江苏2020高考英语阅读理解：细节理解题讲解及训练

江苏2020高考英语阅读理解--细节理解题讲解及训练（含答案）

阅读理解解题指导

阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。

阅读理解----【细节理解题】

细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。它的设题方式主要有以下两种：

1. 以what, who, which, when, where, why, how等特殊疑问句的方式来提问，针对文章中的具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因(目的)、方式等来设问考查。解这类题时，大家可以带着问题去阅读文章，最后采用“对号入座”的办法，把原文信息跟后面的题目对照，最后确定出正确答案。如:

真题摘选【1】(2020江苏卷D篇)

I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the C ivil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.

65. How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s?

A. Twain was more willing to deal with racism.

B. Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.

C. Twain’s themes se emed to agree with plots.

D. Twain was openly concerned with racism.

解析：根据文中信息，Stowe的小说正面抨击奴隶制问题，而马克?吐温则通过故事来抨击奴隶制和种族歧视，可见马克?吐温对种族歧视的抨击不那么公开。

【实战演练】阅读理解

Part of a research study，by scientists at McMaster university，which is ongoing into the influence of drinking milk after heavy weightlifting，has observed that milk helps exercisers burn more fat.

The scientists took three groups of young men 18 to 30 years of age,56 in total，and put them through a strict，five-day-per-week weightlifting program over a 12-week period.Following their workouts，study participants drank either two cups of skim milk (脱脂奶)，or a soy beverage with equivalent amounts of protein and energy，or a carbohydrate beverage (碳酸饮料) with an equivalent amount of energy.

Upon the study’s conclusi on，scientists observed that：the milk drinking group had lost nearly twice as much fat—two pounds—as those in the carbohydrate beverage group，who lost one pound of

fat.Those drinking soy lost no fat.At the same time，the gain in muscle was much greater among the milk drinkers than either the soy or carbohydrate beverage participants.

As published in the first stage of the study，the milk drinking group came out on top in terms of muscle gain with an estimated 40 percent or 2.5 pounds more muscle mass than the soy beverage drinkers.In addition，this group gained 63 percent or 3.3 pounds more muscle mass than the carbohydrate beverage drinkers.

“I think the evidence is beginning to increase，”says Stuart Phillips—the leader of the study.“Milk may be best known for its calcium (钙) content in supporting bone health，but our research，and later others’，can continually support milk’s ability to aid in muscle growth and also promote body fat https://www.360docs.net/doc/9a2461132.html,k is the ideal post-workout drink for recreational exercisers and athletes alike.”1．According to the study，which is the best drink for exercisers to lose weight?

A．Fruit juice. B．Soy beverage.

C．Skim milk. D．Carbohydrate beverage.

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知。

答案： C

2．From the passage we can learn that milk has a good effect on all of the following

EXCEPT________.

A．muscle gain B．brain development

C．bone health D．fat loss

解析：细节理解题。根据前三段可知，牛奶可以gain muscle和lose fat，故A、D正确；根据最后一段中的“Milk may be best known for its calicium content in supporting bone health”可知C也正确，所以答案为B。

答案： B

3．According to the passage，we can know that________.

A．the scientists chose people aged 18,30 and 56 as participants of the research

B．the weightlifting program which study participants attended was 84 days in total

C．people who drink milk every day are always healthier and thinner than others

D．soy beverages are better than carbohydrate beverages for exercisers to gain muscle

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The scientists book three groups of young men 18 to 30 years of age,56 in total，”可知A错误；根据第二段中的“put them through a strict，five-day-per-week weightlifting program over a 12-week period.”可知B错误；文章提到喝牛奶可以gain muscle和lose fat，但是并没有提到每天喝牛奶的人会比其他人健康、苗条，故C也错误。

答案： D

4．What does Philips want to tell us?

A．More evidence is needed to strengthen their research.

B．Milk has more calcium than soy or carbohydrate beverages.

C．The calcium in milk can also help gain muscle and lose fat.

D．Athletes should be forbidden to drink other beverages except milk.

解析：细节理解题。由“...but our research，and later others’，can continually support milk’s ability to aid in muscle growth and also promote body fat loss.”可知答案。

答案： A

5．What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．What exercisers should do to lose weight.

B．How milk influences people’s health and figure.

C．The differences between milk and soy or carbohydrate beverages.

D．A research on the effect of drinking milk—gain muscle and lose fat.

解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于喝牛奶的最新研究成果，即喝牛奶可以gain muscle和lose fat，所以答案为D。

答案： D.

真题摘选【2】(2020课标卷I A篇)

Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my family’s last vacation. It was my six-year-old son’s winter break from school, and we were heading home form Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was

overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings in New York, so I had to get back. But that didn’t mean my husband and my son couldn’t stay. I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.

