英语关联词

英语四级作文常用关联词汇总
1.表示举例的关联词
for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as,
2.表示递进关系的关联词
furthermore；moreover；further；In this way；still；not only...but also...；not...but...；in addition (to); worst of all; equally important, similarly，likewise，as well as，besides，also，too
3.表示强调的关联词
especially, without doubt, primarily, chiefly, actually, otherwise, after all, as a matter of fact, in fact; particularly；moreover；naturally; what is more important；in reality；indeed; in particular
4.表示比较的关联词
as, too, also, likewise, similarly, at the same time, in the same way
对比：
However, on the other hand，yet; still; rather; neither ... nor; despite，in spite of，though，although，but，on the contrary, otherwise, instead of，rather，whereas, nonetheless, compared with, in contrast
5.表示转折的关联词
but, still, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, nevertheless, regardless, contrary to, and yet, however, nonetheless, conversely, despite, after all, instead
6.表示因果关系的关联词
accordingly, as a result, because, since, because of, as, due to，owing to，the reason why,leads to，cause
consequently, hence, therefore, thus, for this purpose, to this end,，it follows that，thereby，eventually，in that case
7.表示结论的关联词
all in all, altogether, finally, in brief, in sum, in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole, to sum up
8. Condition条件
if，unless，whether，provided that，for，so that，whether，depending on
9. 顺序first, initially，second, to begin with，then，next，earlier/later，following this/that，afterwards, at this time; at last; previously; simultaneously; last but not least
Time时间
before，since，as，until，meanwhile，at the moment，when，whenever，as soon as，just as
10.表示作者态度的词
ironically, fortunately, to the disappointment of, unfortunately, strangely enough
11.归纳总结类：in other words；on the whole; in sum; therefore；hence；in short；to sum up；in conclusion; in summary；that is to say; as I have said; in conclusion，in summary，lastly，finally，to sum up，to conclude，
20.1 并列连词与并列结构
并列连词引导两个并列的句子。

1)and 与or
判断改错：
(对) They sat down and talked about something.
(对) They started to dance and sing.
(对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
注意：and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。

（or也有此用法）
Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.
= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.
One more effort, and you'll succeed.
= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.
2)both …and两者都
She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.
3)not only…but (also), as well as不但…而且）
She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.
注意：not only… but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。

Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
4)neither…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。

Neither you nor he is to blame.
5）as well as
It is important for you as well as for me.
20.3 表示选择的并列结构
1) or意思为"否则"。

I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.
2) either…or意思为"或者……或者……"。

注意谓语动词采用就近原则。

Either you or I am right.
20.4 表示转折或对比
1) but表示转折，while表示对比。

Some people love cats, while others hate them.
2) not…but… 意思为"不是……而是……"
not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。

They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.
20.5 表原因关系
1) for
判断改错：
(错) For he is ill, he is absent today.
(对) He is absent today, for he is ill.
for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。

2) so, therefore
He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.
注意：
a. 两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列连词连用。

You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.
He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game.
b. although… yet…，但although不与but连用。

三、从属连词的用法
1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词
(1) 表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。

主要的when, while, as, whenever。

如：
Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃饭时不要说话。

Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。

He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。

(2) 表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。

主要的有before, after。

如：Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。

After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。

(3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。

主要的有since, until, till。

如：She’s been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。

Hold on until I fetch help. 坚持一下，等我找人来帮忙。

Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (谚)不要无事惹事。

(4) 表示“一…就”的时间连词。

主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。

如：
I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。

The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。

I came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息，马上就来了。

Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始, 便不可停下来。

(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。

主要的有every time(每
次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。

如：
I’ll tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。

We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每当我们洗手的时候，我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。

You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。

注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。

2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词。

这类连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。

如：
Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不介意吧?
Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。

(from )
As long as you’re happy，it doesn’t matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。

In case it rains they will stay at home. 万一下雨，他们就呆在家里。

注意：在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。

不过，有时表示条件的if之后可能用will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。

如：
If you will sit down for a few moments, I’ll tell the manager you’re here.
请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了。

3. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词。

主要的有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。

如：
He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。

Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。

She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。

4. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。

主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等。

如：
I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位。

I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. 我摔了许多跤，以致于全身都是青一块紫一块的。

He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大, 结果玻璃震破了。

(from )
5. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词。

主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。

如：
He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我，因为我是新来的。

As you are sorry，I’ll forgive you. 既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。

Since we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。

Seeing that he’s ill he’s unlikely to come. 因为他病了，他大概不会来了。

Now that she has apologized, I am content. 既然她已经道了歉, 我也就满意了。

6. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词。

主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever 等。

如：
Although they are twins, they look entirely different. 他们虽是孪生, 但是相貌却完全不同。

I like her even though she can be annoying. 尽管她有时很恼人, 但我还是喜欢她。

You won’t move that stone, however strong you are. 不管你力气多大, 也休想搬动那块石头。

Whatever we have achieved, we owe to your support. 我们取得的一切成就都归功于你们的支持。

Whoever you are, you can’t pass this wa y. 不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。

Whenever I see him I speak to him. 每当我见到他，我都和他讲话。

7. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。

主要的有as, as if, as though, the way等。

如：
Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?
He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber. 他将铁棍折弯，仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。

Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。

8. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。

主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。

如：
The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。

I’ll take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪儿我就带你到哪儿。

(from )
Everywhere I go，I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。

9. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。

主要的有than和as…as。

如：She was now happier than she had ever been. 现在她比过去任何时候都快活。

I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought. 我看了看表，时间比我想像的早。

He doesn’t work as hard as she does. 他工作不像她那样努力。

10. 引起名词从句的从属连词。

主要有that, whether, if 等，它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

其中that 不仅没不充当句子成分，而且没有词义，在句子中只起连接作用；而if, whether 虽不充当句子成分，但有词义，即表示“是否”。

如：
He replied that he was going by train. 他回答说他将坐火车去。

I wonder if it’s large eno ugh. 我不知道它是否够大。

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我为是否伤了她的感情而担心。