高中英语人教版必修一unit4课文内容

必修一 Unit4 课文内容

1.You have time to take only one thing.

time后接不定式短语to take only one thing作定语。

△动词不定式作后置定语

动词不定式可以做后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词，一般强调动作将要发生。

Have you got anything to send

I have nothing to say.

△不定式与所修饰词间的关系可有一下4种：

⑴主谓关系

被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。如：

We need someone to help with the work. （someone will help with the work）

⑵动宾关系

被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。如：

I have many letters to write. （to write many letters）

⑶同位关系

不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。如：

We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng.

⑷状语关系

被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。这些名词多是抽象名词。如：

That's the way to do it. 那样做才对。

I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那儿。

△作定语的不定式如果含有不及物动词，且不定式所修饰的名词或代词表示地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词，但当不定时所修饰的名词是time, place或way时，不定式后的介词通常省去。

Please give me a knife to cut with.

Mary had no money and no place to live.

△辨析：动名词、现在分词做定语

⑴动名词作定语时，和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，只表示被修饰名词的一般

用途,必须位于名词之前。如:

There is a swimming pool in our school.

⑵现在分词作定语时，和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示所修饰名词的特征，

一般强调动作正在发生。如:

Listen to the singing bird.

Who is the boy running towards us。

练习：

⑴ Bird’s singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______ away.

A. to stay

B. staying

C. stayed

D. stay

⑵ The ability ________ an idea is as important as the idea itself.

A. expressing

B. expressed

C. to express

D. to be expressed

2.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.

△too... to...结构

该句型在多数情况下表示否定意义，通常为“太……而不能……，太……而无法……”。该结构用法说明如下：

⑴ too为副词，修饰形容词或其他副词。to为不定式符号，其后接动词原形。

The hat is too large to wear.

He walks too slowly to get there on time.

⑵不定式作结果状语，常用主动形式，其逻辑主语有时是句子的主语，有时不是，若不是，不

定式的逻辑主语通常由for引出。

The book is too difficult for us to read.

She was too short to reach the apples on the table.

⑶该句型可以与“so ...that...”，“not ...enough to...”句型转换。

She is too short to reach the book on the shelf.

= She is not tall enough to reach the book on the shelf.

= She is so short that she can’t reach the book on the shelf.

△⑴ too... to...有时也可以表示肯定的意义：

too后跟ready, eager, willing, pleased, glad等表示心情或倾向性的形容词时

too前有only, all等副词对其进行修饰时

He is too eager to know the result of the examination.

I am only too glad to accept your invitation.

⑵ can/could not... too/enough结构常出现在情景对话中，表示“再怎样也不未过，无论怎

么也不够”。

You cannot be too careful when crossing the road.

I cannot thank you enough.

练习：

⑴同义句转换：

① The boy is too young to join the army.

=

② It is too cold for the students to play on the playground.

=

③ The teacher’s question was too difficult that the students couldn’t answer it. =

⑵– Must I turn off the lights after work

– Of course. You can never be _______ careful to do that.

A. enough

B. too

C. so

D. very

3.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.

△此句为简单句，该句中的looking for places to hide作ran的伴随状语，状语中动作look for与句子的谓语ran表示的动作同时发生。

△现在分词作伴随状语

现在分词表示主动，所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作是同时或几乎同时发生的。现在分词作状语，是对谓语动词所表示的动作或状态的补充说明。现在分词作伴随状语的具体用法如下：

⑴现在分词作伴随状语时其逻辑主语为句子的主语，且现在分词与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主

谓关系。

⑵现在分词所表示的动作是伴随着句子的谓语动词表示的动作而发生或存在的，是主语的另一

个、较次要的动作。

⑶现在分词作伴随状语，可位于句首或句末。

⑷现在分词作伴随状语时没有相应的状语从句可以与之相互转换，但可以转换为相应的并列

句。

He sat at the table reading China Daily.

She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. (= She came into the house, and carried

a lot of books.)

He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. (= He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time.)