56. Why did Delta give the author’s family credits?

A. They took a later flight.

B. They had early bookings.

C. Their flight had been delayed.

D. Their flight had been cancelled.

解析：本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己的亲身经历来阐明观点，即如何获取金钱的最大利用价值，从而理性消费。利用关键词查询可以在第一段中找到The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day这些相关信息。由该句可知，因为航班超员，航空公司(Delta)以信用卡的形式补偿我们每人400美金，要我们放弃座位，第二天再离开。故选A

项(他们乘坐了较晚的航班)。

【实战演练】

【2020届石家庄市高中毕业班质量检测（二）试题】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。C

You use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot.

Xiaoice, Microsoft’s latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 2015, where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, The New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice.

“Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice,” Li u Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis (表情符号) in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported.

Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech companies, they are becoming smarter and more common. For instance, IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia’s Deakin University, answering student s’questions about course schedules and financial aid. Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users.

These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, The New York Times pointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a “Samantha”, the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction fi lm Her. In the film, Samantha sparks a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates.

1. What does the underlined part in paragraph two mean?

A. She became a best seller.

B. She became very powerful.

C. She became a money maker.

D. She became very popular.

2. Which of the following can Xiaoice do?

A. Do housework.

B. Spread messages.

C. Identify various photos.

D. Read news to its users.

3. Which company’s chatbot program can act as an academic consultant?

A. Microsoft.

B. IBM.

C. Apple.

D. Amazon.

4. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

A. Chatbots mainly run on smartphones now.

B. It’ll take decades to apply chatbots to cars.

C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film.

D. The film Her doesn’t interest many audience .

参考答案、DCBA

2. 以不完整的句子形式，针对文章的某个细节设题，考查考生对此事实细节的认定和理解能力。如：

真题摘选【1】(2020课标卷I B篇)

Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise (同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

61. Babies are sensitive to the change in ______.

A. the size of cards

B. the colour of pictures

C. the shape of patterns

D. the number of objects

解析：本文为科普类说明文，主要讨论了婴儿是否能感知数量这一问题。根据第二段中When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves可知，卡片上物品的数目而不是物品本身的变化对婴儿的视觉产生了影响，故选D。

【习题选编】

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

体裁：记叙文话题：公共服务时间：7分钟

The world of taxi drivers is dominated by men.But there is one small taxi company in Delhi，where all

the drivers and passengers are female.Women's safety is a hot topic in India at the moment，so it's proving a very popular service.

“When I'm on the road drivi ng our taxi I feel very proud，because this is the first taxi service only for women，”says 31-year-old Shanti Sharma，who is one of eight female drivers with a taxi service called Cabs for Women by Women.

The last couple of months，since the rape and murder in the city of a college student travelling on a bus，have been particularly busy for her and her colleagues.

“After this case，our workload has increased so much，” says Sharma.“Women who used other cab services are also turning to us now.”

Most women in Delhi say they routinely face harassment(骚扰)，and worse，especially on public transport.

Sharma，a single parent with three daughters，has been working as a taxi driver since 2011，when the service was first set up，and it has changed her life.This is the first time that she has earned enough—about 250 a month—to support her family.

Of course，she and the other female taxi drivers are completely outnumbered by male cabbies.“When I park somewhere there are always men there and inevitably five or six of them get together and hang out，” she says.“I'm usually the only woman in the parking lot，so I just stay inside the car.”

It's not much better when she is out on the road.Sharma says the male drivers give her a hard time.“As soon as they see a woman at the wheel they start honking(按喇叭) for no reason.They'll try to overtake you.I'm always worrying about how to avoid getting hit by someone.”

The company behind Cabs for Women by Women，Sakha Consulting Wings，had a number of goals when it set up the service.It wanted to give women from poor backgrounds an opportunity to earn money.By putting women in charge of technologies，it also wanted to change people's attitudes，and open up boundaries for women.

【语篇导读】德里一家出租车公司专门推出了女性司机只为女性乘客提供服务的Cabs for Women by Women 出租车业务。生意异常火爆。

1．The taxi service Cabs for Women by Women ______.

A．is greatly needed at present in India

B．causes a hot debate in India

C．was set up in 2012

D．is free of charge for women

解析细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“it's proving a very popular service”可知，这项女性出

租车服务在现在有很大需求量。

答案 A

2．Why are women who used other cab services turning to Cabs for Women by Women? A．Because it is cheap. B．Because it is safe.

C．Because it is famous. D．Because it is convenient.

