分布式水文模型介绍dhsvm_overview

Vegetation Model
Completely automated
In use since WY 1998
Streamflow and other forecasts
Summary of Hydromet System
Real-time Streamflow Forecast System 26 basins ~60 USGS Gauge Locations 48,896 km2
2,173,155 pixels
DHSVM @ 150 m resolution MM5 @ 4 & 12 km
Performance of Hydromet System
Sauk Snoqualmie
Observed MM5-DHSVM
NWRFC
Hydromet Performance 2
Deschutes Nisqually
Routing
Controls movement of water from the hillslope to the basin mouth
Road networks in steep terrain remove water from the soil matrix to travel as concentrated flow
Spatial runoff patterns; flow convergence and divergence
Soil Characteristics
Total moisture storage capacity of the watershed Rate of movement of moisture from the hillside to the channel network Moisture available to vegetation for transpiration
Forest Harvest and Road Construction Hard and Ware Creeks, WA
Simulated streamflห้องสมุดไป่ตู้w
w/ and w/o forest roads
Hard Creek
Ware Creek
Hard Creek
Ware Creek
Effect of forest roads on water table
DHSVM network structures
Creating stream and road network inputs
Running the model
Agenda
Model display, evaluation and calibration
Parameter adjustment Alternative scenarios
Drier with roads Wetter with roads
SWE difference for February 1996 ROS event; harvest - no harvest
More snow at beginning of event
Less snow at end of event
Energy balance dynamics in the boreal forest
DHSVM Model Structure
General
Physically based hydrologic model Grid based (DEM) Two layer canopy for vegetation Simultaneously solves energy and water balance
Discussion of simulated results The DHSVM sediment module
Running the mass wasting module
Hydrology model overview
Introduction to hydrologic modeling
Hydrology model overview
What is DHSVM?
Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model Simulated representation of the effects of topography, soil and vegetation on water fluxes throughout the landscape Explicitly represents the spatial variation of topography, soil and vegetation over a grid mesh superimposed on a watershed
DHSVM Tutorial
University of Washington January 23, 2003
Agenda
Introduction Hydrology model overview DHSVM input requirements
Introduction to DHSVM file structures
DHSVM Model Structure Example Applications
What do we need to characterize a river basin?
Topography Soil Vegetation Routing
Topography
Radiation exposure of each watershed area Runoff rates are influenced by slope
MM5-DHSVM
Observed
NWRFC
Summary
DHSVM is a useful tool for exploring the spatial and temporal variability of water and energy across a watershed Model results are only as good as the model inputs Sample application designed to get into the nitty-gritty of model needs
Deschutes River, WA
Simulated response to forest harvest Sub-basins of the Deschutes River, WA
20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 Increase in 2.3-Year Return Flood (%)
Typical Applications
Hydrological effects of vegetation change and forest roads in the PNW
Real-time streamflow forecasting Required accuracy of digital elevation models
Increase in 10-Year Return Flood (%)
Simulated response to road construction Sub-basins of the Deschutes River, WA
12.0
Increase in 10-Year Return Flood (%)
Typical model set-up
Grid mesh resolution: 10 m - 150 m Time step: hourly - 3 hourly Basin size: 5 - 10,000 km2
DHSVM
DHSVM runoff generation
Example Applications
Vegetation Characteristics
Loss of moisture through evapotranspiration Interception evaporation of precipitation Shading and sheltering of underlying snow pack ROS events Radiation-dominated melt
10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 Increase in 2.3-Year Return Flood (%)
MM5-DHSVM Streamflow Forecast System
UW Real-time MM5 Distributed-Hydrology-SoilDHSVM