
❖
Task 1
1. A. severe B. severely C. severity
2. A. variety B. various C. varieties
3. A. separate B. separately C. separated D. separation
4. A. associate B. associate C. associations
5. A. major B. major C. majority
6. A. identification B. identify C. identity
7. A. perceive B. perception C. perceptive
8. A. primary B. primary C. primarily
9. A. minimum B. minimize C. minimal 10.A. depression B. depressed C. depressing 11.A. increasingly B. increase C. increase 12. A .response B. responded C. respondents ❖ Task 2.
❖ 1.turmoil 2.magnitude 3. stressed out 4.hassle 5.understaffed 6.impaired 7.terrain 8.fit into 9. adaptation 10. irritation 11.cognitive 12. chronic 13. perspective 14. accumulate 15. was aware of
❖
Task 3.
❖
1.approximately
2. individuals
3. reviewed
4. depression
5. indicates
6. overwhelmed
7. motivate
8. categories
9. duration 10. negotiated
Unit6
Key to Exercises
Text Exploration
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. F
5.T
6. F
7. F
8. F
9. F 10. T 11. F 12. F 13. T 14. T
Vocabulary in Action
Task 1
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. B 10. C
Task 2
1. contented
2. convention
3. tall
4. curiously
5. Convention
6. content
7. execute
8. curious
9. execute 10. count 11. content 12. conventions 13. count 14. convention 15. tall
Task 3
1) sheer 2) subject 3) contradictory 4) worldly 5) chaotic 6) sophisticated 7) violence 8) glamorous 9) crime 10) safest
Reading More
Key to Exercises
Task 1
1) more 2) Pacific 3) feather 4) homeland 5) intentions
6) realize 7) prodigy 8) movie star 9) magazines 10) disappointed 11) excited/hopeful 12) images 13) impatient 14) failed 15) willful
PRACTICAL TRANSLATION
Paragraph One
我提到这些，仅仅为了表明纽约城是一座建构奇特的城市，这里发生的事件包罗万象（城东1,000 英尺长的班轮也好，城西两万人的集会也罢），但种种事件却又未被强加到每个居民身上。

因此，从某种意义上说，每个事件都有可供选择的余地，居民们大可随心所欲地选择心仪的场景来体味，保护其灵魂免受侵害。

Paragraph Two
在许多都市里，无论是大都市还是小城市，个人往往没有这种选择的自由。

他必然会同狮子会会员们狭路相逢。

狮子会会员无处不在，各种事件避无可避。

一截房檐从天而降，必然会砸到每个市民头上，无一幸免。

我有时想，能够砸到每个纽约人头上的事件恐怕只有一年一度的圣帕特里克节游行，其影响之广，可谓无孔不入—爱尔兰是一个不可小觑的民族，纽约城中居住的爱尔兰人有50万之众，他们还拥有自己的武装力量。

Unit7
(P198)
Key:
1 a
2 d 3c4b 5 a 6 c7d8 b
(P201) Key:
1-a2-c3-b4-b5- c
6- a 7- b 8- c 9- a 10-c Task 3 (P203)
1.So far as I’m concerned
2.endeavor to measure whether predetermined goals
are being achieved
3.has been engrossed in conversation with all night
4. draw conclusions from the results of a single survey
5. He had no friends nor acquaintances
6. did she tell him about the attack
4.as we had seen
5.that he had had a family himself
6.the problems you mention are inherent in the system
7.young people conscientious in their work/young
people who are conscientious in their
8.deviated from her custom
9.at the peril of your own life / at your own peril
10.t aken on a new dimension
11.c apable of looking after myself
12.i n much the same way as it was 200 years ago
13.r escue the sailors from the sinking ship
14.P ortugal participated in the war
15.d ue to our ignorance
Translation for Reference:
1 人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。

这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很
难重建公众对他的信心。

人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无
赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。

小偷也不会变成
值得信赖的员工。

吝啬鬼也不可能变成慈善家。

一个人也不会在五六十岁的时候变成谎话精、懦夫或叛徒，如果那时候
他是，那么早在他性格形成的时候他就已经是了。

大罪犯最初都是小罪犯，正如大橡树最初都是小橡果。

Translation for Reference:
2 我回想起他那时高涨的情绪、他的活力、他对未来的信心，还有他的冷漠。

这两个人不可能是同一个人，然而我确信就是他。

我起身付了账，走进广场去找他。

我的思绪一片混乱。

我感到惊恐。

我绝不会想到他已经沦落到这般可怕的悲惨境地。

我问自己发生了什么事，是什么样的希望迟迟不能实现令他伤心，是什么样的失意将他击垮，是什么样的幻想破灭将他逼向屈辱？我问自己是否已经无计可施。

我绕着广场走着。

Unit 10
The role of the academy in time of
crisis Text exploration
•Task1
•Para.1: American society has a long-standing consensus about the value of education.
•Para.2: Our society’s confidence in its institutions of high er education is clear from the generosity of government in research but it comes with expectations.
•Para.3: Modern academic study relates to the world; it is not apart from it as in the past.•Para.4: We have an obligation to search for new ideas and knowledge.
•Para.5:We have an obligation to disseminate new ideas and knowledge.
•Para.6: We have an obligation to educate the next generation of citizens and leaders.Para.7: We should cultivate the qualities of thought and discernment in our students.
Task2
1.B
2.C
3.B
4.A
5.C
6.B
7.C
8.C
9. C 10.C Vocabulary in action
•Task1
•1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B
•6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B
•Task2
•1.underlying 2.immune 3.impart 4.imperative 5. vulnerable 6.diffused7.foremost 8.scholarly 9.illuminated 10.eloquence
•Task3
•1.deeper 2.contribute 3.explore 4.potential 5.how 6.produtive 7.likely 8.produce 9.Nationally 10.dedicated
Reading more
Task 1 (P295)
1-a 2- c 3- b 4- d 5-c
6- a 7- b 8- c 9- a 10-c Translation for Reference:
1.这是你那问题最好的解决方案。

2.我们取得了一些成绩，但要防止自满情绪。

3.你提的补救措施倒是干脆利落、轻而易举，
但是行不通。

4.人们从水的蒸发现象了解到，液体在一定条
件下能变成气体。

5.在澳大利亚，人们甚至可以发现，法官们也在指责立法条文和合同条款中的语言。