解析推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可推知，那些以前乘坐其他出租车的女性现在选择Cabs for Women by Women，是因为这种由妇女驾驶的出租车能为女性乘客提供安全保障。

答案 B

3．What do we know about Sharma?

A．She is the first female taxi driver in Delhi.

B．She lives in harmony with her husband.

C．She has regretted becoming a taxi driver.

D．She has a better salary after becoming a taxi driver.

解析细节理解题。根据第六段可知，从2011年Sharma成为出租车司机后，她才赚了足够多的钱来养家糊口。

答案 D

4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．The opportunities Cabs for Women by Women provides for women.

B．The main purposes of Cabs for Women by Women.

C．People's attitudes towards Cabs for Women by Women.

D．The background information of Cabs for Women by Women.

解析段落大意题。根据本段的主题句“The company behind Cabs for Women by Women，Sakha Consulting Wings，had a number of goals when it set up the service.”可知，本段主要讲开展Cabs for Women by Women 出租车服务的目的。

答案 B

【长难句解读】

原文Sharma，a single parent with three daughters，has been working as a taxi driver since 2011，when the service was first set up，and it has changed her life.

译文Sharma是一个独自抚养三个女儿的单亲母亲，自从2011年首次开展这项服务以来，她一直是一名出租车司机。这改变了她的生活。

分析and前后为两个并列分句。在第一个分句中，a single parent with three daughters 是Sharma

的同位语。when引导一个定语从句，修饰2011。

【2020届石家庄市高中毕业班质量检测（二）试题】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。D

If you watch British television on March 15, you might be surprised to see celebrities (名人) wearing funny red noses and joking around. But don’t worry. They’re not mad. I t’s all part of a money raising event called Red Nose Day.

Founded in 1985 by two British comedians, the aim of the event is to raise money to fight poverty and injustice in the UK and Africa. Celebrities and public figures support the event by making appearances on comic TV shows. For example, UK Prime Minister David Cameron once appeared in a music video by One Direction, which the band produced for the event.

Britons don’t just raise money for charitable causes on one day a year, but they do it all year round. One way of doing so is by shopping in charity shops. These small shops sell clothes, books and household goods just like any other shop except that it’s all secondhand.

There are nearly 10,000 charity shops in the UK. Their business model is simple: Anybody who has things they don’t want anymore can donate them to a charity shop, where they are checked for damage, cleaned and priced. The money that is made by selling them is used for a charitable cause.

The idea of buying used clothes may sound unpleasant, but for shoppers who have less spending money, it has been a welcome option. Now, shopping at charity shops is also becoming popular with young people looking for alternative fashion. “You can find very unique clothes for a very cheap price. It doesn’t bother me that other people may have worn them, I simply wash them before I wear them,” said Anne Marie, a 19-year-old from the US.

So next time you spot a charity shop, why not go inside? Who knows, you might find a lovely dress for just a few pounds. Even better, you can enjoy wearing it in the knowledge that your money helped a good cause.

1. Why did Cameron appear in One Direction’s music video?

A. To earn a living.

B. To support the band.

C. To help raising money.

D. To entertain the audience.

2. Where are the goods of charity shops from?

A. Local bands.

B. People’s donation.

C. British comedians.

D. The UK government.

3. What’s Anne Marie’s attitude to charity shops?

A. Favorable.

B. Particular.

C. Doubtful.

D. Disapproving.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A. Red Nose Day.

B. British celebrities.

C. Charity in Britain.

D. Secondhand shops.

参考答案、1—4、CBAC

【2020年沈阳市高中三年级教学质量监测（一）】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。A

British International Schools in China

Harrow International School Beijing

The mission statement of the school is “Leadership for a better world”, which draws on the great tradition of famous leaders studying in Harrow School such as Winston Churchill and Pundit Nehru. Established in 2005, the Harrow International School Beijing is known for its reputation for having the highest academic standards and close personal tutoring. All students have a personal tutor to take care of their personal concerns. The tuition fee per year ranges from 80,100 to 258,400 yuan ($12,600 – 40,600) for half day, pre-nursery to year 13. Read more via https://www.360docs.net/doc/9a2461132.html,.

Dulwich College Shanghai

Dulwich College Shanghai is made up of about 1,500 students from age 2 to age 18, with over 40 different nationalities. Dulwich College Shanghai opened in 2003 and has been recognized as one of the best international schools in Shanghai. About 70 percent of the school’s teachers are British. The school’s annual payment ranges from 225,500 to 269,500 yuan ($35,500 – 42,000) from year 1 to year 13. Click here to know more.

Wellington College International Shanghai

Wellington College, UK, is one of the world’s top coeducational day and boarding schools founded by royal sponsor on behalf of Queen Victoria in 1859. Wellington College International Shanghai opened its doors in 2014 and now has over 600 students, aged 2 to 18 years old. Annual tuition ranges from 234,000 to 285,000 yuan ($36,800 – 44,800) for year 1 to year 13. Wellington College also has a campus in Tianjin. Click here to learn more about both locations.

The British School of Guangzhou

Established in 2005 for students aged 2 to 18, The British School of Guangzhou has gained a reputation for academic excellence. The school’s two campuses are located about 25 minutes north of Guangzhou’s city center, overlooking scenic South Lake. The annual tuition ranges from 157,840 to 197,690 yuan ($24,800 – 31,100) for year 1 to year 13. Click here to know more.

1. If you want to make friends with students from different countries, you may choose _____.

A. Harrow International School Beijing

B. Dulwich College Shanghai

C. Wellington College International Shanghai

D. The British School of Guangzhou

2. What do the last two schools have in common?

A. They both have two campuses.

B. Their annual tuitions are the same.

C. They are both sponsored by the royal family.

D. They are both the world’s best boarding schools.

3. In which section of a website can we probably read this passage?

A. Lifestyle

B. Opinion

C. International News

D. Culture Exchange

参考答案1—3、BAD

阅读理解。

“Stop making excuses for him，Mom，”I said.“But maybe he is feeling unwell...” Mom said.“Maybe nothing，” I interrupted.I had been tending Mom since her health began to decline and this would be the first time in a year that my husband and I had a night out together.Jerry had promised to stay with Mom.But again he let us down.And more often than not，his drinking had a lot to do with it.His irresponsibility upset me.

I remembered our happy growing-up years in a small town in West Virginia.With good family education，Jerry had been a kind kid.He was only 15 when Dad died.Unlike him，I got over the sorrow soon，but he started drinking.Soon he began hanging out with bad guys.

Jerry and I didn’t see eac h other often，but we talked on the https://www.360docs.net/doc/9a2461132.html,ually，though，we ended up fighting.When Mom came to live with us，Jerry dropped in regularly at first，but after a while his visits became sporadic.He explained he couldn’t handle seeing Mom in such a bad condition.A nother excuse，I thought.

One day I went to see the doctor about my back.It had been aching for months.“I can’t find anything wrong with you physically，”the doctor said.“But I can tell you’re very tense.Is something bothering you？” I poured out my story about Jerry.“Do you think he’s likely to change？” he asked.I shrugged.“Probably not.”“But，you can，”he said gently.

Me？Why did I have to change？He was the one who constantly let us down.But what had I done？Maybe the doctor was right.I couldn’t love his behavio r，but I could love him—the way I did when we were little.As I walked into the house I sensed a relief.

Jerry died young due to drinking.I miss him.But I’m grateful I was given the opportunity to show him I loved him—as he was，not as I wanted him to be.

【语篇解读】爱一个人，并不意味着他很完美。有时，即便他有着让人难以忍受的缺点，也要学会去爱——爱他不是因为他是你所期望的那样，而是爱他本人。

1．When Jerry failed to carry out his promise that night，his mother________.

A．felt very angry B．tried to defend him

C．was indifferent about it D．phoned him to ask him to come back

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Stop making excuses for him，Mom，” I said.“But maybe he is feeling unwell...”可推断，答案为B。

答案： B

2．Jerry got into the habit of drinking mainly because________.

A．he was influenced by bad guys

B．his mom left to live with his sister

C．nobody cared for him after his father died

D．he couldn’t get over the sadness of losing his father

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Unlike him，I got over the sorrow soon，but he started drinking 可知，答案为D。

答案： D

3．The underlined word “sporadic” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．

A．occasional B．frequent

C．formal D．unpleasant

解析：词义猜测题。根据句中Jerry dropped in regularly at first，but...可判断，刚开始Jerry经常来看望妈妈，但不久就很少来了，故答案为A。

答案： A

4．What did the author think of the doctor’s suggestion at first?

A．It was acceptable. B．It gave her much hope.

C．It was unreasonable. D．It made her confused.

解析：推理判断题。根据第五段Me？Why did I have to change？He was the one who constantly let us down.可推断，答案为C。

答案： C

5．What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Love can help a person give up bad habits.

B．Too much tens ion will destroy a person’s health.

C．We shouldn’t expect too much of a person.

D．We should try to love a person as he is.

解析：主旨大意题。根据末段But I’m grateful I was given the opportunity to show him I loved him—as he was，not as I wanted him to be可推断，爱一个人，要爱他本人，而不是因为他是你期望的那样，故答案为D。

答案： D